![II.2.1. M?t s? l?nh ??n gi?n
? X¨®a m¨¤n h¨¬nh Terminal: clear
? Xem th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh: pwd
? L?y t¨ºn m¨¢y t¨ªnh: hostname
? Hi?n chu?i l¨ºn m¨¤n h¨¬nh: echo [¡°chu?i¡±]
H?H Linux 12](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-12-320.jpg)
![II.2.2. M?t s? l?nh hi?n th? th?i gian
? Hi?n th? ng¨¤y th¨¢ng hi?n t?i: date (xem th¨ºm man)
? Xem l?ch: cal [th¨¢ng] [n?m]
H?H Linux 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-13-320.jpg)
![L?nh chuy?n th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh
? cd [???ng_d?n_c?n_chuy?n_??n]
? VD: u01@pc01:/usr$ cd /home/Linux
? N?u kh?ng ghi ???ng_d?n_c?n_chuy?n_??n: v?
th? m?c ~
H?H Linux 15](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-15-320.jpg)
![L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (1)
? ls [tu?_ch?n] [???ng_d?n_c?n_li?t_k¨º]
? M?t s? tu? ch?n:
? -l (--long): li?t k¨º d?ng chi ti?t
? -R (--recursive): li?t k¨º t?t c? n?i dung c¨¢c th? m?c
? -a (--all) : li?t k¨º t?t c? c¨¢c t?p tin, k? c? t?p tin ?n
? -h (--human): k¨ªch th??c d?ng kilobytes and
megabytes
? -i (--inode): in inode c?a t?p tin
? N?u kh?ng ghi ???ng_d?n_c?n_li?t_k¨º: li?t k¨º n?i dung
th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh
H?H Linux 16](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-16-320.jpg)
![L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (3)
? C¨® th? d¨´ng k? hi?u ??i di?n trong
???ng_d?n_c?n_li?t_k¨º ?? li?t k¨º n?i dung c¨¢c th?
m?c/t?p tin v¨¤ n?i dung c¨¢c th? m?c, bao g?m:
¨C ?: ??i di?n cho 1 k? t? b?t k? (b?t bu?c c¨® 1 k? t?)
¨C *: ??i di?n cho 1 nh¨®m k? t? b?t k? (0, 1 ho?c n k?
t?)
¨C [n..m]: t? k? t? n ??n k? t? m (n, m l¨¤ 2 k? t? b?t
k? trong b?ng ch? c¨¢i) (kh?ng b?t bu?c)
H?H Linux 18](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-18-320.jpg)
![L?nh t?o th? m?c
? mkdir [tu?_ch?n] [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_th?_m?c>
? Tu?_ch?n:
? -p, --parents: t?o c¨¢c th? m?c cha n?u ch?a
t?n t?i
? VD: mkdir ¨Cp /a/b/c/d -> t?o c? 4 th? m?c
? -m <quy?n>, --mode <quy?n>: thi?t l?p quy?n
h?n
? VD: mkdir -m 444 personal -> t?o th? m?c ch?
??c
H?H Linux 23](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-23-320.jpg)
![L?nh xo¨¢ th? m?c r?ng
? rmdir [tu?_ch?n] [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_th?_m?c>
? Tu? ch?n:
? -p, --parents: xo¨¢ th? m?c v¨¤ (c¨¢c) th? m?c
cha, n?u th? m?c cha r?ng.
? VD: u01@pc01:~$ rmdir ¨Cp Homework/Linux/
Chapter01
? => Xo¨¢ th? m?c Chapter01 (n?u r?ng)
? => Xo¨¢ th? m?c Linux (n?u r?ng)
? => Xo¨¢ th? m?c Homework (n?u r?ng)
H?H Linux 24](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-24-320.jpg)
![T?o t?p tin text d¨´ng gedit
? gedit [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_t?p_tin>
? Gedit l¨¤ tr¨¬nh so?n th?o v?n b?n ??n gi?n tr¨ºn
Linux (t??ng t? Notepad tr¨ºn Windows)
? Gedit c¨® giao di?n ?? ho?
? N?u t?p tin <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ?? t?n t?i th¨¬ m? t?p
tin, ng??c l?i t?o m?i
H?H Linux 25](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-25-320.jpg)
![T?o t?p tin text d¨´ng vi ho?c vim
? vi [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_t?p_tin>
? N?u t?p tin <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ?? t?n t?i th¨¬ m? t?p
tin, ng??c l?i t?o m?i
? Nh?n i: ch¨¨n th¨ºm k? t? v¨¤o v? tr¨ª con tr?
? Tho¨¢t v¨¤ l?u n?i dung t?p tin: nh?n ESC v¨¤ 1
trong c¨¢c ph¨ªm: wq, ZZ ho?c x
? Tho¨¢t v¨¤ kh?ng l?u: q!
H?H Linux 26](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-26-320.jpg)
![L?nh xo¨¢ t?p tin / th? m?c
? rm [tu?_ch?n]
[???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_t?p_tin/th?_m?c>
? Tu? ch?n:
? -r, -R, --recursive : xo¨¢ th? m?c v¨¤ n?i dung
th? m?c.
H?H Linux 27](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-27-320.jpg)
![L?nh sao ch¨¦p t?p tin / th? m?c
? cp [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_2>
? cp [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_2> ¡ <t¨ºn_th?_m?c>
? Ch¨¦p t?p_tin_1 th¨¤nh t?p_tin_2 ho?c ch¨¦p c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤o c¨´ng 1 th?
m?c
? Tu? ch?n:
? -r, -R, --recursive : ch¨¦p th? m?c v¨¤o th? m?c m?i.
? -f, --force: overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin ?? t?n t?i
? -i, --interactive: h?i l?i tr??c khi overwrite
? -P, --parents: ch¨¦p c? nh¨¢nh th? m?c v¨¤o v? tr¨ª m?i
? VD: cp --parents jphekman/book/ch1 newdir
? => ch¨¦p jphekman/book/ch1 th¨¤nh newdir/jphekman/book/ch1
? -u, --update: kh?ng overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin c¨® th?i nh?n
(modification time) b?ng ho?c m?i h?n
H?H Linux 28](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-28-320.jpg)
![L?nh di chuy?n v¨¤/ho?c ??i t¨ºn
? mv [tu?_ch?n] <ngu?n> <?¨ªch>
? Khi ngu?n v¨¤ ?¨ªch c¨´ng v? tr¨ª => ??i t¨ºn
? Khi ngu?n v¨¤ ?¨ªch kh¨¢c v? tr¨ª v¨¤ c¨´ng t¨ºn => di chuy?n
? Khi ngu?n v¨¤ ?¨ªch kh¨¢c v? tr¨ª v¨¤ kh¨¢c t¨ºn => di chuy?n v¨¤ ??i t¨ºn
? Tu? ch?n:
? -f, --force: overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin ?? t?n t?i
? -i, --interactive: h?i l?i tr??c khi overwrite
? -u, --update: kh?ng overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin c¨® th?i nh?n
(modification time) b?ng ho?c m?i h?n
? VD:
? mv m1 M1
? mv d1 /tmp
? mv d2 M1/d22
H?H Linux 29](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-29-320.jpg)
![L?nh thay ??i th?i gian truy c?p v¨¤ hi?u ch?nh
? touch [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_t?p_tin/th?_m?c>
? Tu? ch?n:
? -a, --time=atime, --time=access, --time=use: ch? c?p
nh?t th?i gian truy c?p (access time)
? -m, --time=mtime, --time=modify: ch? c?p nh?t th?i
gian hi?u ch?nh (modification time)
? -t <time>: ch? ??nh 1 th?i ?i?m c? th? d?ng
[[cc]yy]mmddhhmm[.ss] (bao g?m: optional century
and year, month, date, hours, minutes, and optional
seconds), n?u kh?ng ghi tham s? n¨¤y => l?y ng¨¤y gi?
