�ݺ�ߣshows by User: OmerMAhmed

�ݺ�ߣshows by User: OmerMAhmed / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif �ݺ�ߣshows by User: OmerMAhmed / Sun, 02 Jun 2024 15:06:34 GMT �ݺ�ߣShare feed for �ݺ�ߣshows by User: OmerMAhmed Magnetic Survey for exploration and its interpretation.pptx /slideshow/magnetic-survey-for-exploration-and-its-interpretation-pptx/269466753 magneticsurveyforexploration-240602150634-f28e354e
A magnetic survey is a geophysical exploration method used to detect and map variations in the Earth's magnetic field caused by the magnetic properties of subsurface materials. This technique is widely applied in mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, and archaeological studies. Here's a general overview with case study and problems to be solved. ]]>
A magnetic survey is a geophysical exploration method used to detect and map variations in the Earth's magnetic field caused by the magnetic properties of subsurface materials. This technique is widely applied in mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, and archaeological studies. Here's a general overview with case study and problems to be solved. ]]> Sun, 02 Jun 2024 15:06:34 GMT /slideshow/magnetic-survey-for-exploration-and-its-interpretation-pptx/269466753 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Magnetic Survey for exploration and its interpretation.pptx OmerMAhmed A magnetic survey is a geophysical exploration method used to detect and map variations in the Earth's magnetic field caused by the magnetic properties of subsurface materials. This technique is widely applied in mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, and archaeological studies. Here's a general overview with case study and problems to be solved. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/magneticsurveyforexploration-240602150634-f28e354e-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> A magnetic survey is a geophysical exploration method used to detect and map variations in the Earth's magnetic field caused by the magnetic properties of subsurface materials. This technique is widely applied in mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, and archaeological studies. Here's a general overview with case study and problems to be solved.

Magnetic Survey for exploration and its interpretation.pptx from University of Kerala

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0 Evolution of the continental crust /slideshow/evolution-of-the-continental-crust/75547948 evolutionofthecontinentalcrust-170430182624
The continental crust covers nearly a third of the Earth’s surface, extends vertically from the Earth’s surface to the Moho discontinuity. It is less dense than oceanic crust. Compositionally is dominating by silicate elements Models for the differentiation of the continental crust shows when and how it was formed Reconciling the sedimentary and igneous records indicates that it may take up to one billion years for a new crust to dominate the sedimentary record. The continental crust of the Earth differs from the crust of other planets in the Solar System Its formation modified the composition of the mantle and the atmosphere It supports life And it remains a sink for CO2 Evaluating the composition of new continental crust can provide important clues as to how and when it may have been generated. Which is required understanding the differentiation processes of igneous (granites) and sedimentary rocks ]]>
The continental crust covers nearly a third of the Earth’s surface, extends vertically from the Earth’s surface to the Moho discontinuity. It is less dense than oceanic crust. Compositionally is dominating by silicate elements Models for the differentiation of the continental crust shows when and how it was formed Reconciling the sedimentary and igneous records indicates that it may take up to one billion years for a new crust to dominate the sedimentary record. The continental crust of the Earth differs from the crust of other planets in the Solar System Its formation modified the composition of the mantle and the atmosphere It supports life And it remains a sink for CO2 Evaluating the composition of new continental crust can provide important clues as to how and when it may have been generated. Which is required understanding the differentiation processes of igneous (granites) and sedimentary rocks ]]> Sun, 30 Apr 2017 18:26:24 GMT /slideshow/evolution-of-the-continental-crust/75547948 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Evolution of the continental crust OmerMAhmed The continental crust covers nearly a third of the Earth’s surface, extends vertically from the Earth’s surface to the Moho discontinuity. It is less dense than oceanic crust. Compositionally is dominating by silicate elements Models for the differentiation of the continental crust shows when and how it was formed Reconciling the sedimentary and igneous records indicates that it may take up to one billion years for a new crust to dominate the sedimentary record. The continental crust of the Earth differs from the crust of other planets in the Solar System Its formation modified the composition of the mantle and the atmosphere It supports life And it remains a sink for CO2 Evaluating the composition of new continental crust can provide important clues as to how and when it may have been generated. Which is required understanding the differentiation processes of igneous (granites) and sedimentary rocks <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/evolutionofthecontinentalcrust-170430182624-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> The continental crust covers nearly a third of the Earth’s surface, extends vertically from the Earth’s surface to the Moho discontinuity. It is less dense than oceanic crust. Compositionally is dominating by silicate elements Models for the differentiation of the continental crust shows when and how it was formed Reconciling the sedimentary and igneous records indicates that it may take up to one billion years for a new crust to dominate the sedimentary record. The continental crust of the Earth differs from the crust of other planets in the Solar System Its formation modified the composition of the mantle and the atmosphere It supports life And it remains a sink for CO2 Evaluating the composition of new continental crust can provide important clues as to how and when it may have been generated. Which is required understanding the differentiation processes of igneous (granites) and sedimentary rocks

