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Diapositivas de composition

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Karen Avlz
Karen Avlz

This document provides guidelines for using abbreviations in nontechnical writing. It lists acceptable abbreviations for titles and degrees that precede or follow names. Geographic names should be abbreviated when addressing mail, using standard US postal abbreviations. Common Latin phrases may be abbreviated in notes but should be spelled out in text. Acronyms are written with no periods or spaces between letters and the full term should be included the first time with the acronym in parentheses.

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ABBREVIATIONS They are frequently used in tables, footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies to help readers proceed through material quickly. The following abbreviations are acceptable in nontechnical writing:
Abbreviated titles and degrees: Abbreviate titles of address when they precede a full name, except for president and mayor, which are never abbreviated. Mr. Samuel Taylor Dr. Ellen Hunter St. Francis of Assisi Prof. Ahmed Greenberg Gen. Colin Powell Sen. Trent Lott Rep. Ben Nighthorse Campbell Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Except for Mr., Mrs., and Dr., do not abbreviate titles that appear before a surname alone: Professor Greenberg, Senator Braun. Do not abbraviate or capitalize titles that are not used with a proper name. *Raissa Goldblum has been named assistant prof./ of chemistry. (In this case we have to write professor).
Important: Always abbreviate titles and degrees that follow a name, such as esq., M.D., LL.D., and Ph.D. Use either a title (such as Dr.) or a degree (such as M.D.), but not both. *Dr. Randall Marshall Randall Marshall, M.D. Always abbreviate generational titles such as Jr. and Sr. When used in a sentence, they are set off by commas. He talked to Thomas Burke, Jr., and to Karen Burke.
Abbreviations with numbers Time. Use A.M. and P.M (or a.m. and p.m) for specific times of day. 3.45 P.M. (or p.m) 12 noon Year.Use B.C and A.D (Anno Domini) for calendar years. Only A.D. precedes the year. To avoid religious reference, many writers substitute B.C.E (Before Common Era) and C.E (Common Era). 425 B.C (or 425 B.C.E) A.D. 1215(or 1215 C.E) Degrees, numbers, and units of measure. F for degrees Fahrenheit and C for degrees Celsius when writing out temperatures. Use no. Or No. For Number . Use mph for miles per hour. The prime minister’s address is No. 10 Downing street. The speed limit is 65 mph on the interstate and 55 mph on other road. In scientific and technical writing, abbreviate units of measure, usually without periods. To 750 ml of this solution he added 200 mg of sodium cyanate.
Symbols: Use symbols when in nontechnical writing fro degrees ( ), percents (%), and dollars or pesos ($) when they ° are used with figures. Spell out symbols in words when they are used without figures. * He dreamed about what he would do with the $$$ (money). *The temperature was 30°C.
Abbreviated geographic names: Abbreviate geopraphic names when addressing mail. Use the U.S Postal Service state abbreviations. STATE ABBREVIATIONS: Use the Postal Service abbreviations (Capitalized, with no periods), for the names of the city states and the District of Columbia only on mail, in full addresses in text, or in documentation. STATE ABBREVIATION Alabama AL California CA District of Columbia DC Florida FL New York NY Massachusetts MA Oklahoma OK Pennsylvania PA South Carolina SC Texas TX Virginia VA
Common Latin Abbreviations. Use certain common Latin abbreviations in documentation and notes, but write out their English equivalents in the text of your papers. ABBREVIATION LATIN MEANING c. or ca. circa about cf. confer compare e.g. exempli gratia for example et al. et alii and others etc. et cetera and so forth ibid. ibidem in the same place i.e. id est that is N.B. nota bene note well vs. or v. versus againts
Acronyms and initials. An acronym is a word made up of initials and pronounced as a word. NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, for example. Acronyms are written with no periods and no spaces between the letters. CD: Compact Disk. JFK: John F. Kennedy Some abbreviations for countries do use periods but no spaces: U.S., U.K Make sure that acronyms and initial abbreviations are familiar to your readers. If you have any doubts, give the full name the first time, followed by the abbreviation or acronym in parenthesis. *World commerce is governed in large part by a set of treaties called the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
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Diapositivas de composition