hi?n h¨¤nh
? -c, --no-create: kh?ng t?o n?u t?p tin kh?ng t?n t?i,
n?u kh?ng ghi tham s? n¨¤y => t?o t?p tin v?i k¨ªch
30
th??c = 0 H?H Linux](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-30-320.jpg)
![L?nh ??c n?i dung t?p tin v?n b?n
? cat [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_c¨¢c _t?p _tin>
? ??c n?i dung c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤ in ra thi?t b? xu?t
chu?n
? C¨® th? d¨´ng c¨¢c k? hi?u chuy?n h??ng:
? > n?i c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤o 1 t?p tin m?i
cat f1 f2 f3 > fnew
? >> n?i c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤o cu?i 1 t?p tin ?? c¨®
cat f5 f4 >> fnew
? N?u kh?ng ghi t¨ºn c¨¢c t?p tin tr??c > ho?c >> th¨¬
m?c ??nh l¨¤ ??c n?i dung t? thi?t b? nh?p chu?n
(nh?p n?i dung v¨¤o t?p tin), nh?p xong nh?n Ctrl
32
D ?? k?t th¨²c H?H Linux](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-32-320.jpg)
![L?nh t?o li¨ºn k?t (1)
? Li¨ºn k?t c?ng: 1 li¨ºn k?t c?ng ??n 1 t?p tin
(kh?ng t?o ???c v?i th? m?c) l¨¤ 1 t?p tin tr? ??n
inode v?t l? c?a t?p tin g?c. N?u x¨®a file g?c th¨¬
d? li?u ho¨¤n to¨¤n kh?ng b? m?t, n¨® ch? m?t khi
kh?ng c¨°n li¨ºn k?t n¨¤o ??n inode ?¨® n?a.
? Li¨ºn k?t m?m: 1 li¨ºn k?t m?m ??n 1 t?p tin (th?
m?c) l¨¤ 1 t?p tin ch? ch?a th?ng tin c?a t?p tin
g?c. Khi x¨®a t?p tin g?c th¨¬ t?p tin li¨ºn k?t kh?ng
c¨°n ? ngh?a
?L?nh: ln [tham s?] <ngu?n> <?¨ªch>
?Tham s?: -s: t?o li¨ºn k?t m?m, n?u kh?ng ch?
??nh th¨¬ t?o li¨ºn k?t c?ng 33
H?H Linux](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-33-320.jpg)
![L?nh t¨¬m chu?i trong t?p tin (1)
? L?nh: grep [tham s?] <'chu?i'> [t¨ºn t?p tin]
? T¨¬m v¨¤ hi?n th? c¨¢c d¨°ng v?n b?n c¨® ch?a 'chu?i'
? Tham s?: -e cho ph¨¦p ch? ??nh nhi?u chu?i t¨¬m
ki?m ¡ú t¨¬m ki?m theo ?i?u ki?n OR gi?a c¨¢c
chu?i. N?u c¨® nhi?u chu?i t¨¬m ki?m nh?ng kh?ng
d¨´ng -e ¡ú ch? t¨¬m theo chu?i ??u ti¨ºn
? N?u kh?ng chir ??nh t¨ºn t?p tin th¨¬ m?c ??nh t¨¬m
trong lu?ng nh?p chu?n ¡ú ph?i nh?p n?i dung t?
b¨¤n ph¨ªm ¡ú th?c hi?n t¨¬m sau m?i d¨°ng ¡ú
d?ng: Ctrl D
H?H Linux 36](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-36-320.jpg)
![T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh find (1)
? L?nh: find [???ng d?n] [tham s?]
? N?u kh?ng ch? ??nh ???ng d?n ¡ú t¨¬m trong th? m?c hi?n
h¨¤nh. N?u kh?ng ch? ??nh tham s? ¡ú li?t k¨º t?t c?
? Tham s?:
? -empty: t¨¬m c¨¢c t?p tin/th? m?c r?ng
? -type <lo?i>: trong ?¨® <lo?i> l¨¤ 1 trong c¨¢c k? t?:
?d: th? m?c
?f: t?p tin
? -user <t¨ºn user>: thu?c s? h?u c?a ng??i d¨´ng <t¨ºn
user>
? -group <t¨ºn nh¨®m>: thu?c s? h?u c?a nh¨®m <t¨ºn
nh¨®m>
H?H Linux 44](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-44-320.jpg)
![T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh find
(2)
? -name <m?u>: trong ?¨® <m?u> ???c d¨´ng c¨¢c k? t?
??i di?n: *, ?, []; c¨¢c k? t? n¨¤y ph?i ??t sau k? t?
?find -name b* <=> t¨ºn b?t ??u b?ng ch? b
?find -name bt? <=> t¨ºn c¨® 3 k? t?, b?t ??u b?ng
ch? bt
?find -name bt[3..5] <=> t¨ºn b?t ??u b?ng ch? bt,
theo sau l¨¤ 1 k? s? 3, 4 ho?c 5
?find -name b[a..t] <=> t¨ºn b?t ??u b?ng ch? bt,
theo sau l¨¤ 1 k? t? trong kho?ng t? ch? a ??n ch?
t trong b?ng ch? c¨¢i
?Ch¨² ?: -name <m?u> kh?ng ph?n bi?t ch? hoa,
th??ng
? -iname <m?u>: t??ng t? nh? -name nh?ng ph?n bi?t
ch? hoa, th??ng H?H Linux 45](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-45-320.jpg)
![T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh find
(3)
? -size <n>[cbkMG]: k¨ªch th??c n ??n v?, v?i ??n v? l¨¤:
?b: block (<=> 512 byte) (m?c ??nh)
?c: byte
?k: kilobyte
?M: megabyte
?G: gigabyte
? Ngo¨¤i ra, c¨°n c¨¢c tham s? kh¨¢c li¨ºn quan ??n ng¨¤y
c?p nh?t, quy?n h?n, ...