Evolution of the continental crust from University of Kerala

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0 Impact of climatic change on biosphere /slideshow/impact-of-climatic-change-on-biosphere/75547664 impactofclimaticchangeonbiosphere-170430181235
Climate like any other physical phenomena it is dynamic and not static. In every part of the world one year, one decade or one century is different than the other. The change does not only have academic important but its effects in all the forms of life. Plants, animals, human beings change with changes of climate. In general, all living species thrive under definite and limit conditions and any great deviation from that will leads to destruction and death of the species. Ecology: Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments which includes Biotic Factors: (Living organisms) , Abiotic Factors: (Nonliving physical and chemical conditions of an environment). What are the levels of the Ecology? Ecology has Five Levels. Individual organism: Single organism in an environment Populations: Group of individual organisms of same species living in the same area Communities: All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area make up a community, like coral reef and other organisms live around in the reef Ecosystems: An ecosystem includes both the biotic and abiotic factors of an area Biosphere: Sum of all of Earth's ecosystems, it is an envelope of air, land, and water supporting all living things on Earth. It consists of both the atmosphere and ocean. Ecologists investigate global issues in the biosphere, including climate change and its effect on living things The effects have been most dramatic at high latitudes, where multiple processes contribute to decreased surface reflectivity Changes in temperature are causing species to shift their natural ranges; however, those are unable to move in line with changing temperatures are being put at risk. ]]>
Climate like any other physical phenomena it is dynamic and not static. In every part of the world one year, one decade or one century is different than the other. The change does not only have academic important but its effects in all the forms of life. Plants, animals, human beings change with changes of climate. In general, all living species thrive under definite and limit conditions and any great deviation from that will leads to destruction and death of the species. Ecology: Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments which includes Biotic Factors: (Living organisms) , Abiotic Factors: (Nonliving physical and chemical conditions of an environment). What are the levels of the Ecology? Ecology has Five Levels. Individual organism: Single organism in an environment Populations: Group of individual organisms of same species living in the same area Communities: All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area make up a community, like coral reef and other organisms live around in the reef Ecosystems: An ecosystem includes both the biotic and abiotic factors of an area Biosphere: Sum of all of Earth's ecosystems, it is an envelope of air, land, and water supporting all living things on Earth. It consists of both the atmosphere and ocean. Ecologists investigate global issues in the biosphere, including climate change and its effect on living things The effects have been most dramatic at high latitudes, where multiple processes contribute to decreased surface reflectivity Changes in temperature are causing species to shift their natural ranges; however, those are unable to move in line with changing temperatures are being put at risk. ]]> Sun, 30 Apr 2017 18:12:35 GMT /slideshow/impact-of-climatic-change-on-biosphere/75547664 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Impact of climatic change on biosphere OmerMAhmed Climate like any other physical phenomena it is dynamic and not static. In every part of the world one year, one decade or one century is different than the other. The change does not only have academic important but its effects in all the forms of life. Plants, animals, human beings change with changes of climate. In general, all living species thrive under definite and limit conditions and any great deviation from that will leads to destruction and death of the species. Ecology: Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments which includes Biotic Factors: (Living organisms) , Abiotic Factors: (Nonliving physical and chemical conditions of an environment). What are the levels of the Ecology? Ecology has Five Levels. Individual organism: Single organism in an environment Populations: Group of individual organisms of same species living in the same area Communities: All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area make up a community, like coral reef and other organisms live around in the reef Ecosystems: An ecosystem includes both the biotic and abiotic factors of an area Biosphere: Sum of all of Earth's ecosystems, it is an envelope of air, land, and water supporting all living things on Earth. It consists of both the atmosphere and ocean. Ecologists investigate global issues in the biosphere, including climate change and its effect on living things The effects have been most dramatic at high latitudes, where multiple processes contribute to decreased surface reflectivity Changes in temperature are causing species to shift their natural ranges; however, those are unable to move in line with changing temperatures are being put at risk. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/impactofclimaticchangeonbiosphere-170430181235-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Climate like any other physical phenomena it is dynamic and not static. In every part of the world one year, one decade or one century is different than the other. The change does not only have academic important but its effects in all the forms of life. Plants, animals, human beings change with changes of climate. In general, all living species thrive under definite and limit conditions and any great deviation from that will leads to destruction and death of the species. Ecology: Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments which includes Biotic Factors: (Living organisms) , Abiotic Factors: (Nonliving physical and chemical conditions of an environment). What are the levels of the Ecology? Ecology has Five Levels. Individual organism: Single organism in an environment Populations: Group of individual organisms of same species living in the same area Communities: All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area make up a community, like coral reef and other organisms live around in the reef Ecosystems: An ecosystem includes both the biotic and abiotic factors of an area Biosphere: Sum of all of Earth's ecosystems, it is an envelope of air, land, and water supporting all living things on Earth. It consists of both the atmosphere and ocean. Ecologists investigate global issues in the biosphere, including climate change and its effect on living things The effects have been most dramatic at high latitudes, where multiple processes contribute to decreased surface reflectivity Changes in temperature are causing species to shift their natural ranges; however, those are unable to move in line with changing temperatures are being put at risk.

