�ݺ�ߣshows by User: KiranNiure

�ݺ�ߣshows by User: KiranNiure / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif �ݺ�ߣshows by User: KiranNiure / Tue, 28 Jan 2020 12:51:01 GMT �ݺ�ߣShare feed for �ݺ�ߣshows by User: KiranNiure Aminoglycosides /KiranNiure/aminoglycosides-225533949 aminoglycosides-200128125101
Aminoglycosides - a group of natural and semi synthethic antibiotics having aminosugar link to an aminocyclitol ring by glycosidic bond. Includes: streptomycin, neomycin, gentmicin, amicacin, kanamycin and tobramycin. Share many chemical and pharmacological properties and have similar antibacterial spectrum and toxic effects. CHEMISTRY Presence of amino group in the structure imparts basic nature to aminoglycosides Hydroxyl group on sugar provides high water solubility( or poor lipid solubility) MECHANISMS OF ACTION Gram negative organisms allow aminoglycosides to diffuse through porin channel in their outer membrane These organisms also have an oxygen dependent system that transports antibiotic across the cell membrane Antibiotics then binds to 30s ribosomal subunit There it causes 30s subunit of completed ribosome to misread the genetic code which leads to incompletely synthesized protein BACTERIAL RESISTANCE Due to: Decreased uptake of drug when oxygen dependent transport system or porin channels are absent Altered 30s ribosomal subunit aminoglycosides binding site Plasmid associated synthesis of enzymes like acetyltransferase, nucleotidyltransferase and phosphotransferases ADVERSE EFFECTS Nephrotoxicity Occurs as a result of excessive accumulation of aminoglycosides by proximal tubular cells Ototoxicity both vesicular and auditory dysfunction due to accumulation in perilymph and endolymph in the inner ear in the dose and time dependent manner Neuromuscular blockade Due to interference with acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings Other effects Have low tendency to cause allergic reactions, may produce peripheral neuritis and dysfunction of optic nerve. Contact dermatitis is a common reaction to topically applied neomycin. DRUG INTERACTION Shows interactipon with drugs which cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity Concurrent use of aminoglycosides with loop diuretics( furosemide) and osmotic diuretics(mannitol) aggravate nephrotoxic and ototoxic effect. When used with inhalent anaesthetic or neuromuscular blocking drugs increase risk of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis Aminoglycosides and halothane aggravates cardiovascular depression Shows synergistic effect with beta -lactam antibiotics. Higher concentrates of carbenicillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin are reported to inactivate aminoglycosides CLINICAL USES Widely used to treating local and systemic infection caused by susceptible bacteria Infused into uterus to treat endometritis and udder to treat mastitis Also topically used ears and eyes CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contradicted in patients those who are hypersensitive to them Should be used with extreme caution in pre existing renal disease, neonate, geriatric and obese animals Should not be given to working dogs due to it’s adverse effect on hearing Cause adverse effect on foetus, so their use during pregnancy is not recommended until mandatory]]>
Aminoglycosides - a group of natural and semi synthethic antibiotics having aminosugar link to an aminocyclitol ring by glycosidic bond. Includes: streptomycin, neomycin, gentmicin, amicacin, kanamycin and tobramycin. Share many chemical and pharmacological properties and have similar antibacterial spectrum and toxic effects. CHEMISTRY Presence of amino group in the structure imparts basic nature to aminoglycosides Hydroxyl group on sugar provides high water solubility( or poor lipid solubility) MECHANISMS OF ACTION Gram negative organisms allow aminoglycosides to diffuse through porin channel in their outer membrane These organisms also have an oxygen dependent system that transports antibiotic across the cell membrane Antibiotics then binds to 30s ribosomal subunit There it causes 30s subunit of completed ribosome to misread the genetic code which leads to incompletely synthesized protein BACTERIAL RESISTANCE Due to: Decreased uptake of drug when oxygen dependent transport system or porin channels are absent Altered 30s ribosomal subunit aminoglycosides binding site Plasmid associated synthesis of enzymes like acetyltransferase, nucleotidyltransferase and phosphotransferases ADVERSE EFFECTS Nephrotoxicity Occurs as a result of excessive accumulation of aminoglycosides by proximal tubular cells Ototoxicity both vesicular and auditory dysfunction due to accumulation in perilymph and endolymph in the inner ear in the dose and time dependent manner Neuromuscular blockade Due to interference with acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings Other effects Have low tendency to cause allergic reactions, may produce peripheral neuritis and dysfunction of optic nerve. Contact dermatitis is a common reaction to topically applied neomycin. DRUG INTERACTION Shows interactipon with drugs which cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity Concurrent use of aminoglycosides with loop diuretics( furosemide) and osmotic diuretics(mannitol) aggravate nephrotoxic and ototoxic effect. When used with inhalent anaesthetic or neuromuscular blocking drugs increase risk of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis Aminoglycosides and halothane aggravates cardiovascular depression Shows synergistic effect with beta -lactam antibiotics. Higher concentrates of carbenicillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin are reported to inactivate aminoglycosides CLINICAL USES Widely used to treating local and systemic infection caused by susceptible bacteria Infused into uterus to treat endometritis and udder to treat mastitis Also topically used ears and eyes CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contradicted in patients those who are hypersensitive to them Should be used with extreme caution in pre existing renal disease, neonate, geriatric and obese animals Should not be given to working dogs due to it’s adverse effect on hearing Cause adverse effect on foetus, so their use during pregnancy is not recommended