H?H Linux 46](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-46-320.jpg)
![T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh locate (1)
? L?nh: locate [tham s?] <m?u>
? T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c c¨® t¨ºn ch?a <m?u>
? Tham s?:
? -b 't¨ºn': t¨¬m ch¨ªnh x¨¢c theo t¨ºn
tranmai@tranmai-laptop:~$ locate -b 'passwd'
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/share/doc/passwd
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/passwd
? -c (--count): ch? ??m s? t?p tin t¨¬m ???c
tranmai@tranmai-laptop:~$ locate -b 'passwd' -c
5
H?H Linux 47](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-47-320.jpg)
![Thay ??i ch? s? h?u c?a t?p tin/th? m?c (1)
? Ch? c¨® ch? s? h?u ho?c super user m?i th?c hi?n ???c vi?c n¨¤y
? C¨² ph¨¢p: chown [tham s?] [ch? s? h?u m?i][:nh¨®m s? h?u m?i]
<t¨ºn_t?p_tin>
? Tham s?:
? -R, --recursive: thay ??i c? nh¨¢nh th? m?c
? -v, --verbose: li?t k¨º c¨¢c t?p tin th?c hi?n thay ??i
? Ch? s? h?u m?i: t¨ºn ng??i d¨´ng ho?c UID
? Nh¨®m s? h?u m?i: t¨ºn nh¨®m ho?c GID
? N?u ghi d?u : m¨¤ kh?ng ghi t¨ºn nh¨®m th¨¬ m?c ??nh l¨¤ nh¨®m
ch¨ªnh c?a ch? s? h?u (login group)
? N?u ghi [:nh¨®m s? h?u] m¨¤ kh?ng ghi t¨ºn ch? s? h?u th¨¬ ch?
thay ??i nh¨®m s? h?u (t??ng t? l?nh chgrp)
? Ch¨² ?: tr??c sau d?u hai ch?m kh?ng c¨® kho?ng tr?ng
H?H Linux 67](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-67-320.jpg)
![Thay ??i nh¨®m s? h?u c?a t?p tin/th? m?c
? Ch? c¨® ch? s? h?u ho?c super user m?i th?c hi?n ???c
vi?c n¨¤y
? C¨² ph¨¢p: chgrp [tham s?] <nh¨®m s? h?u m?i>
<t¨ºn_t?p_tin>
? Tham s?:
? -R, --recursive: thay ??i c? nh¨¢nh th? m?c
? -v, --verbose: li?t k¨º c¨¢c t?p tin th?c hi?n thay ??i
? Nh¨®m s? h?u m?i: t¨ºn nh¨®m ho?c GID
? VD: chgrp admin abc.txt (nh¨®m s? h?u c?a t?p tin
abc.txt l¨¤ nh¨®m admin)
H?H Linux 69](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linux04hethongtaptin-120531045431-phpapp01/85/Linux04-hethongtaptin-69-320.jpg)
![Giao trinh he_dieu_hanh_tech24_vn[bookbooming.com]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/giaotrinhhedieuhanhtech24vnbookbooming-com-120921150924-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
More Related Content
What's hot (18)
Viewers also liked (7)
Similar to Linux04 hethongtaptin (20)
Linux04 hethongtaptin
- 1. H? ?i?U H?NH LINUX TR?N TH? NG?C MAI H? TH?NG T?P TIN 1
- 2. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin H?H Linux 2
- 3. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell I.1. Terminal I.2. Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin H?H Linux 3
- 4. I.1. Terminal (1) ? L¨¤ ch??ng tr¨¬nh d¨´ng ?? ng??i d¨´ng t??ng t¨¢c v?i nh?n th?ng qua t?p l?nh c?a shell ? Kh?i ??ng Terminal: Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal ? D?u nh?c l?nh trong Terminal: ? #: ng??i d¨´ng root ? $: ng??i d¨´ng b¨¬nh th??ng ? C¨¢c th¨¤nh ph?n tr??c d?u nh?c l?nh: ? t¨ºnng??id¨´ng@t¨ºnm¨¢y:???ngd?nhi?nh¨¤nh ? VD: u01@pc01:~/Kiemtra1$ H?H Linux 4
- 5. I.1. Terminal (2) S? d?ng Terminal: ? Xem tr? gi¨²p l?nh: man t¨ºn_l?nh ? D¨´ng ph¨ªm m?i t¨ºn xu?ng ?? ??c t¨¤i li?u ? Nh?n q ?? tho¨¢t ? Hi?n l?i l?nh tr??c k? tr??c: m?i t¨ºn l¨ºn (Ctrl P) ? Hi?n l?i l?nh tr??c k? sau: m?i t¨ºn xu?ng (Ctrl N) ? Th?c thi l?nh: Enter ? Copy: Ctrl Shift C ? Paste: Ctrl Shift V ? D?u ; ng?n c¨¢ch c¨¢c c?u l?nh => th?c hi?n tu?n t? H?H Linux 5
- 6. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell I.1. Terminal I.2. Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin H?H Linux 6
- 7. I.2. Shell ? M?i distro ??u s? d?ng c¨¢c shell gi?ng nhau ? Shell l¨¤ 1 h? th?ng c¨¢c l?nh ?? ng??i d¨´ng ?i?u khi?n m?i ho?t ??ng c?a h? th?ng ? t??ng t¨¢c v?i nh?n ? C¨¢c l?nh c?a shell ???c ??t trong /bin ? C¨¢c shell trong Linux: ? sh (Bouner): shell c?a Unix ? bash (Bouner Again Shell): ra ??i t? d? ¨¢n GNU, l¨¤ shell ch¨ªnh trong Linux ? Xem shell ??ng d¨´ng: l?nh echo $SHELL ? H?y 1 l?nh ?ang ch?y: Ctrl C 7 H?H Linux
- 8. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin II.1. ???ng d?n trong h? th?ng t?p tin II.2. M?t s? l?nh c? b?n II.3. M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn HTTT III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin H?H Linux 8
- 9. II.1. ???ng d?n (1) a. ???ng d?n tuy?t ??i: ? L¨¤ ???ng d?n ???c x¨¢c ??nh t? th? m?c g?c (/) VD: /usr/local/vd1.txt ? K? hi?u . v¨¤ ..: ? .: bi?u th? th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh VD: u01@pc01:~$ ./baitap ? ..: bi?u th? th? m?c cha c?a th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh VD: u01@pc01:~$ cd ../Linux ? Khi ch?y c¨¢c t?p tin th?c thi th??ng b?t bu?c d¨´ng ???ng d?n tuy?t ??i H?H Linux 9