Impact of climatic change on biosphere from University of Kerala

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0 Ocean current /slideshow/ocean-current-75547534/75547534 oceancurrent-170430180458
Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface. Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land. Seawater: High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure. Why is Ocean Circulation Important? •Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions. •The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity •ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another. •in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms ]]>
Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface. Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land. Seawater: High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure. Why is Ocean Circulation Important? •Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions. •The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity •ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another. •in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms ]]> Sun, 30 Apr 2017 18:04:58 GMT /slideshow/ocean-current-75547534/75547534 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Ocean current OmerMAhmed Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface. Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land. Seawater: High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure. Why is Ocean Circulation Important? •Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions. •The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity •ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another. •in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/oceancurrent-170430180458-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface. Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land. Seawater: High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure. Why is Ocean Circulation Important? •Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions. •The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity •ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another. •in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms

Ocean current from University of Kerala

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0 Foraminifera , micro fossil /slideshow/foraminifera-micro-fossil/75547437 foraminifera-170430175821
Microfossils are very small remains of organisms 0.001 mm (1 micron) to 1 mm, that require magnification for study. They are abundant, can be recovered from small samples. Provide the main evidence for organic evolution through the time They classified into two groups: Organic-walled; Acritarchs, Dinoflagellate, Spores and Pollen grains … etc. Foraminifera Each chamber interconnected by an opening (foramen) or several openings (foramina). Known from Early Cambrian through to recent times, and has reached its acme during the Cenozoic. Have a wide environmental range from terrestrial to deep sea and from polar to the tropical region. Depending on the species, the shell may be made of organic compounds, sand grains and other particles cemented together, or from crystalline calcite. Inorganic walled; Diatoms, Silicoflagellates, Ostracods, Conodonts, and Foraminifera ]]>
Microfossils are very small remains of organisms 0.001 mm (1 micron) to 1 mm, that require magnification for study. They are abundant, can be recovered from small samples. Provide the main evidence for organic evolution through the time They classified into two groups: Organic-walled; Acritarchs, Dinoflagellate, Spores and Pollen grains … etc. Foraminifera Each chamber interconnected by an opening (foramen) or several openings (foramina). Known from Early Cambrian through to recent times, and has reached its acme during the Cenozoic. Have a wide environmental range from terrestrial to deep sea and from polar to the tropical region. Depending on the species, the shell may be made of organic compounds, sand grains and other particles cemented together, or from crystalline calcite. Inorganic walled; Diatoms, Silicoflagellates, Ostracods, Conodonts, and Foraminifera ]]> Sun, 30 Apr 2017 17:58:21 GMT /slideshow/foraminifera-micro-fossil/75547437 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Foraminifera , micro fossil OmerMAhmed Microfossils are very small remains of organisms 0.001 mm (1 micron) to 1 mm, that require magnification for study. They are abundant, can be recovered from small samples. Provide the main evidence for organic evolution through the time They classified into two groups: Organic-walled; Acritarchs, Dinoflagellate, Spores and Pollen grains … etc. Foraminifera Each chamber interconnected by an opening (foramen) or several openings (foramina). Known from Early Cambrian through to recent times, and has reached its acme during the Cenozoic. Have a wide environmental range from terrestrial to deep sea and from polar to the tropical region. Depending on the species, the shell may be made of organic compounds, sand grains and other particles cemented together, or from crystalline calcite. Inorganic walled; Diatoms, Silicoflagellates, Ostracods, Conodonts, and Foraminifera <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/foraminifera-170430175821-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Microfossils are very small remains of organisms 0.001 mm (1 micron) to 1 mm, that require magnification for study. They are abundant, can be recovered from small samples. Provide the main evidence for organic evolution through the time They classified into two groups: Organic-walled; Acritarchs, Dinoflagellate, Spores and Pollen grains … etc. Foraminifera Each chamber interconnected by an opening (foramen) or several openings (foramina). Known from Early Cambrian through to recent times, and has reached its acme during the Cenozoic. Have a wide environmental range from terrestrial to deep sea and from polar to the tropical region. Depending on the species, the shell may be made of organic compounds, sand grains and other particles cemented together, or from crystalline calcite. Inorganic walled; Diatoms, Silicoflagellates, Ostracods, Conodonts, and Foraminifera

Foraminifera , micro fossil from University of Kerala

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0 Primary structures of sedimentary and igneous rocks /slideshow/primary-structures-of-sedimentary-and-igneous-rocks/75275447 primarystructuresofsedimentaryandigneousrocks-170421101825
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional of the rock units with respect to their deformational histories, Structure is spatial and geometrical configuration of rock components. Structures are classified into two types: Primary structures. Secondary structures Primary structures Structures that form during deposition or crystallization of the rock, are the result of two processes: Settling of solid particles from fluid medium in which they have been suspended, in most of the sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of mineral grains from a liquid in which they have been dissolved as in igneous rocks. ]]>
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional of the rock units with respect to their deformational histories, Structure is spatial and geometrical configuration of rock components. Structures are classified into two types: Primary structures. Secondary structures Primary structures Structures that form during deposition or crystallization of the rock, are the result of two processes: Settling of solid particles from fluid medium in which they have been suspended, in most of the sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of mineral grains from a liquid in which they have been dissolved as in igneous rocks. ]]> Fri, 21 Apr 2017 10:18:25 GMT /slideshow/primary-structures-of-sedimentary-and-igneous-rocks/75275447 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Primary structures of sedimentary and igneous rocks OmerMAhmed Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional of the rock units with respect to their deformational histories, Structure is spatial and geometrical configuration of rock components. Structures are classified into two types: Primary structures. Secondary structures Primary structures Structures that form during deposition or crystallization of the rock, are the result of two processes: Settling of solid particles from fluid medium in which they have been suspended, in most of the sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of mineral grains from a liquid in which they have been dissolved as in igneous rocks. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/primarystructuresofsedimentaryandigneousrocks-170421101825-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional of the rock units with respect to their deformational histories, Structure is spatial and geometrical configuration of rock components. Structures are classified into two types: Primary structures. Secondary structures Primary structures Structures that form during deposition or crystallization of the rock, are the result of two processes: Settling of solid particles from fluid medium in which they have been suspended, in most of the sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of mineral grains from a liquid in which they have been dissolved as in igneous rocks.

