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Animal Birth Control in Canine
{Non- Surgical Interventions}
Prepared by-
Dr Dushyant Yadav
Assistant Professor cum Jr. Scientist
Department of Livestock Farm Complex (VGO)
Bihar Veterinary College, BASU, Patna-800014
prepared by Dr Dushyant Yadav

Animal Birth Control in Canine
Purpose:
o To Control the overpopulation
o To Prevent the birth of non-descript pups
o Inability of the owner to bear expenses involved with
rearing of pups etc

Methods of Animal Birth Control
? Suppression of estrus in female
? Termination of pregnancy
? Ovariohysterectomy of female
? Castration of male
? Immuno-castration of male etc.

? Light- increase in day length
? Progestogens used in the bitch and queen �C
o negative feed back mechanism haypothalamus �Cpituitary axis
o megesterol acetate, proligesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate etc
are used
? Injection of progesterone-
o At an interval of 3 to 5 months
? Oral dose of Progesterone-
o twice in a week upto 40 days
o Queen- oral megestrol 5mg after sign of estrus and 2.5 mg upto
estrus end
? Androgens- 30 days before anticipated estrus
Suppression of Estrus

Immunization procedure
�C AntiGnRH- immunocastration of male animals

Indications of therapeutic management
of Mis-mating
? For reproductive management of valuable bitches
? Control of pet over population
? Prevent birth of non-descript pups
? Bitches diagnosed with dead fetus or malformed fetus
? Medical emergency requiring termination of pregnancy in
the bitch
? To avoid the cost related to pregnant bitches

Therapeutics of Mis-mating
? Ovariohysterectomy
? Estrogens or synthetic estrogenic compounds
? Progesterone synthesis inhibitors
? Tamoxifen citrate
? Prostaglandin and its analogues
? Dexamethasone

?
? Dopamine agonists
?Combination of PGF2�� and dopamine agonists
?Anti-progesterone therapy
?GnRH antagonist
?Embryo toxic drugs and their combinations
?Non-hormonal compounds etc

Estrogen
? Interferes the transportation time in the oviduct and tightens the
uterotubal junction, results in implantation failure or embryonic death
? Estradiol Valerate
? 0.01-3 mg/kg I/M or S/C, on 0, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after
mating
? Estradiol cypionate
? 0.02 mg/kg I/M, not exceeding 2mg total dose only once
after mating
? Estradiol benzoate
? 0.2 mg/kg I/M single injection on 2nd -5th day of mating total
dose 1 mg max
? Conjugated estrogens
? 1.875 mg total dose daily for 3 days within 5 days of mating

Advantage-
? Early treatment of mis-mating
Disadvantages-
? continuous estrous signs, anorexia, and weight loss
? Uterine diseases like pyometra, endometritis, and
cystic endometrial hyperplasia
? Bone marrow depression leading to severe anemia,
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and death

Prostaglandin and its analogues
? PGF2�� and its synthetic analogues-between days 30-53 of the gestation
? Natural PGF?��
? 0.1 mg/kg S/C TID for 2 days followed by 0.2 mg/kg S/C TID till
termination of pregnancy
? Highly effective in inducing the parturition
? Side effects like panting, respiratory distress, hyper salivation,
reflex defecation, vomition, stranguria, urination and bradycardia
? Cloprostenol (Synthetic PGF?��)
? 1-3 (2.5) ug/kg I/M every 12-24 hr. till parturition
? Few systemic side effects
? Greater luteolytic effects

Progesterone synthesis inhibitors
? Epostane- 5 mg/kg for 7 days after mating
�C Inhibits the synthesis of progesterone by blocking the enzyme ��-
hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase isomerase
Tamoxifen citrate
o Estrogenic activity----interfere in zygote transport and/or
implantation
o 1 mg/kg body wt. P.O. BID for 10 days started on the day
of mismating

Anti-progesterone therapy
? synthetic steroids which are progesterone receptor antagonists
? Mifepristone
? 2.5 ug/kg body wt. BID P.O. for 4-5 days after day 25- 30 of gestation
? Termination of pregnancy occurs mainly by resorption
? No major side effects
? Effective in around 80% cases
? Less available commercially
? Aglepristone
? 10 mg/kg body wt. S/C BID at 24 hrs. interval for 5-7 days
? No apparent side effects on subsequent fertility
? Effective from anytime to day 45 of the gestation with 100% efficacy in
between day 0-25 and 95-96% after day 25 of gestation
? Local pain or itching at site of injection
? Vaginal discharge starts in 1-2 days of treatment and remains upto 1-2
weeks
? Mammary development may occur in some cases

Dopamine agonists
�C Prolactin and LH are required for luteotropic action in bitches
�C Dopamine agonists-ergot derivative having anti-prolactinergic
effects
? Bromocriptine
? 30-100 ug/kg body wt. BID P.O for one week starting at 35-
40 days of gestation
? Side effects are vomiting, inappetance, anorexia,
depression
? Cabergoline
? 5 ug/kg body wt. OD P.O for 7-10 days
? Few side effects

Combination of PGF �� and dopamine agonists
?Cloprostenol + Cabergoline
o After day 25-30 of gestation
o Cloprostenol @ 1 ug/kg body wt. S/C on alternate days
3 times
o Cabergoline @ 5 ug/kg body wt. OD P.O for 9 days
o It is almost 100% effective in all cases

GnRH antagonist
o Acycline @110-330 ug/kg body wt
o Highly efficacious
o causes abortion within 6-7 days
o used after mid-gestation
Non-hormonal compounds
o L-10492 and L-10593 etc
o Used during first half of gestation
o Less availability
o side effects -decreased appetite, loss of body weight,
and diarrhea coupled

Supportive Therapies
o Broad spectrum antibiotics
o Fluid therapy
o Antihistamines like chlorpheniramine maleate
o Analgesics (pain killers) or NSAIDs
o Multivitamins (specially Vit-C)
o Multi-minerals

Summary
o Combinations of drugs available
o Several side effects
o Side effects can be minimized- combination of drugs
o Permanent solution -spaying
o Time of gestation decide the schedules of therapy
and there effectiveness

THANK YOU

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Animal birth control in canines non-surgical interventions

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