- 10. II.1. ???ng d?n (2) b. ???ng d?n t??ng ??i: ? L¨¤ ???ng d?n ???c x¨¢c ??nh t? th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh VD: u01@pc01:/usr/local$ gedit baitap.cpp ? K? hi?u ~: bi?u th? th? m?c c¨¢ nh?n c?a ng??i d¨´ng ?ang ??ng nh?p VD: u01@pc01:/usr$ cd ~ H?H Linux 10
- 11. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin II.1. ???ng d?n trong h? th?ng t?p tin II.2. M?t s? l?nh c? b?n II.3. M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn HTTT III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin H?H Linux 11
- 12. II.2.1. M?t s? l?nh ??n gi?n ? X¨®a m¨¤n h¨¬nh Terminal: clear ? Xem th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh: pwd ? L?y t¨ºn m¨¢y t¨ªnh: hostname ? Hi?n chu?i l¨ºn m¨¤n h¨¬nh: echo [¡°chu?i¡±] H?H Linux 12
- 13. II.2.2. M?t s? l?nh hi?n th? th?i gian ? Hi?n th? ng¨¤y th¨¢ng hi?n t?i: date (xem th¨ºm man) ? Xem l?ch: cal [th¨¢ng] [n?m] H?H Linux 13
- 14. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin II.1. ???ng d?n trong h? th?ng t?p tin II.2. M?t s? l?nh c? b?n II.3. M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn HTTT III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin H?H Linux 14
- 15. L?nh chuy?n th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh ? cd [???ng_d?n_c?n_chuy?n_??n] ? VD: u01@pc01:/usr$ cd /home/Linux ? N?u kh?ng ghi ???ng_d?n_c?n_chuy?n_??n: v? th? m?c ~ H?H Linux 15
- 16. L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (1) ? ls [tu?_ch?n] [???ng_d?n_c?n_li?t_k¨º] ? M?t s? tu? ch?n: ? -l (--long): li?t k¨º d?ng chi ti?t ? -R (--recursive): li?t k¨º t?t c? n?i dung c¨¢c th? m?c ? -a (--all) : li?t k¨º t?t c? c¨¢c t?p tin, k? c? t?p tin ?n ? -h (--human): k¨ªch th??c d?ng kilobytes and megabytes ? -i (--inode): in inode c?a t?p tin ? N?u kh?ng ghi ???ng_d?n_c?n_li?t_k¨º: li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh H?H Linux 16
- 17. L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (2) H?H Linux 17
- 18. L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (3) ? C¨® th? d¨´ng k? hi?u ??i di?n trong ???ng_d?n_c?n_li?t_k¨º ?? li?t k¨º n?i dung c¨¢c th? m?c/t?p tin v¨¤ n?i dung c¨¢c th? m?c, bao g?m: ¨C ?: ??i di?n cho 1 k? t? b?t k? (b?t bu?c c¨® 1 k? t?) ¨C *: ??i di?n cho 1 nh¨®m k? t? b?t k? (0, 1 ho?c n k? t?) ¨C [n..m]: t? k? t? n ??n k? t? m (n, m l¨¤ 2 k? t? b?t k? trong b?ng ch? c¨¢i) (kh?ng b?t bu?c) H?H Linux 18
- 19. L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (4) H?H Linux 19
- 20. L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (5) H?H Linux 20
- 21. L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (6) H?H Linux 21
- 22. L?nh li?t k¨º n?i dung th? m?c (7) ? VD: u01@pc01:/usr$ ls ¨Cl /etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10326 Apr 12 12 08:42 info-dir lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Apr 12 12 07:52 init.d -> rc.d/init.d ? K? t? ??u ti¨ºn c?a c?t 1: -: t?p tin b¨¬nh th??ng, d: th? m?c, l: li¨ºn k?t (shortcut) v¨¤ sau t¨ºn c¨® d?u -> ch? ??n t?p tin g?c ? C¨¢c k? t? c¨°n l?i c?a c?t 1: quy?n h?n ? C?t 2: s? li¨ºn k?t c¨´ng tr? ??n inode v?t l? c?a t?p tin n¨¤y ? C?t 3, 4: ng??i s? h?u v¨¤ nh¨®m s? h?u ? C?t 5: k¨ªch th??c d??i d?ng s? block. N?u mu?n hi?n th? d?ng K, M (kylobyte, megabyte) th¨¬ th¨ºm -h (human) ¡ú ls -l -h ? C?t 6: th?i nh?n (ng¨¤y c?p nh?t cu?i c¨´ng) ? C?t 7: t¨ºn t?p tin ho?c th? m?c H?H Linux 22
- 23. L?nh t?o th? m?c ? mkdir [tu?_ch?n] [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_th?_m?c> ? Tu?_ch?n: ? -p, --parents: t?o c¨¢c th? m?c cha n?u ch?a t?n t?i ? VD: mkdir ¨Cp /a/b/c/d -> t?o c? 4 th? m?c ? -m <quy?n>, --mode <quy?n>: thi?t l?p quy?n h?n ? VD: mkdir -m 444 personal -> t?o th? m?c ch? ??c H?H Linux 23
- 24. L?nh xo¨¢ th? m?c r?ng ? rmdir [tu?_ch?n] [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_th?_m?c> ? Tu? ch?n: ? -p, --parents: xo¨¢ th? m?c v¨¤ (c¨¢c) th? m?c cha, n?u th? m?c cha r?ng. ? VD: u01@pc01:~$ rmdir ¨Cp Homework/Linux/ Chapter01 ? => Xo¨¢ th? m?c Chapter01 (n?u r?ng) ? => Xo¨¢ th? m?c Linux (n?u r?ng) ? => Xo¨¢ th? m?c Homework (n?u r?ng) H?H Linux 24
- 25. T?o t?p tin text d¨´ng gedit ? gedit [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ? Gedit l¨¤ tr¨¬nh so?n th?o v?n b?n ??n gi?n tr¨ºn Linux (t??ng t? Notepad tr¨ºn Windows) ? Gedit c¨® giao di?n ?? ho? ? N?u t?p tin <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ?? t?n t?i th¨¬ m? t?p tin, ng??c l?i t?o m?i H?H Linux 25
