�ݺ�ߣshows by User: BipulDeka

�ݺ�ߣshows by User: BipulDeka / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif �ݺ�ߣshows by User: BipulDeka / Tue, 28 Apr 2015 11:58:03 GMT �ݺ�ߣShare feed for �ݺ�ߣshows by User: BipulDeka Shikimik acid pathway /slideshow/shikimik-acid-pathway/47522773 shikimikacidpathway-150428115803-conversion-gate01
Commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi the Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from which it was first isolated in 1885 by Johan Fredrik Eykman. The elucidation of its structure was made nearly 50 years later. Shikimic acid is also the glycoside part of some hydrolysable tannins. The shikimate pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites, and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). This pathway is not found in animals; therefore, phenylalanine and tryptophan represent essential amino acids that must be obtained from the animal's diet Animals can synthesize tyrosine from phenylalanine, and therefore is not an essential amino acid except for individuals unable to hydroxylate phenylalanine to tyrosine).]]>
Commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi the Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from which it was first isolated in 1885 by Johan Fredrik Eykman. The elucidation of its structure was made nearly 50 years later. Shikimic acid is also the glycoside part of some hydrolysable tannins. The shikimate pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites, and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). This pathway is not found in animals; therefore, phenylalanine and tryptophan represent essential amino acids that must be obtained from the animal's diet Animals can synthesize tyrosine from phenylalanine, and therefore is not an essential amino acid except for individuals unable to hydroxylate phenylalanine to tyrosine).]]> Tue, 28 Apr 2015 11:58:03 GMT /slideshow/shikimik-acid-pathway/47522773 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) Shikimik acid pathway BipulDeka Commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi the Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from which it was first isolated in 1885 by Johan Fredrik Eykman. The elucidation of its structure was made nearly 50 years later. Shikimic acid is also the glycoside part of some hydrolysable tannins. The shikimate pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites, and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). This pathway is not found in animals; therefore, phenylalanine and tryptophan represent essential amino acids that must be obtained from the animal's diet Animals can synthesize tyrosine from phenylalanine, and therefore is not an essential amino acid except for individuals unable to hydroxylate phenylalanine to tyrosine). <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/shikimikacidpathway-150428115803-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi the Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from which it was first isolated in 1885 by Johan Fredrik Eykman. The elucidation of its structure was made nearly 50 years later. Shikimic acid is also the glycoside part of some hydrolysable tannins. The shikimate pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites, and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). This pathway is not found in animals; therefore, phenylalanine and tryptophan represent essential amino acids that must be obtained from the animal's diet Animals can synthesize tyrosine from phenylalanine, and therefore is not an essential amino acid except for individuals unable to hydroxylate phenylalanine to tyrosine).

