This document summarizes research on type 2 diabetes and new treatment options involving incretin hormones. It includes the following key points: 1. Incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP are secreted by the gut in response to food and act to regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon secretion. 2. In type 2 diabetes patients, the normal incretin effect is reduced. New therapies seek to replace or enhance the effects of incretins. 3. Two approaches are examined: incretin analogues like exenatide that mimic GLP-1 and have a longer half-life, and DPP-4 inhibitors like sitagliptin that prevent the