Primary structures of sedimentary and igneous rocks from University of Kerala

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0 Solar radiation and evapotranspiration /slideshow/solar-radiation-and-evapotranspiration-75076174/75076174 solarradiationandevapotranspiration-170417045736
Evaporation is a process by which water changed from the liquid or solid state into the gaseous state through the absorption of heat It is always related to the loss of water from a free surface over a fixed time interval. Either direct observation or calculation based on the factors involved in the transfer of thermal energy. One of the fundamental component of hydrological cycle Essential requirements in the process are The source of energy to vaporize the liquid water (solar or wind) The presence of gradient of concentration between the evaporating surface and the surrounding air. ]]>
Evaporation is a process by which water changed from the liquid or solid state into the gaseous state through the absorption of heat It is always related to the loss of water from a free surface over a fixed time interval. Either direct observation or calculation based on the factors involved in the transfer of thermal energy. One of the fundamental component of hydrological cycle Essential requirements in the process are The source of energy to vaporize the liquid water (solar or wind) The presence of gradient of concentration between the evaporating surface and the surrounding air. ]]> Mon, 17 Apr 2017 04:57:36 GMT /slideshow/solar-radiation-and-evapotranspiration-75076174/75076174 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Solar radiation and evapotranspiration OmerMAhmed Evaporation is a process by which water changed from the liquid or solid state into the gaseous state through the absorption of heat It is always related to the loss of water from a free surface over a fixed time interval. Either direct observation or calculation based on the factors involved in the transfer of thermal energy. One of the fundamental component of hydrological cycle Essential requirements in the process are The source of energy to vaporize the liquid water (solar or wind) The presence of gradient of concentration between the evaporating surface and the surrounding air. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/solarradiationandevapotranspiration-170417045736-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Evaporation is a process by which water changed from the liquid or solid state into the gaseous state through the absorption of heat It is always related to the loss of water from a free surface over a fixed time interval. Either direct observation or calculation based on the factors involved in the transfer of thermal energy. One of the fundamental component of hydrological cycle Essential requirements in the process are The source of energy to vaporize the liquid water (solar or wind) The presence of gradient of concentration between the evaporating surface and the surrounding air.

