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In physics, the Lorentz transformations are a six-parameter family
of linear transformations from a coordinate frame in spacetime to
another frame that moves at a constant velocity relative to the
former. The respective inverse transformation is then
parametrised by the negative of this velocity. The transformations
are named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz.

Unless it's travelling through a vacuum,
the speed of light isn't always constant.
It depends on the medium the light is
travelling through.

The theory of relativity is traditionally broken into
two parts, special and general relativity.
Special relativity provides (1905)
a framework for translating physical events and
laws into forms appropriate for any inertial frame
of reference.
General relativity addresses (1915)
the problem of accelerated motion and gravity.
Theory of relativity

In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is
a scientific theory regarding the relationship between space and time.
In Albert Einstein's original treatment, the theory is based on two
postulates:
1-The laws of physics are invariant (that is, identical) in all
inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no
acceleration).
2-The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless
of the motion of the light source or the observer.
Special Theory of relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of
relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity,
is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert
Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation
in modern physics.
General relativity generalizes special relativity and
refines Newton's law of universal gravitation,
providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric
property of space and time or four-dimensional spacetime.

In 1927 G.P. Thomson and Clinton Davisson

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Modern physics

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