Shikimik acid pathway from Dibrugarh University

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0 Methods of Assessing Bioavailability /slideshow/bioavailabilityppt-140930002953phpapp012/47521805 bioavailabilityppt-140930002953-phpapp012-150428113617-conversion-gate02
1. Measurement of Bioavailability: Direct and indirect methods may be used to assess drug bioavailability. The in-vivo bioavailability of a drug product is demonstrated by the rate and extent of drug absorption, as determined by comparison of measured parameters, e.g., concentration of the active drug ingredient in the blood, cumulative urinary excretion rates, or pharmacological effects. For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action. The design of the bioavailability study depends on the objectives of the study, the ability to analyze the drug (and metabolites) in biological fluids, the pharmacodynamics of the drug substance, the route of drug administration, and the nature of the drug product. Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameters as well as clinical observations and in-vitro studies may be used to determine drug bioavailability from a drug product. 1.1. Pharmacokinetic methods: These are very widely used and based upon the assumption that the pharmacokinetic profile reflects the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. Thus these are indirect methods. The two major pharmacokinetic methods are: The major pharmacokinetic methods are:  Plasma / blood level time profile. o Time for peak plasma (blood) concentration (t max) o Peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) o Area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC)  Urinary excretion studies. o Cumulative amount of drug excreted in the urine (Du) o Rate of drug excretion in the urine (dDu/dt) o Time for maximum urinary excretion (t)  C. Other biological fluids 1.2. Pharmacodynamic methods: IT involves direct measurement of drug effect on a (patho) physiological process as a function of time. Disadvantages of it may be high variability, difficult to measure, limited choices, less reliable, more subjective, drug response influenced by several physiological & environmental factors. They involve determination of bioavailability from:  Acute pharmacological response.  Therapeutic response. 1.3. In-vitro dissolution studies  Closed compartment apparatus  Open compartment apparatus  Dialysis systems. 1.4. Clinical observations  Well-controlled clinical trials]]>
1. Measurement of Bioavailability: Direct and indirect methods may be used to assess drug bioavailability. The in-vivo bioavailability of a drug product is demonstrated by the rate and extent of drug absorption, as determined by comparison of measured parameters, e.g., concentration of the active drug ingredient in the blood, cumulative urinary excretion rates, or pharmacological effects. For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action. The design of the bioavailability study depends on the objectives of the study, the ability to analyze the drug (and metabolites) in biological fluids, the pharmacodynamics of the drug substance, the route of drug administration, and the nature of the drug product. Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameters as well as clinical observations and in-vitro studies may be used to determine drug bioavailability from a drug product. 1.1. Pharmacokinetic methods: These are very widely used and based upon the assumption that the pharmacokinetic profile reflects the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. Thus these are indirect methods. The two major pharmacokinetic methods are: The major pharmacokinetic methods are:  Plasma / blood level time profile. o Time for peak plasma (blood) concentration (t max) o Peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) o Area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC)  Urinary excretion studies. o Cumulative amount of drug excreted in the urine (Du) o Rate of drug excretion in the urine (dDu/dt) o Time for maximum urinary excretion (t)  C. Other biological fluids 1.2. Pharmacodynamic methods: IT involves direct measurement of drug effect on a (patho) physiological process as a function of time. Disadvantages of it may be high variability, difficult to measure, limited choices, less reliable, more subjective, drug response influenced by several physiological & environmental factors. They involve determination of bioavailability from:  Acute pharmacological response.  Therapeutic response. 1.3. In-vitro dissolution studies  Closed compartment apparatus  Open compartment apparatus  Dialysis systems. 1.4. Clinical observations  Well-controlled clinical trials]]> Tue, 28 Apr 2015 11:36:17 GMT /slideshow/bioavailabilityppt-140930002953phpapp012/47521805 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) Methods of Assessing Bioavailability BipulDeka 1. Measurement of Bioavailability: Direct and indirect methods may be used to assess drug bioavailability. The in-vivo bioavailability of a drug product is demonstrated by the rate and extent of drug absorption, as determined by comparison of measured parameters, e.g., concentration of the active drug ingredient in the blood, cumulative urinary excretion rates, or pharmacological effects. For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action. The design of the bioavailability study depends on the objectives of the study, the ability to analyze the drug (and metabolites) in biological fluids, the pharmacodynamics of the drug substance, the route of drug administration, and the nature of the drug product. Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameters as well as clinical observations and in-vitro studies may be used to determine drug bioavailability from a drug product. 1.1. Pharmacokinetic methods: These are very widely used and based upon the assumption that the pharmacokinetic profile reflects the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. Thus these are indirect methods. The two major pharmacokinetic methods are: The major pharmacokinetic methods are:  Plasma / blood level time profile. o Time for peak plasma (blood) concentration (t max) o Peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) o Area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC)  Urinary excretion studies. o Cumulative amount of drug excreted in the urine (Du) o Rate of drug excretion in the urine (dDu/dt) o Time for maximum urinary excretion (t)  C. Other biological fluids 1.2. Pharmacodynamic methods: IT involves direct measurement of drug effect on a (patho) physiological process as a function of time. Disadvantages of it may be high variability, difficult to measure, limited choices, less reliable, more subjective, drug response influenced by several physiological & environmental factors. They involve determination of bioavailability from:  Acute pharmacological response.  Therapeutic response. 1.3. In-vitro dissolution studies  Closed compartment apparatus  Open compartment apparatus  Dialysis systems. 1.4. Clinical observations  Well-controlled clinical trials <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bioavailabilityppt-140930002953-phpapp012-150428113617-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> 1. Measurement of Bioavailability: Direct and indirect methods may be used to assess drug bioavailability. The in-vivo bioavailability of a drug product is demonstrated by the rate and extent of drug absorption, as determined by comparison of measured parameters, e.g., concentration of the active drug ingredient in the blood, cumulative urinary excretion rates, or pharmacological effects. For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action. The design of the bioavailability study depends on the objectives of the study, the ability to analyze the drug (and metabolites) in biological fluids, the pharmacodynamics of the drug substance, the route of drug administration, and the nature of the drug product. Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameters as well as clinical observations and in-vitro studies may be used to determine drug bioavailability from a drug product. 1.1. Pharmacokinetic methods: These are very widely used and based upon the assumption that the pharmacokinetic profile reflects the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. Thus these are indirect methods. The two major pharmacokinetic methods are: The major pharmacokinetic methods are:  Plasma / blood level time profile. o Time for peak plasma (blood) concentration (t max) o Peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) o Area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC)  Urinary excretion studies. o Cumulative amount of drug excreted in the urine (Du) o Rate of drug excretion in the urine (dDu/dt) o Time for maximum urinary excretion (t)  C. Other biological fluids 1.2. Pharmacodynamic methods: IT involves direct measurement of drug effect on a (patho) physiological process as a function of time. Disadvantages of it may be high variability, difficult to measure, limited choices, less reliable, more subjective, drug response influenced by several physiological & environmental factors. They involve determination of bioavailability from:  Acute pharmacological response.  Therapeutic response. 1.3. In-vitro dissolution studies  Closed compartment apparatus  Open compartment apparatus  Dialysis systems. 1.4. Clinical observations  Well-controlled clinical trials