Solar radiation and evapotranspiration from University of Kerala

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0 Gold /slideshow/gold-75050943/75050943 gold-170415170052
Gold is a transitional metal. In its purest form have reddish yellow color, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Atomic number : 79 Atomic mass : 196.9 u Density : 19.32 g/cm3 Melting point : 1,064 °C Boiling point : 2,700 °C Founded in different form associated with different rock type in different tectonic setting. Discovered from earlier time and used for multi purposes. Formation of gold The saying among prospectors that "gold is where you find it" suggests its occurrence is unpredictable, but there is some certain geological environments for the formation. Because gold is very stable over a range of conditions, it is very widespread in the earth’s crust. Gold dissolved in warm to hot salty water, the fluids are generated in huge volumes deep in the Earth’s crust as water-bearing minerals dehydrate during metamorphism. Any gold present in the rocks being heated and squeezed is sweated out and goes into solution as complex ions. In this form, dissolved gold, along with other elements such as silicon, iron and sulphur, migrates wherever fractures in the rocks allow the fluids to pass. The direction is generally upwards, to cooler regions at lower pressures nearer the Earth’s surface. Gold eventually becomes insoluble and begins to crystallize, most often enveloped by quartz. The association of gold and quartz vein forms one of the most common types of "primary gold deposits". India In India, gold mineralization of economic importance is mainly restricted to Archean greenstone terranes of the Dharwar Craton (DC). The eastern block of the DC has a high favorability for hosting major gold deposits such as Kolar, Hutti, and Ramagiri, whereas the western block hosts only a few smaller deposits such as Gadag, Ajjahanahalli, and Kempinkote. Gold also discoverrd by GSI in the Singbhum Craton, Aravalli Craton, Bastar Craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). India is the second-largest consumer of gold after China. India currently holds about 558 tones of gold, representing 6.6% of its reserves, (World Gold Council, October 2016). Kolar Gold Field, Hutti Gold Field and Ramgiri Gold Field are the most important gold fields. Gold Demand and Use The largest source of demand is the jewelry industry Gold’s workability, unique beauty, and universal appeal make this rare precious metal the favorite of jewelers all over the world. Besides jewelry, gold has many applications in a variety of industries including aerospace, medicine, dentistry, and electronics for the manufacture of computers, telephones, televisions... The third source of gold demand is governments and central banks that buy gold to increase their official reserves. Private investors there are private investors. Depending upon market circumstances, the investment component of demand can vary substantially from year to year. ]]>
Gold is a transitional metal. In its purest form have reddish yellow color, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Atomic number : 79 Atomic mass : 196.9 u Density : 19.32 g/cm3 Melting point : 1,064 °C Boiling point : 2,700 °C Founded in different form associated with different rock type in different tectonic setting. Discovered from earlier time and used for multi purposes. Formation of gold The saying among prospectors that "gold is where you find it" suggests its occurrence is unpredictable, but there is some certain geological environments for the formation. Because gold is very stable over a range of conditions, it is very widespread in the earth’s crust. Gold dissolved in warm to hot salty water, the fluids are generated in huge volumes deep in the Earth’s crust as water-bearing minerals dehydrate during metamorphism. Any gold present in the rocks being heated and squeezed is sweated out and goes into solution as complex ions. In this form, dissolved gold, along with other elements such as silicon, iron and sulphur, migrates wherever fractures in the rocks allow the fluids to pass. The direction is generally upwards, to cooler regions at lower pressures nearer the Earth’s surface. Gold eventually becomes insoluble and begins to crystallize, most often enveloped by quartz. The association of gold and quartz vein forms one of the most common types of "primary gold deposits". India In India, gold mineralization of economic importance is mainly restricted to Archean greenstone terranes of the Dharwar Craton (DC). The eastern block of the DC has a high favorability for hosting major gold deposits such as Kolar, Hutti, and Ramagiri, whereas the western block hosts only a few smaller deposits such as Gadag, Ajjahanahalli, and Kempinkote. Gold also discoverrd by GSI in the Singbhum Craton, Aravalli Craton, Bastar Craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). India is the second-largest consumer of gold after China. India currently holds about 558 tones of gold, representing 6.6% of its reserves, (World Gold Council, October 2016). Kolar Gold Field, Hutti Gold Field and Ramgiri Gold Field are the most important gold fields. Gold Demand and Use The largest source of demand is the jewelry industry Gold’s workability, unique beauty, and universal appeal make this rare precious metal the favorite of jewelers all over the world. Besides jewelry, gold has many applications in a variety of industries including aerospace, medicine, dentistry, and electronics for the manufacture of computers, telephones, televisions... The third source of gold demand is governments and central banks that buy gold to increase their official reserves. Private investors there are private investors. Depending upon market circumstances, the investment component of demand can vary substantially from year to year. ]]> Sat, 15 Apr 2017 17:00:51 GMT /slideshow/gold-75050943/75050943 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Gold OmerMAhmed Gold is a transitional metal. In its purest form have reddish yellow color, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Atomic number : 79 Atomic mass : 196.9 u Density : 19.32 g/cm3 Melting point : 1,064 °C Boiling point : 2,700 °C Founded in different form associated with different rock type in different tectonic setting. Discovered from earlier time and used for multi purposes. Formation of gold The saying among prospectors that "gold is where you find it" suggests its occurrence is unpredictable, but there is some certain geological environments for the formation. Because gold is very stable over a range of conditions, it is very widespread in the earth’s crust. Gold dissolved in warm to hot salty water, the fluids are generated in huge volumes deep in the Earth’s crust as water-bearing minerals dehydrate during metamorphism. Any gold present in the rocks being heated and squeezed is sweated out and goes into solution as complex ions. In this form, dissolved gold, along with other elements such as silicon, iron and sulphur, migrates wherever fractures in the rocks allow the fluids to pass. The direction is generally upwards, to cooler regions at lower pressures nearer the Earth’s surface. Gold eventually becomes insoluble and begins to crystallize, most often enveloped by quartz. The association of gold and quartz vein forms one of the most common types of "primary gold deposits". India In India, gold mineralization of economic importance is mainly restricted to Archean greenstone terranes of the Dharwar Craton (DC). The eastern block of the DC has a high favorability for hosting major gold deposits such as Kolar, Hutti, and Ramagiri, whereas the western block hosts only a few smaller deposits such as Gadag, Ajjahanahalli, and Kempinkote. Gold also discoverrd by GSI in the Singbhum Craton, Aravalli Craton, Bastar Craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). India is the second-largest consumer of gold after China. India currently holds about 558 tones of gold, representing 6.6% of its reserves, (World Gold Council, October 2016). Kolar Gold Field, Hutti Gold Field and Ramgiri Gold Field are the most important gold fields. Gold Demand and Use The largest source of demand is the jewelry industry Gold’s workability, unique beauty, and universal appeal make this rare precious metal the favorite of jewelers all over the world. Besides jewelry, gold has many applications in a variety of industries including aerospace, medicine, dentistry, and electronics for the manufacture of computers, telephones, televisions... The third source of gold demand is governments and central banks that buy gold to increase their official reserves. Private investors there are private investors. Depending upon market circumstances, the investment component of demand can vary substantially from year to year. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/gold-170415170052-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Gold is a transitional metal. In its purest form have reddish yellow color, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Atomic number : 79 Atomic mass : 196.9 u Density : 19.32 g/cm3 Melting point : 1,064 °C Boiling point : 2,700 °C Founded in different form associated with different rock type in different tectonic setting. Discovered from earlier time and used for multi purposes. Formation of gold The saying among prospectors that "gold is where you find it" suggests its occurrence is unpredictable, but there is some certain geological environments for the formation. Because gold is very stable over a range of conditions, it is very widespread in the earth’s crust. Gold dissolved in warm to hot salty water, the fluids are generated in huge volumes deep in the Earth’s crust as water-bearing minerals dehydrate during metamorphism. Any gold present in the rocks being heated and squeezed is sweated out and goes into solution as complex ions. In this form, dissolved gold, along with other elements such as silicon, iron and sulphur, migrates wherever fractures in the rocks allow the fluids to pass. The direction is generally upwards, to cooler regions at lower pressures nearer the Earth’s surface. Gold eventually becomes insoluble and begins to crystallize, most often enveloped by quartz. The association of gold and quartz vein forms one of the most common types of "primary gold deposits". India In India, gold mineralization of economic importance is mainly restricted to Archean greenstone terranes of the Dharwar Craton (DC). The eastern block of the DC has a high favorability for hosting major gold deposits such as Kolar, Hutti, and Ramagiri, whereas the western block hosts only a few smaller deposits such as Gadag, Ajjahanahalli, and Kempinkote. Gold also discoverrd by GSI in the Singbhum Craton, Aravalli Craton, Bastar Craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). India is the second-largest consumer of gold after China. India currently holds about 558 tones of gold, representing 6.6% of its reserves, (World Gold Council, October 2016). Kolar Gold Field, Hutti Gold Field and Ramgiri Gold Field are the most important gold fields. Gold Demand and Use The largest source of demand is the jewelry industry Gold’s workability, unique beauty, and universal appeal make this rare precious metal the favorite of jewelers all over the world. Besides jewelry, gold has many applications in a variety of industries including aerospace, medicine, dentistry, and electronics for the manufacture of computers, telephones, televisions... The third source of gold demand is governments and central banks that buy gold to increase their official reserves. Private investors there are private investors. Depending upon market circumstances, the investment component of demand can vary substantially from year to year.