until mandatory]]> Tue, 28 Jan 2020 12:51:01 GMT /KiranNiure/aminoglycosides-225533949 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Aminoglycosides KiranNiure Aminoglycosides - a group of natural and semi synthethic antibiotics having aminosugar link to an aminocyclitol ring by glycosidic bond. Includes: streptomycin, neomycin, gentmicin, amicacin, kanamycin and tobramycin. Share many chemical and pharmacological properties and have similar antibacterial spectrum and toxic effects. CHEMISTRY Presence of amino group in the structure imparts basic nature to aminoglycosides Hydroxyl group on sugar provides high water solubility( or poor lipid solubility) MECHANISMS OF ACTION Gram negative organisms allow aminoglycosides to diffuse through porin channel in their outer membrane These organisms also have an oxygen dependent system that transports antibiotic across the cell membrane Antibiotics then binds to 30s ribosomal subunit There it causes 30s subunit of completed ribosome to misread the genetic code which leads to incompletely synthesized protein BACTERIAL RESISTANCE Due to: Decreased uptake of drug when oxygen dependent transport system or porin channels are absent Altered 30s ribosomal subunit aminoglycosides binding site Plasmid associated synthesis of enzymes like acetyltransferase, nucleotidyltransferase and phosphotransferases ADVERSE EFFECTS Nephrotoxicity Occurs as a result of excessive accumulation of aminoglycosides by proximal tubular cells Ototoxicity both vesicular and auditory dysfunction due to accumulation in perilymph and endolymph in the inner ear in the dose and time dependent manner Neuromuscular blockade Due to interference with acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings Other effects Have low tendency to cause allergic reactions, may produce peripheral neuritis and dysfunction of optic nerve. Contact dermatitis is a common reaction to topically applied neomycin. DRUG INTERACTION Shows interactipon with drugs which cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity Concurrent use of aminoglycosides with loop diuretics( furosemide) and osmotic diuretics(mannitol) aggravate nephrotoxic and ototoxic effect. When used with inhalent anaesthetic or neuromuscular blocking drugs increase risk of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis Aminoglycosides and halothane aggravates cardiovascular depression Shows synergistic effect with beta -lactam antibiotics. Higher concentrates of carbenicillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin are reported to inactivate aminoglycosides CLINICAL USES Widely used to treating local and systemic infection caused by susceptible bacteria Infused into uterus to treat endometritis and udder to treat mastitis Also topically used ears and eyes CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contradicted in patients those who are hypersensitive to them Should be used with extreme caution in pre existing renal disease, neonate, geriatric and obese animals Should not be given to working dogs due to it’s adverse effect on hearing Cause adverse effect on foetus, so their use during pregnancy is not recommended until mandatory <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/aminoglycosides-200128125101-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Aminoglycosides - a group of natural and semi synthethic antibiotics having aminosugar link to an aminocyclitol ring by glycosidic bond. Includes: streptomycin, neomycin, gentmicin, amicacin, kanamycin and tobramycin. Share many chemical and pharmacological properties and have similar antibacterial spectrum and toxic effects. CHEMISTRY Presence of amino group in the structure imparts basic nature to aminoglycosides Hydroxyl group on sugar provides high water solubility( or poor lipid solubility) MECHANISMS OF ACTION Gram negative organisms allow aminoglycosides to diffuse through porin channel in their outer membrane These organisms also have an oxygen dependent system that transports antibiotic across the cell membrane Antibiotics then binds to 30s ribosomal subunit There it causes 30s subunit of completed ribosome to misread the genetic code which leads to incompletely synthesized protein BACTERIAL RESISTANCE Due to: Decreased uptake of drug when oxygen dependent transport system or porin channels are absent Altered 30s ribosomal subunit aminoglycosides binding site Plasmid associated synthesis of enzymes like acetyltransferase, nucleotidyltransferase and phosphotransferases ADVERSE EFFECTS Nephrotoxicity Occurs as a result of excessive accumulation of aminoglycosides by proximal tubular cells Ototoxicity both vesicular and auditory dysfunction due to accumulation in perilymph and endolymph in the inner ear in the dose and time dependent manner Neuromuscular blockade Due to interference with acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings Other effects Have low tendency to cause allergic reactions, may produce peripheral neuritis and dysfunction of optic nerve. Contact dermatitis is a common reaction to topically applied neomycin. DRUG INTERACTION Shows interactipon with drugs which cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity Concurrent use of aminoglycosides with loop diuretics( furosemide) and osmotic diuretics(mannitol) aggravate nephrotoxic and ototoxic effect. When used with inhalent anaesthetic or neuromuscular blocking drugs increase risk of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis Aminoglycosides and halothane aggravates cardiovascular depression Shows synergistic effect with beta -lactam antibiotics. Higher concentrates of carbenicillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin are reported to inactivate aminoglycosides CLINICAL USES Widely used to treating local and systemic infection caused by susceptible bacteria Infused into uterus to treat endometritis and udder to treat mastitis Also topically used ears and eyes CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contradicted in patients those who are hypersensitive to them Should be used with extreme caution in pre existing renal disease, neonate, geriatric and obese animals Should not be given to working dogs due to it’s adverse effect on hearing Cause adverse effect on foetus, so their use during pregnancy is not recommended until mandatory