Methods of Assessing Bioavailability from Dibrugarh University

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0 preservation of semisolids /slideshow/preservation-of-semisolids/47296396 mkdcosmo-150422113744-conversion-gate02
Chemical preservatives for semisolids must be carefully evaluated for their stability with regard to the other components of the formulation as well as to the container. Plastic containers may absorb the preservative and thereby decrease the quantity available for inhibiting or destroying the microorganism’s responsible for spoilage. Some preservatives may sting or irritate the mucous tissues of the eye or nasal passages. Methylparabens and propylparabens tend to be more irritating when applied in the nose than quaternary ammonium compounds or the phenylmercuric salts. Boric acid may be used in the ophthalmic preparations, but is omitted from products to be used in the nose because of possible toxic effects if absorbed in large quantities.]]>
Chemical preservatives for semisolids must be carefully evaluated for their stability with regard to the other components of the formulation as well as to the container. Plastic containers may absorb the preservative and thereby decrease the quantity available for inhibiting or destroying the microorganism’s responsible for spoilage. Some preservatives may sting or irritate the mucous tissues of the eye or nasal passages. Methylparabens and propylparabens tend to be more irritating when applied in the nose than quaternary ammonium compounds or the phenylmercuric salts. Boric acid may be used in the ophthalmic preparations, but is omitted from products to be used in the nose because of possible toxic effects if absorbed in large quantities.]]> Wed, 22 Apr 2015 11:37:44 GMT /slideshow/preservation-of-semisolids/47296396 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) preservation of semisolids BipulDeka Chemical preservatives for semisolids must be carefully evaluated for their stability with regard to the other components of the formulation as well as to the container. Plastic containers may absorb the preservative and thereby decrease the quantity available for inhibiting or destroying the microorganism’s responsible for spoilage. Some preservatives may sting or irritate the mucous tissues of the eye or nasal passages. Methylparabens and propylparabens tend to be more irritating when applied in the nose than quaternary ammonium compounds or the phenylmercuric salts. Boric acid may be used in the ophthalmic preparations, but is omitted from products to be used in the nose because of possible toxic effects if absorbed in large quantities. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mkdcosmo-150422113744-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Chemical preservatives for semisolids must be carefully evaluated for their stability with regard to the other components of the formulation as well as to the container. Plastic containers may absorb the preservative and thereby decrease the quantity available for inhibiting or destroying the microorganism’s responsible for spoilage. Some preservatives may sting or irritate the mucous tissues of the eye or nasal passages. Methylparabens and propylparabens tend to be more irritating when applied in the nose than quaternary ammonium compounds or the phenylmercuric salts. Boric acid may be used in the ophthalmic preparations, but is omitted from products to be used in the nose because of possible toxic effects if absorbed in large quantities.