- 26. T?o t?p tin text d¨´ng vi ho?c vim ? vi [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ? N?u t?p tin <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ?? t?n t?i th¨¬ m? t?p tin, ng??c l?i t?o m?i ? Nh?n i: ch¨¨n th¨ºm k? t? v¨¤o v? tr¨ª con tr? ? Tho¨¢t v¨¤ l?u n?i dung t?p tin: nh?n ESC v¨¤ 1 trong c¨¢c ph¨ªm: wq, ZZ ho?c x ? Tho¨¢t v¨¤ kh?ng l?u: q! H?H Linux 26
- 27. L?nh xo¨¢ t?p tin / th? m?c ? rm [tu?_ch?n] [???ng_d?n/]<t¨ºn_t?p_tin/th?_m?c> ? Tu? ch?n: ? -r, -R, --recursive : xo¨¢ th? m?c v¨¤ n?i dung th? m?c. H?H Linux 27
- 28. L?nh sao ch¨¦p t?p tin / th? m?c ? cp [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_2> ? cp [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_2> ¡ <t¨ºn_th?_m?c> ? Ch¨¦p t?p_tin_1 th¨¤nh t?p_tin_2 ho?c ch¨¦p c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤o c¨´ng 1 th? m?c ? Tu? ch?n: ? -r, -R, --recursive : ch¨¦p th? m?c v¨¤o th? m?c m?i. ? -f, --force: overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin ?? t?n t?i ? -i, --interactive: h?i l?i tr??c khi overwrite ? -P, --parents: ch¨¦p c? nh¨¢nh th? m?c v¨¤o v? tr¨ª m?i ? VD: cp --parents jphekman/book/ch1 newdir ? => ch¨¦p jphekman/book/ch1 th¨¤nh newdir/jphekman/book/ch1 ? -u, --update: kh?ng overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin c¨® th?i nh?n (modification time) b?ng ho?c m?i h?n H?H Linux 28
- 29. L?nh di chuy?n v¨¤/ho?c ??i t¨ºn ? mv [tu?_ch?n] <ngu?n> <?¨ªch> ? Khi ngu?n v¨¤ ?¨ªch c¨´ng v? tr¨ª => ??i t¨ºn ? Khi ngu?n v¨¤ ?¨ªch kh¨¢c v? tr¨ª v¨¤ c¨´ng t¨ºn => di chuy?n ? Khi ngu?n v¨¤ ?¨ªch kh¨¢c v? tr¨ª v¨¤ kh¨¢c t¨ºn => di chuy?n v¨¤ ??i t¨ºn ? Tu? ch?n: ? -f, --force: overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin ?? t?n t?i ? -i, --interactive: h?i l?i tr??c khi overwrite ? -u, --update: kh?ng overwrite c¨¢c t?p tin c¨® th?i nh?n (modification time) b?ng ho?c m?i h?n ? VD: ? mv m1 M1 ? mv d1 /tmp ? mv d2 M1/d22 H?H Linux 29
- 30. L?nh thay ??i th?i gian truy c?p v¨¤ hi?u ch?nh ? touch [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_t?p_tin/th?_m?c> ? Tu? ch?n: ? -a, --time=atime, --time=access, --time=use: ch? c?p nh?t th?i gian truy c?p (access time) ? -m, --time=mtime, --time=modify: ch? c?p nh?t th?i gian hi?u ch?nh (modification time) ? -t <time>: ch? ??nh 1 th?i ?i?m c? th? d?ng [[cc]yy]mmddhhmm[.ss] (bao g?m: optional century and year, month, date, hours, minutes, and optional seconds), n?u kh?ng ghi tham s? n¨¤y => l?y ng¨¤y gi? hi?n h¨¤nh ? -c, --no-create: kh?ng t?o n?u t?p tin kh?ng t?n t?i, n?u kh?ng ghi tham s? n¨¤y => t?o t?p tin v?i k¨ªch 30 th??c = 0 H?H Linux
- 31. K? hi?u chuy?n h??ng ? Chuy?n h??ng xu?t: > ho?c >> ? Chuy?n h??ng nh?p : < ? Chuy?n h??ng l?i: 2> H?H Linux 31
- 32. L?nh ??c n?i dung t?p tin v?n b?n ? cat [tu?_ch?n] <t¨ºn_c¨¢c _t?p _tin> ? ??c n?i dung c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤ in ra thi?t b? xu?t chu?n ? C¨® th? d¨´ng c¨¢c k? hi?u chuy?n h??ng: ? > n?i c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤o 1 t?p tin m?i cat f1 f2 f3 > fnew ? >> n?i c¨¢c t?p tin v¨¤o cu?i 1 t?p tin ?? c¨® cat f5 f4 >> fnew ? N?u kh?ng ghi t¨ºn c¨¢c t?p tin tr??c > ho?c >> th¨¬ m?c ??nh l¨¤ ??c n?i dung t? thi?t b? nh?p chu?n (nh?p n?i dung v¨¤o t?p tin), nh?p xong nh?n Ctrl 32 D ?? k?t th¨²c H?H Linux
- 33. L?nh t?o li¨ºn k?t (1) ? Li¨ºn k?t c?ng: 1 li¨ºn k?t c?ng ??n 1 t?p tin (kh?ng t?o ???c v?i th? m?c) l¨¤ 1 t?p tin tr? ??n inode v?t l? c?a t?p tin g?c. N?u x¨®a file g?c th¨¬ d? li?u ho¨¤n to¨¤n kh?ng b? m?t, n¨® ch? m?t khi kh?ng c¨°n li¨ºn k?t n¨¤o ??n inode ?¨® n?a. ? Li¨ºn k?t m?m: 1 li¨ºn k?t m?m ??n 1 t?p tin (th? m?c) l¨¤ 1 t?p tin ch? ch?a th?ng tin c?a t?p tin g?c. Khi x¨®a t?p tin g?c th¨¬ t?p tin li¨ºn k?t kh?ng c¨°n ? ngh?a ?L?nh: ln [tham s?] <ngu?n> <?¨ªch> ?Tham s?: -s: t?o li¨ºn k?t m?m, n?u kh?ng ch? ??nh th¨¬ t?o li¨ºn k?t c?ng 33 H?H Linux
- 34. L?nh t?o li¨ºn k?t (2) S? li¨ºn k?t ??n inode v?t l? c?a t?p tin /etc/hostname t?ng t? 1, 2, 3 sau khi t?o th¨ºm 2 li¨ºn k?t c?ng. Ch¨² ?: li¨ºn k?t m?m kh?ng t?ng s? li¨ºn k?t ??n inode v?t l? H?H Linux 34
- 35. L?nh t?o li¨ºn k?t (3) Inode v?t l? c?a t?p tin /etc/hostname v¨¤ inode c?a 2 li¨ºn k?t c?ng hostname.hlink1 v¨¤ hostname.hlink2 ??u l¨¤ 292 H?H Linux 35
- 36. L?nh t¨¬m chu?i trong t?p tin (1) ? L?nh: grep [tham s?] <'chu?i'> [t¨ºn t?p tin] ? T¨¬m v¨¤ hi?n th? c¨¢c d¨°ng v?n b?n c¨® ch?a 'chu?i' ? Tham s?: -e cho ph¨¦p ch? ??nh nhi?u chu?i t¨¬m ki?m ¡ú t¨¬m ki?m theo ?i?u ki?n OR gi?a c¨¢c chu?i. N?u c¨® nhi?u chu?i t¨¬m ki?m nh?ng kh?ng d¨´ng -e ¡ú ch? t¨¬m theo chu?i ??u ti¨ºn ? N?u kh?ng chir ??nh t¨ºn t?p tin th¨¬ m?c ??nh t¨¬m trong lu?ng nh?p chu?n ¡ú ph?i nh?p n?i dung t? b¨¤n ph¨ªm ¡ú th?c hi?n t¨¬m sau m?i d¨°ng ¡ú d?ng: Ctrl D H?H Linux 36