Aminoglycosides from Kiran Niure

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0 Nutraceuticals /slideshow/nutraceuticals-118419985/118419985 nutraceuticals-181006070627
therapeutic application, use and effectiveness of nutraceuticals]]>
therapeutic application, use and effectiveness of nutraceuticals]]> Sat, 06 Oct 2018 07:06:27 GMT /slideshow/nutraceuticals-118419985/118419985 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Nutraceuticals KiranNiure therapeutic application, use and effectiveness of nutraceuticals <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nutraceuticals-181006070627-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> therapeutic application, use and effectiveness of nutraceuticals

Nutraceuticals from Kiran Niure

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0 Cephalosporin /slideshow/cephalosporin-118418802/118418802 cephalosporin-181006065606
a beta lactam antibiotic]]>
a beta lactam antibiotic]]> Sat, 06 Oct 2018 06:56:06 GMT /slideshow/cephalosporin-118418802/118418802 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Cephalosporin KiranNiure a beta lactam antibiotic <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cephalosporin-181006065606-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> a beta lactam antibiotic

Cephalosporin from Kiran Niure

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0 Trichodiniasis /slideshow/trichodiniasis/117141816 janasrit-180928185338
Protozoal disease caused by ciliate protozoan Trichodina spp. ]]>
Protozoal disease caused by ciliate protozoan Trichodina spp. ]]> Fri, 28 Sep 2018 18:53:38 GMT /slideshow/trichodiniasis/117141816 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Trichodiniasis KiranNiure Protozoal disease caused by ciliate protozoan Trichodina spp. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/janasrit-180928185338-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Protozoal disease caused by ciliate protozoan Trichodina spp.