preservation of semisolids from Dibrugarh University

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0 Industrial Training Report: Ozone pharmaceuticals /slideshow/ozone-pharmaceuticals/46578206 ozonepharmame-150402083456-conversion-gate01
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]]> Thu, 02 Apr 2015 08:34:56 GMT /slideshow/ozone-pharmaceuticals/46578206 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) Industrial Training Report: Ozone pharmaceuticals BipulDeka <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ozonepharmame-150402083456-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" />

Industrial Training Report: Ozone pharmaceuticals from Dibrugarh University

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0 laws of demand and supply /slideshow/laws-of/46577926 newmicrosoftworddocument-150402082737-conversion-gate01
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]]> Thu, 02 Apr 2015 08:27:37 GMT /slideshow/laws-of/46577926 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) laws of demand and supply BipulDeka <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/newmicrosoftworddocument-150402082737-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" />

laws of demand and supply from Dibrugarh University

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0 Prodrug /slideshow/prodrug/40690333 prodrugrollno-05-141024121149-conversion-gate02
medicinal chemistry]]>
medicinal chemistry]]> Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:11:49 GMT /slideshow/prodrug/40690333 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) Prodrug BipulDeka medicinal chemistry <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/prodrugrollno-05-141024121149-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> medicinal chemistry

Prodrug from Dibrugarh University

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0 cinnamon /slideshow/cognosy-me/40690111 cognosyme-141024120458-conversion-gate02
pharmacognosy seminar]]>
pharmacognosy seminar]]> Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:04:58 GMT /slideshow/cognosy-me/40690111 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) cinnamon BipulDeka pharmacognosy seminar <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cognosyme-141024120458-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> pharmacognosy seminar

cinnamon from Dibrugarh University

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0 Anti ulcer drugs /slideshow/anti-ulcer-drugs-40690022/40690022 anti-ulcerdrugs-141024120227-conversion-gate02
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]]> Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:02:27 GMT /slideshow/anti-ulcer-drugs-40690022/40690022 BipulDeka@slideshare.net(BipulDeka) Anti ulcer drugs BipulDeka <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/anti-ulcerdrugs-141024120227-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" />

Anti ulcer drugs from Dibrugarh University

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0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-BipulDeka-48x48.jpg?cb=1607180509 In this world of Facebook Relationship whr u get friends ON REQUEST, its vry confusing 2 maintain a true relation.. 2day whr d essence of Love is instantly decided by Emotional Atyachar&Axe Ur Ex, its vry baffling 2 define wat TRUE LOVE is.. In earlier days, lovers hardly talkd 2 each othr yet they xprncd ETERNAL LOVE wheras 2day we spent countlss sleeplss nites talkin/textin 2 each othr yet finally end up wid BREAK-UPS D more closer we come, d farther we go.. 21 century is full of Reality shows wid nothin REAL in it, Too many well-designed houses yet BROKEN HOMES, Beautiful Faces yet UGLIEST HEARTS. https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/shikimikacidpathway-150428115803-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/shikimik-acid-pathway/47522773 Shikimik acid pathway https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bioavailabilityppt-140930002953-phpapp012-150428113617-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/bioavailabilityppt-140930002953phpapp012/47521805 Methods of Assessing B... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mkdcosmo-150422113744-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/preservation-of-semisolids/47296396 preservation of semiso...