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environmental economics economic growth equilibrium characteristics aggregate demand and supply aps mps pareto optimality general equilibrium short and long run liquidity preference monopoly role of monetary policy macro economics phillip's curve externalities pigovian tax limit pricing collusion different types of costs oligoply cartels paul sweezy's kinked demand curve mergers short run and long run equilibriu chamberlin monopolistic competition price heroic assumptions different types of price discrimination tr ar and mr conditions for profit maximisation lerner's index profit maximisation loss minimisation short run revenue curves for pc and monopoly shut down point perfect competition long run equilibriu equilinbrium of a firm in pc and monopoly revenue real wage rate and unemployment inverse relationship milton friedman monetarist theory of inflation real cash balance ratio less developed countries balanced allocation ratio structural inflation prebisch is-lm curves money market and goods market lm curve money supply rate of interest rate of interest and ny real market and money market hicks and hansen derivation of is curve i-s curve savings deposits vs. liquid cash baumol's demand for money visits to the bank portfolio of assets tobin's demand for money rate of return risky vs. safe assets patinkin's real balance effect demand for money absolute vs. relative prices classical vs. neo classical theory of prices total utility equilibrium of consumer under indifference curve budget line equilibrium of consumer marginal utiltiy shift in demand vs increase/decrease in demand factors influencing demand demand curve and schedu different types of price elasticities of demand elasticity of demand micro assumptions fallacy of composition defini definition and scope of sustainable development brundtland hartwick's rule weak sustainability sustainable development travel costs dose response hedonic price avoided costs contingent valuation methods willingness to pay post keynesian growth model golden ages economic growth model marketable permits public goods rival goods envelope curve long run costs variable short run cost curves and total costs short run production function long run returns to scale law of variable proportions factors affecting supply market supply elasticity of supply supply analysis demand and supply interactions conditions where no equilibrium exists market equilibriu milton friedman's theory of consumption modigliani's theory of consumption diagrammatic representation keynes' saving function mpc apc keynesian consumption function aggregate income hypothesis keynesian economics relative income hypothesis duesenberry kuznets paradox effective demand disequilibriu ordinal utility quesnay preclassical economic thought table economic role of entrepreneur innovations decline of capitalism schumpeter sms holling strong and very strong sustainability theories pearce common and perrings value heterogeneous goods stationary state distribution product exhaustion theorem euler's theorem wicksteed samuelson and hicks labour theory of value subsistence theory of wages wage funds theory marginal theory of wages political economy adam smith's defintion robbins and schumpeter definition marx marshall growth of capitalism physiocrats natural law distribution and valuation lucas costs of education benefits of education allocation to education in india health economics features of health economics scope of health economics kenneth arrow and health economics inflation demand pull inflation cost push inflation wage price spiral methods to control inflation monetary policy to control inflation fiscal policy to control inflation labour embodied labour commanded adam smith natural price market price bare hands production industrial pollution csr telangana pollution bod levels compensation red industries polluter pays labour embodied theory of value one commodity world relationship between growth invariant measure of value allocations to control inflation role of fiscal policy government policy to stabilise the economy existence of equil stability of equil uniqueness of equil market equibrium edgeworth box contact curve efficiency in production production possibility curve transformation curve consumer's equilibrium ppc and c edgeworth box scitovsky paradox kaldor hicks criterio compensation principle properties of indifference curves stagflation criticism of phillip's curve the natural rate of unemployment schumpeter's theory phases of cycles trade and business cycle causes of hicks samuelson's theory monetary policy quantitative and qualitative methods central bank functions business cycle stabilisation international methods to stabilise stabilisation social marginal costs and benefits causes of market failure decreasing returns sales vs. profits different objective of firm baumol's theory of sales maximisation managers vs. owners' objectives sales expenditure profits layers williamson's model managerial discretion potential entry of firms oligopoly entry preventing price different firm sizes marginal productivity theory of distribution micro theory of welfare scitovsky double criterion social welfare type involuntary unemp unemployment policies to increase emp disguised unempl voluntary unemp in india bergman grand utility possilibility constrained bliss point social welfare function utility possibility curve subsidies walras and wicksell