Trichodiniasis from Kiran Niure

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0 Costiosis / Ichthyobodosis /slideshow/costiosis-new/117140628 costiosisnew-180928184518
blue slime disease caused bye Ichthyobodo necator]]>
blue slime disease caused bye Ichthyobodo necator]]> Fri, 28 Sep 2018 18:45:18 GMT /slideshow/costiosis-new/117140628 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Costiosis / Ichthyobodosis KiranNiure blue slime disease caused bye Ichthyobodo necator <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/costiosisnew-180928184518-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> blue slime disease caused bye Ichthyobodo necator

Costiosis / Ichthyobodosis from Kiran Niure

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0 Hemorrhagic septicaemia /slideshow/hemorrhagic-septicaemia-117137558/117137558 hemorrhagicsepticaemia-180928181850
Haemorrhagic septicaemia; Pasteurellosis; shipping fever; Stockyard disease; Stockyardis pneumonia; Barbone disease]]>
Haemorrhagic septicaemia; Pasteurellosis; shipping fever; Stockyard disease; Stockyardis pneumonia; Barbone disease]]> Fri, 28 Sep 2018 18:18:50 GMT /slideshow/hemorrhagic-septicaemia-117137558/117137558 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Hemorrhagic septicaemia KiranNiure Haemorrhagic septicaemia; Pasteurellosis; shipping fever; Stockyard disease; Stockyardis pneumonia; Barbone disease <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hemorrhagicsepticaemia-180928181850-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Haemorrhagic septicaemia; Pasteurellosis; shipping fever; Stockyard disease; Stockyardis pneumonia; Barbone disease

Hemorrhagic septicaemia from Kiran Niure

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0 Plant toxin /slideshow/plant-toxin/94066196 planttoxin-180417072550
Plants producing photosensitization, Plant producing oxalate poisoning, Datura and related plants poisoning ]]>
Plants producing photosensitization, Plant producing oxalate poisoning, Datura and related plants poisoning ]]> Tue, 17 Apr 2018 07:25:50 GMT /slideshow/plant-toxin/94066196 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Plant toxin KiranNiure Plants producing photosensitization, Plant producing oxalate poisoning, Datura and related plants poisoning <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/planttoxin-180417072550-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Plants producing photosensitization, Plant producing oxalate poisoning, Datura and related plants poisoning

Plant toxin from Kiran Niure

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0 Methadone, a synthetic oipiod analgesic /slideshow/methadone-a-synthetic-oipiod-analgesic/73632433 2918-170325131908
Introduction of methadone along with pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, clinical uses and dose]]>
Introduction of methadone along with pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, clinical uses and dose]]> Sat, 25 Mar 2017 13:19:08 GMT /slideshow/methadone-a-synthetic-oipiod-analgesic/73632433 KiranNiure@slideshare.net(KiranNiure) Methadone, a synthetic oipiod analgesic KiranNiure Introduction of methadone along with pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, clinical uses and dose <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2918-170325131908-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Introduction of methadone along with pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, clinical uses and dose

Methadone, a synthetic oipiod analgesic from Kiran Niure

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0 https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/profile-picture.png https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/aminoglycosides-200128125101-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds KiranNiure/aminoglycosides-225533949 Aminoglycosides https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nutraceuticals-181006070627-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/nutraceuticals-118419985/118419985 Nutraceuticals https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cephalosporin-181006065606-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/cephalosporin-118418802/118418802 Cephalosporin