- 37. L?nh t¨¬m chu?i trong t?p tin (2) ? VD: Gi? s? c¨® t?p tin abc.txt: H?H Linux 37
- 38. L?nh t¨¬m chu?i trong t?p tin (3) H?H Linux 38
- 39. Li?t k¨º t?p tin theo t¨ºn (1) ? L?nh ls li?t k¨º t?p tin/th? m?c trong th? m?c x¨¢c ??nh ? L?nh grep t¨¬m chu?i trong 1 lu?ng nh?p (lu?ng nh?p chu?n, t?p tin, ??u v¨¤o kh¨¢c) ? K? hi?u | (?ng d?n): chuy?n k?t qu? l?nh ??ng tr??c ?ng d?n th¨¤nh ??u v¨¤o c?a l?nh ??ng sau ? => Chuy?n k?t qu? l?nh ls v¨¤o cho l?nh grep H?H Linux 39
- 40. Li?t k¨º t?p tin theo t¨ºn (2) ? Li?t k¨º c¨¢c t?p tin/th? m?c c¨® t¨ºn ch?a chu?i Dethi, DETHI, DeThi, dethi trong /media/Data1 H?H Linux 40
- 41. M?t s? l?nh kh¨¢c: ? L?nh ??c n?i dung t?p tin v?n b?n: ? more ? less ? head ? tail H?H Linux 41
- 42. T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng Nautilus (1) B2: Ch?n c?ng c? ? T?i c?a s? File Browser c?a Nautilus: B1: Ch?n v? tr¨ª c?n t¨¬m trong khung Places H?H Linux 42
- 43. T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng Nautilus (2) B3: Nh?p t¨ºn file K?t qu? t¨¬m ???c 43
- 44. T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh find (1) ? L?nh: find [???ng d?n] [tham s?] ? N?u kh?ng ch? ??nh ???ng d?n ¡ú t¨¬m trong th? m?c hi?n h¨¤nh. N?u kh?ng ch? ??nh tham s? ¡ú li?t k¨º t?t c? ? Tham s?: ? -empty: t¨¬m c¨¢c t?p tin/th? m?c r?ng ? -type <lo?i>: trong ?¨® <lo?i> l¨¤ 1 trong c¨¢c k? t?: ?d: th? m?c ?f: t?p tin ? -user <t¨ºn user>: thu?c s? h?u c?a ng??i d¨´ng <t¨ºn user> ? -group <t¨ºn nh¨®m>: thu?c s? h?u c?a nh¨®m <t¨ºn nh¨®m> H?H Linux 44
- 45. T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh find (2) ? -name <m?u>: trong ?¨® <m?u> ???c d¨´ng c¨¢c k? t? ??i di?n: *, ?, []; c¨¢c k? t? n¨¤y ph?i ??t sau k? t? ?find -name b* <=> t¨ºn b?t ??u b?ng ch? b ?find -name bt? <=> t¨ºn c¨® 3 k? t?, b?t ??u b?ng ch? bt ?find -name bt[3..5] <=> t¨ºn b?t ??u b?ng ch? bt, theo sau l¨¤ 1 k? s? 3, 4 ho?c 5 ?find -name b[a..t] <=> t¨ºn b?t ??u b?ng ch? bt, theo sau l¨¤ 1 k? t? trong kho?ng t? ch? a ??n ch? t trong b?ng ch? c¨¢i ?Ch¨² ?: -name <m?u> kh?ng ph?n bi?t ch? hoa, th??ng ? -iname <m?u>: t??ng t? nh? -name nh?ng ph?n bi?t ch? hoa, th??ng H?H Linux 45
- 46. T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh find (3) ? -size <n>[cbkMG]: k¨ªch th??c n ??n v?, v?i ??n v? l¨¤: ?b: block (<=> 512 byte) (m?c ??nh) ?c: byte ?k: kilobyte ?M: megabyte ?G: gigabyte ? Ngo¨¤i ra, c¨°n c¨¢c tham s? kh¨¢c li¨ºn quan ??n ng¨¤y c?p nh?t, quy?n h?n, ... H?H Linux 46
- 47. T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh locate (1) ? L?nh: locate [tham s?] <m?u> ? T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c c¨® t¨ºn ch?a <m?u> ? Tham s?: ? -b 't¨ºn': t¨¬m ch¨ªnh x¨¢c theo t¨ºn tranmai@tranmai-laptop:~$ locate -b 'passwd' /etc/passwd /etc/pam.d/passwd /usr/bin/passwd /usr/share/doc/passwd /usr/share/lintian/overrides/passwd ? -c (--count): ch? ??m s? t?p tin t¨¬m ???c tranmai@tranmai-laptop:~$ locate -b 'passwd' -c 5 H?H Linux 47
- 48. T¨¬m ki?m t?p tin/th? m?c d¨´ng l?nh locate (2) ? -i (--ignore-case): kh?ng ph?n bi?t ch? hoa, th??ng tranmai@tranmai-laptop:~$ locate -i passwd /etc/passwd /etc/passwd- /etc/pam.d/chpasswd /etc/pam.d/passwd /etc/security/opasswd /home/tranmai/PAsswd /home/tranmai/passwd Ch¨² ?: l?nh locate t¨¬m ki?m d?a v¨¤o CSDL h? th?ng t?p tin¡ú n?u t?p tin/th? m?c m?i v?a ???c t?o ¡ú ph?i ch?y l?nh: sudo updatedb ?? c?p nh?t CSDL ¡ú l?nh locate m?i t¨¬m th?y th? m?c v?a t?o H?H Linux 48
- 49. N¨¦n v¨¤ gi?i n¨¦n chu?n gz ? Hai chu?n n¨¦n t?p tin ph? bi?n trong Linux l¨¤ gz v¨¤ bz ? N¨¦n th¨¤nh t?p tin .gz ? N¨¦n: gzip <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> =>n¨¦n v¨¤ ghi ?¨¨ l¨ºn t?p tin ngu?n Ho?c: gzip <t¨ºn_t?p_tin1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin2> ... =>n¨¦n m?i t?p tin th¨¤nh 1 t?p tin n¨¦n v¨¤ ghi ?¨¨ l¨ºn c¨¢c t?p tin ngu?n ? Gi?i n¨¦n: gunzip <t¨ºn_t?p_tin.gz> Ho?c: gzip -d <t¨ºn_t?p_tin.gz> Ho?c: gunzip <t¨ºn_t?p_tin1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin2> ... =>gi?i n¨¦n v¨¤ ghi ?¨¨ l¨ºn t?p tin n¨¦n H?H Linux 49
- 50. N¨¦n v¨¤ gi?i n¨¦n chu?n bz2 ? N¨¦n th¨¤nh t?p tin .bz2 ? N¨¦n: bzip2 <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> =>n¨¦n v¨¤ ghi ?¨¨ l¨ºn t?p tin ngu?n Ho?c: bzip2 <t¨ºn_t?p_tin1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin2> ... =>n¨¦n m?i t?p tin th¨¤nh 1 t?p tin n¨¦n v¨¤ ghi ?¨¨ l¨ºn c¨¢c t?p tin ngu?n ? Gi?i n¨¦n: bunzip2 <t¨ºn_t?p_tin.gz> Ho?c: bzip -d <t¨ºn_t?p_tin.gz> Ho?c: bunzip2 <t¨ºn_t?p_tin1> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin2> ... =>gi?i n¨¦n v¨¤ ghi ?¨¨ l¨ºn t?p tin n¨¦n H?H Linux 50
