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Past perfect tense

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Leysan Safiullina
Leysan Safiullina

This document provides information and exercises about the Past Perfect tense in English grammar. It begins with definitions and examples of how to use the Past Perfect to talk about actions that occurred before other past events or times. There are then controlling questions, examples, exercises and a checking task for learners to practice forming and using the Past Perfect tense correctly. Historical comments and Internet resources are also listed for additional information.

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Past perfect tense
?§´§Ö§à§â§Ú§ñ ?§¬§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§à §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Ú ?§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§í ?§µ§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ?Checking task ?§¬§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ ?§¬§à§ß§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ñ (Help) ?§ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ú ?§ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ä - §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í
1. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ü §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§é§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ: By 9 o'clock we'd finished the work. ? Past Perfect §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú 2. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ: When you arrived, he had had + Ved/V3 just left. ? The Past Perfect 3. §£ §Ü§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §â§Ö§é§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ Tense §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú: He §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §Õ§à said he had studied English §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ó for two years. (He said: "I have studied English for two §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ. years.")
1. How can you distinguish Past Simple and Past Perfect? 2. In which cases is Past Perfect used? 3. §¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä Past Perfect? 4. C §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ñ§â§Ü§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ?
? The train had just left when I arrived at the station. ? She had just left the room when the police arrived. ? I had just put the washing out when it started to rain. ? We had spent all our money by that time. ? When we arrived at the party, Ann had already gone home. ? Had you learned to drive a car yet?
? By 8 o¡¯clock yesterday I (do) my homework and at 8 I (play) the piano. ? By 9 o¡¯clock yesterday grandmother (wash) the dishes and at 9 she (watch) TV. ? When mother (come) home, the children (eat) the soup which she (cook) in the morning. ? When I (ring) up Mike, he still (learn) the poem which he (begin) learning at school. ? By 10 o¡¯clock the children (settle) comfortably on the sofa and at 10 they (watch) a new film. ? When I (see) Ann, she (sort) the flowers which she (pick) in the field.
? §²§Ñ§ã§Ü§â§à§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ü§à§Ò§Ü§Ú, §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Ý§í §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §Ú§Ù §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect. 1. Yesterday I ________ (to put) five apples into the fruit bowl. Where they ________ (to be) now? ¡ª I ________ (to eat) them. You (to bring) some more tomorrow? ¡ª Yes, if you ________ (not to make) noise when granny________ (to sleep). 2. You ever________ (to be) to the Hermitage? 3. What Nick ________ (to do) when you ________ (to ring) him up yesterday? ¡ª He ________ (to play)the piano. He ________ (to tell) me that he already ________ (to write)his composition. 4. Why she ________ (to sleep) now? It________ (to be) too early. She never________ (to sleep) at this time. 5. You________ (to go) to the library tomorrow? ¡ª No, I already ________ (to be) to the library this week. I________ (to be) there on Monday. As a rule, I________ (to go) to the library every Wednesday. But yesterday I________ (not to go) there, be cause I________ (not to read) the book. I ________ (to read) it now. I________ (to go) to the library on Saturday if I ________ (to finish) the book by that time. 6. As soon as I________ (to receive)a letter, I shall go to Moscow. 7. By six o'clock we already________ (to make) arrangements to take the early train.
? By 6 o¡¯clock father (come) home and at 6 he (have) dinner. ? When I (meet) Tom, he (eat) an ice-cream which he (buy) at the corner of the street. ? When I (look) out of the window, the children (play) with a ball which Pete (bring) from home. ? When I (come) home, my sister (read) a book which she (take) from the library. ? When the father (come) home, we (cook) the mushrooms which we (gather) in the wood. ? When I (come) back yesterday, I (see) that my little brother (break) my pen.
§ª§ß§æ§Ú§ß§Ú§ä §±§â§à§ã§ä§à§Ö §±§â§Ú§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §£§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú 1. §³§à§ð§Ù§í (before, after, since (except with was), when, till/until, by (the time)) Be Was/were Been ? After we (had) passed our exams, we went out to Become Became Become celebrate ¨C 2. §¯§Ñ§â§Ö§é§Ú§ñ (just, already, Begin Began Begun never) ? Karen didn¡¯t want to come to Break Broke Broken the cinema with us because she had already seen the film . Bring Brought Brought 3. §¯§Ñ§â§Ö§é§ß§í§Ö §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§í(For hours/days/weeks/months/ye ars/decades/centuries¡­) Buy Bought Bought ? They hadn¡¯t cleaned the house for weeks. Come Came Come
Practice the Past Perfect tense To show your students more examples, go to OurTimeLines.com, where you can generate your own timeline of major historical events. Give examples using any historical events your students can relate to. Now¡¯s a good time to introduce the use of already. - When you were born, the Internet had already been invented. - When I finished high school, the Berlin wall had already been demolished. - When I started teaching, George Bush Sr. had already finished his term as President of the US. Ask students to provide more examples, comparing historical or past events. Give them this worksheet, where they read about something that happened, and they have to guess what happened before.
?http://wordz.ru/Articles.aspx?i d=34 ?http://www.englishbaby.com/le ssons/grammar/past_perfect_te nse ?http://www.correctenglish.ru/t heory/grammar/past-perfect/ ?http://www.langinfo.ru/index.p hp?sect_id=446

