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C20 Unit 1 3 Energy And Changes

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Michel Laocursiere

There are three types of changes in matter: 1) Phase changes involve a change in state without a change in chemical composition, such as water changing between solid, liquid, and gas forms. Energy is absorbed or released during these changes. 2) Chemical changes involve a change in chemical composition, as seen through color changes, formation of solids/gases, or energy absorption/release. An example is the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen gases to form water. 3) Nuclear changes involve altering the composition of an element's nucleus through processes like fission, fusion, and radioactive decay. Energy is released or absorbed during these changes.

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Changes in Matter Physical Changes: - There are three major types of energy changes: - phase, chemical and nuclear . Phase Change: - There is no change in chemical composition , only the change in phase is noted. As a substance changes from one phase to another, it either absorbs energy ( endothermic change ) or releases energy ( exothermic change ). - Example: H 2 O (s) H 2 O (l)
Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Melting Fusion Vapourization Ionization Sublimation De-ionization Condensation Freezing Solidification Deposition
Chemical Change: - The reactant(s) have different chemical composition than the product(s). - Evidence of a chemical change occurring: - colour change - formation of a solid ( precipitate ) in a solution - production of a gas ( bubbling ) - energy change ( heat being lost or absorbed ) Example: 2 H 2 O (l) O 2(g) + 2 H 2(g)
Nuclear Change or Transmutation: - One kind of element is changed to form another kind of element . Fission : splitting of atoms Examples: Alpha Decay Beta Decay Fusion : atoms coming together Example: atomic mass protons alpha emission - 留: alpha particles or helium nuclei ( ) electron emission
Energy and Matter Kinetic Energy : - energy of motion - the mass of an object and how fast it is moving determines the total energy it has Potential Energy : - stored energy - may be due to: - an objects vertical position relative to another object - energy used to push atoms apart - used to hold subatomic particles together Example : A car travelling at has less energy than when it is moving at .
Examples : - a ball held 1 m above the ground has more potential energy than being held 0.5 m above the ground - gasoline has potential energy stored in chemical bonds - splitting atoms releases stored nuclear energy that holds the subatomic particles together
Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another . Energy Kinetic Potential Heat Mechanical Sound Electrical Light Chemical Nuclear Gravitational

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C20 Unit 1 3 Energy And Changes

  • 1. Changes in Matter Physical Changes: - There are three major types of energy changes: - phase, chemical and nuclear . Phase Change: - There is no change in chemical composition , only the change in phase is noted. As a substance changes from one phase to another, it either absorbs energy ( endothermic change ) or releases energy ( exothermic change ). - Example: H 2 O (s) H 2 O (l)
  • 2. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Melting Fusion Vapourization Ionization Sublimation De-ionization Condensation Freezing Solidification Deposition
  • 3. Chemical Change: - The reactant(s) have different chemical composition than the product(s). - Evidence of a chemical change occurring: - colour change - formation of a solid ( precipitate ) in a solution - production of a gas ( bubbling ) - energy change ( heat being lost or absorbed ) Example: 2 H 2 O (l) O 2(g) + 2 H 2(g)
  • 4. Nuclear Change or Transmutation: - One kind of element is changed to form another kind of element . Fission : splitting of atoms Examples: Alpha Decay Beta Decay Fusion : atoms coming together Example: atomic mass protons alpha emission - 留: alpha particles or helium nuclei ( ) electron emission
  • 5. Energy and Matter Kinetic Energy : - energy of motion - the mass of an object and how fast it is moving determines the total energy it has Potential Energy : - stored energy - may be due to: - an objects vertical position relative to another object - energy used to push atoms apart - used to hold subatomic particles together Example : A car travelling at has less energy than when it is moving at .
  • 6. Examples : - a ball held 1 m above the ground has more potential energy than being held 0.5 m above the ground - gasoline has potential energy stored in chemical bonds - splitting atoms releases stored nuclear energy that holds the subatomic particles together
  • 7. Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another . Energy Kinetic Potential Heat Mechanical Sound Electrical Light Chemical Nuclear Gravitational