Gold from University of Kerala

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0 Composition of the continental crust /slideshow/composition-of-the-continental-crust/71579295 compositionofthecontinentalcrust-170131095121
The Earth is an unusual planet by having bimodal topography that reﬂects the two distinct types of crust. Crust is outer part of the Earth and compositionally is consist tow types, continental and oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is thin (~ 7 km ), and composed from denser rocks such as basalt , younger. Whereas the continental crust is thick (~ 40 Km), and composed of highly diverse lithologies, and contains the oldest rocks. ]]>
The Earth is an unusual planet by having bimodal topography that reﬂects the two distinct types of crust. Crust is outer part of the Earth and compositionally is consist tow types, continental and oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is thin (~ 7 km ), and composed from denser rocks such as basalt , younger. Whereas the continental crust is thick (~ 40 Km), and composed of highly diverse lithologies, and contains the oldest rocks. ]]> Tue, 31 Jan 2017 09:51:21 GMT /slideshow/composition-of-the-continental-crust/71579295 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Composition of the continental crust OmerMAhmed The Earth is an unusual planet by having bimodal topography that reﬂects the two distinct types of crust. Crust is outer part of the Earth and compositionally is consist tow types, continental and oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is thin (~ 7 km ), and composed from denser rocks such as basalt , younger. Whereas the continental crust is thick (~ 40 Km), and composed of highly diverse lithologies, and contains the oldest rocks. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/compositionofthecontinentalcrust-170131095121-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> The Earth is an unusual planet by having bimodal topography that reﬂects the two distinct types of crust. Crust is outer part of the Earth and compositionally is consist tow types, continental and oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is thin (~ 7 km ), and composed from denser rocks such as basalt , younger. Whereas the continental crust is thick (~ 40 Km), and composed of highly diverse lithologies, and contains the oldest rocks.