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Past perfect tense

  • 2. ?§´§Ö§à§â§Ú§ñ ?§¬§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§à §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Ú ?§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§í ?§µ§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ?Checking task ?§¬§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ ?§¬§à§ß§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ñ (Help) ?§ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ú ?§ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ä - §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í
  • 3. 1. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ü §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§é§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ: By 9 o'clock we'd finished the work. ? Past Perfect §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú 2. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ: When you arrived, he had had + Ved/V3 just left. ? The Past Perfect 3. §£ §Ü§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §â§Ö§é§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ Tense §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú: He §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §Õ§à said he had studied English §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ó for two years. (He said: "I have studied English for two §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ. years.")
  • 4. 1. How can you distinguish Past Simple and Past Perfect? 2. In which cases is Past Perfect used? 3. §¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä Past Perfect? 4. C §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ñ§â§Ü§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ?
  • 5. ? The train had just left when I arrived at the station. ? She had just left the room when the police arrived. ? I had just put the washing out when it started to rain. ? We had spent all our money by that time. ? When we arrived at the party, Ann had already gone home. ? Had you learned to drive a car yet?
  • 6. ? By 8 o¡¯clock yesterday I (do) my homework and at 8 I (play) the piano. ? By 9 o¡¯clock yesterday grandmother (wash) the dishes and at 9 she (watch) TV. ? When mother (come) home, the children (eat) the soup which she (cook) in the morning. ? When I (ring) up Mike, he still (learn) the poem which he (begin) learning at school. ? By 10 o¡¯clock the children (settle) comfortably on the sofa and at 10 they (watch) a new film. ? When I (see) Ann, she (sort) the flowers which she (pick) in the field.
  • 7. ? §²§Ñ§ã§Ü§â§à§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ü§à§Ò§Ü§Ú, §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Ý§í §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §Ú§Ù §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect. 1. Yesterday I ________ (to put) five apples into the fruit bowl. Where they ________ (to be) now? ¡ª I ________ (to eat) them. You (to bring) some more tomorrow? ¡ª Yes, if you ________ (not to make) noise when granny________ (to sleep). 2. You ever________ (to be) to the Hermitage? 3. What Nick ________ (to do) when you ________ (to ring) him up yesterday? ¡ª He ________ (to play)the piano. He ________ (to tell) me that he already ________ (to write)his composition. 4. Why she ________ (to sleep) now? It________ (to be) too early. She never________ (to sleep) at this time. 5. You________ (to go) to the library tomorrow? ¡ª No, I already ________ (to be) to the library this week. I________ (to be) there on Monday. As a rule, I________ (to go) to the library every Wednesday. But yesterday I________ (not to go) there, be cause I________ (not to read) the book. I ________ (to read) it now. I________ (to go) to the library on Saturday if I ________ (to finish) the book by that time. 6. As soon as I________ (to receive)a letter, I shall go to Moscow. 7. By six o'clock we already________ (to make) arrangements to take the early train.
  • 8. ? By 6 o¡¯clock father (come) home and at 6 he (have) dinner. ? When I (meet) Tom, he (eat) an ice-cream which he (buy) at the corner of the street. ? When I (look) out of the window, the children (play) with a ball which Pete (bring) from home. ? When I (come) home, my sister (read) a book which she (take) from the library. ? When the father (come) home, we (cook) the mushrooms which we (gather) in the wood. ? When I (come) back yesterday, I (see) that my little brother (break) my pen.
  • 9. §ª§ß§æ§Ú§ß§Ú§ä §±§â§à§ã§ä§à§Ö §±§â§Ú§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §£§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú 1. §³§à§ð§Ù§í (before, after, since (except with was), when, till/until, by (the time)) Be Was/were Been ? After we (had) passed our exams, we went out to Become Became Become celebrate ¨C 2. §¯§Ñ§â§Ö§é§Ú§ñ (just, already, Begin Began Begun never) ? Karen didn¡¯t want to come to Break Broke Broken the cinema with us because she had already seen the film . Bring Brought Brought 3. §¯§Ñ§â§Ö§é§ß§í§Ö §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§í(For hours/days/weeks/months/ye ars/decades/centuries¡­) Buy Bought Bought ? They hadn¡¯t cleaned the house for weeks. Come Came Come
  • 10. Practice the Past Perfect tense To show your students more examples, go to OurTimeLines.com, where you can generate your own timeline of major historical events. Give examples using any historical events your students can relate to. Now¡¯s a good time to introduce the use of already. - When you were born, the Internet had already been invented. - When I finished high school, the Berlin wall had already been demolished. - When I started teaching, George Bush Sr. had already finished his term as President of the US. Ask students to provide more examples, comparing historical or past events. Give them this worksheet, where they read about something that happened, and they have to guess what happened before.
  • 11. ?http://wordz.ru/Articles.aspx?i d=34 ?http://www.englishbaby.com/le ssons/grammar/past_perfect_te nse ?http://www.correctenglish.ru/t heory/grammar/past-perfect/ ?http://www.langinfo.ru/index.p hp?sect_id=446