際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Material failure

Download as PPTX, PDF
G
gillilogu

The document summarizes two material failure incidents: 1) The Titanic ship failure in 1912 where approximately 1,500 people died after the ship collided with an iceberg. Theories suggest failure was due to brittle fracture of rivets or the plain carbon steel hull. Contributing factors included low water temperature, high impact speed, and high sulfur content in the steel. 2) The Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 where a leak of methyl isocyanate gas from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in India exposed thousands and caused over 3,000 deaths. Water entered a tank containing the toxic gas, causing an exothermic reaction and release of 30 metric tons of gas into the atmosphere.

1 of 18
Download to read offline
Material failure Examples Prepared By Er.L.Loganathan, M.E., (Ph.D). Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical engineering, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology, Virudhunagar.
Titanic Ship failure(1,500 people Died) Theory 1 Multiple rivet failures upon collision with iceberg failed because of brittle fracture Theory 2 Failure of the steel hull upon collision with iceberg
Material used Rivet - wrought iron steel hull - plain carbon
Three factors 1. The water temperature was below freezing 2. Titanic was traveling at a high speed on impact with the iceberg 3. hull steel contained high levels of sulphur
Material failure
Ductile to brittle Transition
Material failure
Effect of sulphur The test showed high levels of both oxygen and sulphur, which implies that the steel was semi-kilned low carbon steel, made using the open-hearth process. High oxygen content leads to an increased ductile-to- brittle transition temperature, which was determined as 25 to 35属C for the Titanic steel.
Modern steels Most modern steels would need to be chilled below -60属C before they exhibited similar behavior like Titanic
Bhopal gas tragedy
Bhopal gas tragedy Bhopal gas tragedy, a disaster that happened by a Gas leak is considered as one of the world's worst Industrial catastrophes that occurred on the night of December 23, 1984 at the Union carbide India Limited (UCIL) Pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release .
Material failure
Material failure
Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) A leak of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of thousands of people. The toxic substance spread its way in and around the neighborhood located near the plant. That Resulted in a very high death toll Exposure to low levels of methyl isocyanate can cause eye and throat irritation. People exposed to high levels of methyl isocyanate in the air have experienced severe lung and eye damage
How Happened? Water entered Tank E610 containing 40 tons of MIC. The resulting in exothermic reaction which increased the temperature inside the tank to over 200 属C(392 属F) and raised the pressure. About 30 metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) escaped from the tank into the atmosphere, which got added to a weak wind which frequently changed direction, which in turn helped the gas to cover more area in a shorter period of time (about one hour).
Material failure
Material failure
Material failure

More Related Content

Material failure

  • 1. Material failure Examples Prepared By Er.L.Loganathan, M.E., (Ph.D). Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical engineering, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology, Virudhunagar.
  • 2. Titanic Ship failure(1,500 people Died) Theory 1 Multiple rivet failures upon collision with iceberg failed because of brittle fracture Theory 2 Failure of the steel hull upon collision with iceberg
  • 3. Material used Rivet - wrought iron steel hull - plain carbon
  • 4. Three factors 1. The water temperature was below freezing 2. Titanic was traveling at a high speed on impact with the iceberg 3. hull steel contained high levels of sulphur
  • 6. Ductile to brittle Transition
  • 8. Effect of sulphur The test showed high levels of both oxygen and sulphur, which implies that the steel was semi-kilned low carbon steel, made using the open-hearth process. High oxygen content leads to an increased ductile-to- brittle transition temperature, which was determined as 25 to 35属C for the Titanic steel.
  • 9. Modern steels Most modern steels would need to be chilled below -60属C before they exhibited similar behavior like Titanic
  • 11. Bhopal gas tragedy Bhopal gas tragedy, a disaster that happened by a Gas leak is considered as one of the world's worst Industrial catastrophes that occurred on the night of December 23, 1984 at the Union carbide India Limited (UCIL) Pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release .
  • 14. Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) A leak of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of thousands of people. The toxic substance spread its way in and around the neighborhood located near the plant. That Resulted in a very high death toll Exposure to low levels of methyl isocyanate can cause eye and throat irritation. People exposed to high levels of methyl isocyanate in the air have experienced severe lung and eye damage
  • 15. How Happened? Water entered Tank E610 containing 40 tons of MIC. The resulting in exothermic reaction which increased the temperature inside the tank to over 200 属C(392 属F) and raised the pressure. About 30 metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) escaped from the tank into the atmosphere, which got added to a weak wind which frequently changed direction, which in turn helped the gas to cover more area in a shorter period of time (about one hour).