  • 1. ABBREVIATIONS They are frequently used in tables, footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies to help readers proceed through material quickly. The following abbreviations are acceptable in nontechnical writing:
  • 2. Abbreviated titles and degrees: Abbreviate titles of address when they precede a full name, except for president and mayor, which are never abbreviated. Mr. Samuel Taylor Dr. Ellen Hunter St. Francis of Assisi Prof. Ahmed Greenberg Gen. Colin Powell Sen. Trent Lott Rep. Ben Nighthorse Campbell Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Except for Mr., Mrs., and Dr., do not abbreviate titles that appear before a surname alone: Professor Greenberg, Senator Braun. Do not abbraviate or capitalize titles that are not used with a proper name. *Raissa Goldblum has been named assistant prof./ of chemistry. (In this case we have to write professor).
  • 3. Important: Always abbreviate titles and degrees that follow a name, such as esq., M.D., LL.D., and Ph.D. Use either a title (such as Dr.) or a degree (such as M.D.), but not both. *Dr. Randall Marshall Randall Marshall, M.D. Always abbreviate generational titles such as Jr. and Sr. When used in a sentence, they are set off by commas. He talked to Thomas Burke, Jr., and to Karen Burke.
  • 4. Abbreviations with numbers Time. Use A.M. and P.M (or a.m. and p.m) for specific times of day. 3.45 P.M. (or p.m) 12 noon Year.Use B.C and A.D (Anno Domini) for calendar years. Only A.D. precedes the year. To avoid religious reference, many writers substitute B.C.E (Before Common Era) and C.E (Common Era). 425 B.C (or 425 B.C.E) A.D. 1215(or 1215 C.E) Degrees, numbers, and units of measure. F for degrees Fahrenheit and C for degrees Celsius when writing out temperatures. Use no. Or No. For Number . Use mph for miles per hour. The prime minister’s address is No. 10 Downing street. The speed limit is 65 mph on the interstate and 55 mph on other road. In scientific and technical writing, abbreviate units of measure, usually without periods. To 750 ml of this solution he added 200 mg of sodium cyanate.
  • 5. Symbols: Use symbols when in nontechnical writing fro degrees ( ), percents (%), and dollars or pesos ($) when they ° are used with figures. Spell out symbols in words when they are used without figures. * He dreamed about what he would do with the $$$ (money). *The temperature was 30°C.
  • 6. Abbreviated geographic names: Abbreviate geopraphic names when addressing mail. Use the U.S Postal Service state abbreviations. STATE ABBREVIATIONS: Use the Postal Service abbreviations (Capitalized, with no periods), for the names of the city states and the District of Columbia only on mail, in full addresses in text, or in documentation. STATE ABBREVIATION Alabama AL California CA District of Columbia DC Florida FL New York NY Massachusetts MA Oklahoma OK Pennsylvania PA South Carolina SC Texas TX Virginia VA
  • 7. Common Latin Abbreviations. Use certain common Latin abbreviations in documentation and notes, but write out their English equivalents in the text of your papers. ABBREVIATION LATIN MEANING c. or ca. circa about cf. confer compare e.g. exempli gratia for example et al. et alii and others etc. et cetera and so forth ibid. ibidem in the same place i.e. id est that is N.B. nota bene note well vs. or v. versus againts
  • 8. Acronyms and initials. An acronym is a word made up of initials and pronounced as a word. NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, for example. Acronyms are written with no periods and no spaces between the letters. CD: Compact Disk. JFK: John F. Kennedy Some abbreviations for countries do use periods but no spaces: U.S., U.K Make sure that acronyms and initial abbreviations are familiar to your readers. If you have any doubts, give the full name the first time, followed by the abbreviation or acronym in parenthesis. *World commerce is governed in large part by a set of treaties called the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).