- 51. L?nh tar (1) ? T?o b?n l?u tr? (gom c¨¢c t?p tin/ th? m?c) t?o th¨¤nh t?p tin .tar tar ¨Ccvf <t¨ºn_t?p_tin_?¨ªch> <t¨ºn_c¨¢c_t?p_tin/th?_m?c_ngu?n> VD: tar ¨Ccvf /home/backup.tar /etc/passwd /etc/group ? Bung c¨¢c t?p tin/ th? m?c v¨¤o th? m?c hi?n t?i tar ¨Cxvf <t¨ºn_t?p_tin.tar> VD: tar ¨Cxvf /home/backup.tar ? tar: vi?t t?t t? ¡°tape archive¡± ? M?t t?p tin tar (1 b?n l?u tr?): g?i l¨¤ 1 tarball 51 H?H Linux
- 52. L?nh tar (2) ? T?o tarball r?i n¨¦n tarball: ? Chu?n gz: tar -zcvf archived.tar.gz file1 file2 file3 ? Chu?n bz2: tar -jcvf archived.tar.bz2 file1 file2 file3 ? Gi?i n¨¦n r?i bung tarball: ? Chu?n gz: tar -zxvf archived.tar.gz file1 file2 file3 ? Chu?n bz2: tar -jxvf archived.tar.bz2 file1 file2 file3 H?H Linux 52
- 53. L?nh tar (3) ? C¨¢c tham s?: ? c: (--create): t?o m?i file archive ? x: (--extract, --get): bung file archive ? v: (--verbose): li?t k¨º danh s¨¢ch t?p tin (d¨´ng v?i tham s? f) ? f: li?t k¨º danh s¨¢ch t?p tin ? z: n¨¦n ho?c gi?i n¨¦n gz ? j: n¨¦n ho?c gi?i n¨¦n bz2 H?H Linux 53
- 54. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III.1. Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn HTTT III.2. Quy?n h?n m?c ??nh II.3. M?t s? thao t¨¢c thay ??i quy?n H?H Linux 54
- 55. III.1. Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin (1) ? T?t c? c¨¢c t?p tin c?a Linux ??u x¨¢c ??nh ng??i s? h?u v¨¤ quy?n truy c?p ? Xem quy?n h?n => th?c hi?n l?nh ls ¨Cl -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10326 Apr 12 12 08:42 info-dir 9 k? t? b¨ºn ph?i c?t ??u ti¨ºn ch? ra quy?n h?n tr¨ºn t?p tin ? 9 k? t? chia th¨¤nh 3 nh¨®m quy?n h?n cho l?n l??t 3 d?ng ng??i d¨´ng: ch? s? h?u, nh¨®m s? h?u v¨¤ c¨¢c ng??i d¨´ng kh¨¢c ? M?i nh¨®m 3 k? t? l?n l??t bi?u th? c¨¢c quy?n: read (r), write (w) v¨¤ execute (x). N?u kh?ng c¨® quy?n th¨¬ thay b?ng d?u - H?H Linux 55
- 56. III.1. Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin (2) ? M?t c¨¢ch kh¨¢c ?? bi?u th? quy?n h?n: Quy?n h?n c?a t?ng d?ng ng??i d¨´ng ???c bi?u th? d??i d?ng s? 3 bit, n?u c¨® quy?n th¨¬ bit ?¨® =1, ng??c l?i =0 ? Ch? c¨® quy?n read: 100 ~ 4 ? Ch? c¨® quy?n write: 010 ~ 2 ? Ch? c¨® quy?n execute: 001 ~ 1 ? Quy?n h?n c?a t?ng d?ng ng??i d¨´ng ???c t¨ªnh b?ng t?ng c¨¢c gi¨¢ tr? s? 4, 2, 1 ? VD: quy?n h?n t?p tin myFile l¨¤ 664 H?H Linux 56
- 57. III.1. Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin (3) ? Quy?n read: ??c n?i dung t?p tin, chuy?n v¨¤o v¨¤ xem n?i dung th? m?c ? Quy?n write: s?a n?i dung, x¨®a t?p tin. T?o, ??i t¨ºn, x¨®a t?p tin b¨ºn trong th? m?c m¨¤ kh?ng ph? thu?c quy?n h?n tr¨ºn c¨¢c t?p tin ?¨® ? Quy?n execute: th?c thi t?p tin ch??ng tr¨¬nh. Ch? c¨® th? chuy?n v¨¤o b¨ºn trong th? m?c ? Ng??i c¨® quy?n ??c th¨¬ c¨® quy?n copy t?p tin. Khi ?¨®: t?p tin copy ???c s? thu?c s? h?u c?a ng??i copy H?H Linux 57
- 58. III.1. Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin (4) ? N?u nh¨®m s? h?u c¨® quy?n tr¨ºn 1 t?p tin th¨¬ t?t c? c¨¢c ng??i d¨´ng thu?c nh¨®m ?¨® (tr? ch? s? h?u) c?ng c¨® quy?n t??ng t? tr¨ºn t?p tin ?¨® ? VD: Ng??i d¨´ng tranmai v¨¤ ng??i d¨´ng user01 ??u thu?c nh¨®m tranmai. Ng??i d¨´ng tranmai t?o t?p tin /home/tranmai/TempFile v¨¤ g¨¢n quy?n nh? sau: r¡ªrw-r--. Khi ?¨® ng??i d¨´ng tranmai kh?ng ???c s?a n?i dung c?a TempFile nh?ng ng??i d¨´ng user01 th¨¬ ???c ph¨¦p H?H Linux 58
- 59. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III.1. Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn HTTT III.2. Quy?n h?n m?c ??nh II.3. M?t s? thao t¨¢c thay ??i quy?n H?H Linux 59
- 60. III.2. Quy?n h?n m?c ??nh (1) ? Khi t?o 1 t?p tin ho?c th? m?c th¨¬ c¨¢c quy?n h?n (permission) ???c g¨¢n m?c ??nh: ? T?p tin: rw-r¡ªr-- ? Th? m?c: rwxr-xr-x ? Umask (User-Mask) v¨¤ Base Permission: Khi m?t t?p tin hay th? m?c ???c t?o ra th¨¬ c¨¢c quy?n h?n truy c?p ??i v?i ch¨²ng (read, write, execute) cho c¨¢c ch? th? (owner, group, others) s? ???c x¨¢c ??nh d?a tr¨ºn hai gi¨¢ tr? l¨¤ quy?n truy nh?p c? s? (base permission) v¨¤ m?t n? (mask). H?H Linux 60
- 61. III.2. Quy?n h?n m?c ??nh (2) Base Permission l¨¤ gi¨¢ tr? ???c thi?t l?p s?n t? tr??c, v¨¤ ta kh?ng th? thay ??i ???c ? T?p tin: base permission l¨¤ 666 (rw-rw-rw-) ? Th? m?c: base permission l¨¤ 777 (rwxrwxrwx) ? Mask l¨¤ gi¨¢ tr? ???c thi?t l?p b?i ng??i d¨´ng b?ng l?nh umask ? Gi¨¢ tr? Mask s? ¡°che ?i¡± m?t s? bit trong Base Permission ?? t?o ra quy?n truy c?p ch¨ªnh th?c cho t?p tin/th? m?c. ? C? th?, quy?n truy c?p ch¨ªnh th?c ???c t¨ªnh b?ng c¨¢ch l?y ¡°gi¨¢ tr? nh? ph?n c?a Base permission ¡±AND¡° d?ng bi?u di?n b¨´ 1 c?a mask¡± H?H Linux 61
- 62. III.2. Quy?n h?n m?c ??nh (3) ? VD1: V¨¬ Base Permission c?a t?p tin lu?n l¨¤ 666 (t?c 110110110 khi chuy?n sang d?ng nh? ph?n), n¨ºn n?u gi¨¢ tr? mask l¨¤ 022 (c¨® d?ng nh? ph?n l¨¤ 000010010 => d?ng b¨´ 1 c?a n¨® th¨¬ chuy?n 1->0, 0->1 n¨ºn ta ???c 111101101) th¨¬ quy?n truy nh?p ch¨ªnh th?c c?a file s? l¨¤: 110 110 110 AND 111 101 101 = 110 100 100 = 644 (rw-r¨Cr¨C) VD2: T??ng t?, v?i th? m?c: 777 <=> 111 111 111 022 <=> 000 010 010 => b¨´ 1 l¨¤ 111 101 101 111 111 111 AND 111 101 101 = 111 101 101 = 755 (rwxr-xr-x) H?H Linux 62
- 63. III.2. Quy?n h?n m?c ??nh (4) L?nh umask cho ph¨¦p xem v¨¤ thay ??i m?t n? hi?n t?i Xem m?t n?: umask ho?c umask -S Thay m? n?: umask <gi¨¢ tr? m?t n?> H?H Linux 63
- 64. H? th?ng t?p tin N?i dung: I Gi?i thi?u Terminal v¨¤ Shell II M?t s? thao t¨¢c tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn h? th?ng t?p tin III.1. Quy?n h?n tr¨ºn HTTT III.2. Quy?n h?n m?c ??nh II.3. M?t s? thao t¨¢c thay ??i quy?n H?H Linux 64
- 65. Thay ??i quy?n c?a t?p tin/th? m?c (1) ? Ch? c¨® ch? s? h?u ho?c super user m?i th?c hi?n ???c vi?c n¨¤y ? D?ng tuy?t ??i: chmod <d?ng_ng??i_d¨´ng><thao_t¨¢c> <quy?n_h?n> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ? D?ng ng??i d¨´ng: u (ch? s? h?u), g (nh¨®m s? h?u), o (ng??i d¨´ng kh¨¢c), a (t?t c?) ? Thao t¨¢c: + (th¨ºm quy?n), - (x¨®a quy?n), = (ch? th¨ºm quy?n ???c ch? ??nh, c¨¢c quy?n kh¨¢c b? x¨®a) ? Quy?n h?n: r, w, x ? VD1: chmod go-w myFile (x¨®a quy?n write c?a nh¨®m v¨¤ ng??i d¨´ng kh¨¢c) ? VD2: chmod ugo+wxr gom.tar.gz (th¨ºm t?t c? quy?n cho m?i ng??i d¨´ng) ? VD3: chmod ugo=r gom.tar.gz (th¨ºm quy?n read ??ng th?i x¨®a c¨¢c 65 quy?n kh¨¢c cho m?i ng??i d¨´ng) H?H Linux
- 66. Thay ??i quy?n c?a t?p tin/th? m?c (2) ? Tr??ng h?p m?i d?ng ng??i d¨´ng ???c th¨ºm, b?t quy?n kh¨¢c nhau: d¨´ng d?u ph?y ?? ng?n c¨¢ch (kh?ng c¨® kho?ng tr?ng tr??c ho?c sau d?u ph?y) ? VD4: chmod u-w,o-xr gom.tar.gz (x¨®a quy?n write c?a ch? s? h?u, x¨®a quy?n read v¨¤ excute c?a ng??i d¨´ng kh¨¢c) ? D?ng t??ng ??i: chmod <gi¨¢_tr?_s?_quy?n_h?n> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ? VD: chmod 755 myFile (ch? s? h?u c¨® t?t c? quy?n, nh¨®m v¨¤ ng??i d¨´ng kh¨¢c ch? ??c v¨¤ th?c thi) H?H Linux 66
- 67. Thay ??i ch? s? h?u c?a t?p tin/th? m?c (1) ? Ch? c¨® ch? s? h?u ho?c super user m?i th?c hi?n ???c vi?c n¨¤y ? C¨² ph¨¢p: chown [tham s?] [ch? s? h?u m?i][:nh¨®m s? h?u m?i] <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ? Tham s?: ? -R, --recursive: thay ??i c? nh¨¢nh th? m?c ? -v, --verbose: li?t k¨º c¨¢c t?p tin th?c hi?n thay ??i ? Ch? s? h?u m?i: t¨ºn ng??i d¨´ng ho?c UID ? Nh¨®m s? h?u m?i: t¨ºn nh¨®m ho?c GID ? N?u ghi d?u : m¨¤ kh?ng ghi t¨ºn nh¨®m th¨¬ m?c ??nh l¨¤ nh¨®m ch¨ªnh c?a ch? s? h?u (login group) ? N?u ghi [:nh¨®m s? h?u] m¨¤ kh?ng ghi t¨ºn ch? s? h?u th¨¬ ch? thay ??i nh¨®m s? h?u (t??ng t? l?nh chgrp) ? Ch¨² ?: tr??c sau d?u hai ch?m kh?ng c¨® kho?ng tr?ng H?H Linux 67
- 68. Thay ??i ch? s? h?u c?a t?p tin/th? m?c (2) ? VD: ? sudo chown user01 gom.tar.gz (ch? s? h?u m?i l¨¤ user01) ? sudo chown root: gom.tar.gz (ch? s? h?u m?i l¨¤ root, nh¨®m s? h?u m?i l¨¤ nh¨®m root) ? sudo chown tranmai: gom.tar.gz (ch? s? h?u m?i l¨¤ tranmai, nh¨®m s? h?u m?i l¨¤ nh¨®m tranmai) ? sudo chown :admin gom.tar.gz (nh¨®m s? h?u m?i l¨¤ nh¨®m admin) ? Ng??i d¨´ng user01 ???c t?o ra thu?c nh¨®m tranmai: sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -m -g tranmai user01 ? sudo chown user01: gom.tar.gz (ch? s? h?u m?i l¨¤ user01, nh¨®m s? h?u m?i l¨¤ nh¨®m tranmai) H?H Linux 68
- 69. Thay ??i nh¨®m s? h?u c?a t?p tin/th? m?c ? Ch? c¨® ch? s? h?u ho?c super user m?i th?c hi?n ???c vi?c n¨¤y ? C¨² ph¨¢p: chgrp [tham s?] <nh¨®m s? h?u m?i> <t¨ºn_t?p_tin> ? Tham s?: ? -R, --recursive: thay ??i c? nh¨¢nh th? m?c ? -v, --verbose: li?t k¨º c¨¢c t?p tin th?c hi?n thay ??i ? Nh¨®m s? h?u m?i: t¨ºn nh¨®m ho?c GID ? VD: chgrp admin abc.txt (nh¨®m s? h?u c?a t?p tin abc.txt l¨¤ nh¨®m admin) H?H Linux 69
- 70. Thay ??i quy?n tr¨ºn giao di?n Ubuntu ? Click ph?i v¨¤o t?p tin/ th? m?c ¡ú Properties ¡ú tab Permissions ? Owner: ch? s? h?u ? Group: nh¨®m s? h?u ? Others: ng??i d¨´ng kh¨¢c => Ch?n c¨¢c quy?n read v¨¤ write trong combo Access ? Execute: n?u check v¨¤o ¡°Allow executing file as program¡± th¨¬ m?i ng??i d¨´ng ??u c¨® quy?n x H?H Linux 70
- 71. Qu?n l? file v?i Midnight Commander ? C¨¤i g¨®i mc ¡ú v¨¤o terminal g? mc H?H Linux 71