Composition of the continental crust from University of Kerala

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0 Hydrothermal alteration zones /slideshow/hydrothermal-alteration-zones-70740711/70740711 hydrothermalalterationzones-170106110532
Digital Image Processing and Analysis Techniques for Detection Of Hydrothermal Alteration Zones A Case Study in Siah-Jangal Area, South Eastern Iran ]]>
Digital Image Processing and Analysis Techniques for Detection Of Hydrothermal Alteration Zones A Case Study in Siah-Jangal Area, South Eastern Iran ]]> Fri, 06 Jan 2017 11:05:32 GMT /slideshow/hydrothermal-alteration-zones-70740711/70740711 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Hydrothermal alteration zones OmerMAhmed Digital Image Processing and Analysis Techniques for Detection Of Hydrothermal Alteration Zones A Case Study in Siah-Jangal Area, South Eastern Iran <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hydrothermalalterationzones-170106110532-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Digital Image Processing and Analysis Techniques for Detection Of Hydrothermal Alteration Zones A Case Study in Siah-Jangal Area, South Eastern Iran

Hydrothermal alteration zones from University of Kerala

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0 Principles of stratigraphy /slideshow/principles-of-stratigraphy-70556168/70556168 principlesofstratigraphy-161230175547
Introduction Stratigraphy is the study of strata (sedimentary layers) in the Earth's crust, it is the relationship between rocks and time. Stratigrapher are concerned with the observation, description and interpretation of direct and tangible evidence in rocks to determine the history of the Earth. The combination of sedimentology and stratigraphy allows us to build up pictures of the Earth’s surface at different times in different places and relate them to each other through the relative ages of rocks A more modern way of stating the same principle is that the laws of nature (laws of chemistry and physics) that have operated in the same way since the beginning of time. And thus if we understand the physical and chemical principles by which nature operates, we can assume that nature operated the same way in the past. Basic principles of stratigraphy Principle of Uniformitarianism Principle of Lateral Horizontality Principle of Superposition Principle of Cross-cutting Relations Principle of Inclusions Principle of Chilled Margins Correlation ]]>
Introduction Stratigraphy is the study of strata (sedimentary layers) in the Earth's crust, it is the relationship between rocks and time. Stratigrapher are concerned with the observation, description and interpretation of direct and tangible evidence in rocks to determine the history of the Earth. The combination of sedimentology and stratigraphy allows us to build up pictures of the Earth’s surface at different times in different places and relate them to each other through the relative ages of rocks A more modern way of stating the same principle is that the laws of nature (laws of chemistry and physics) that have operated in the same way since the beginning of time. And thus if we understand the physical and chemical principles by which nature operates, we can assume that nature operated the same way in the past. Basic principles of stratigraphy Principle of Uniformitarianism Principle of Lateral Horizontality Principle of Superposition Principle of Cross-cutting Relations Principle of Inclusions Principle of Chilled Margins Correlation ]]> Fri, 30 Dec 2016 17:55:47 GMT /slideshow/principles-of-stratigraphy-70556168/70556168 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Principles of stratigraphy OmerMAhmed Introduction Stratigraphy is the study of strata (sedimentary layers) in the Earth's crust, it is the relationship between rocks and time. Stratigrapher are concerned with the observation, description and interpretation of direct and tangible evidence in rocks to determine the history of the Earth. The combination of sedimentology and stratigraphy allows us to build up pictures of the Earth’s surface at different times in different places and relate them to each other through the relative ages of rocks A more modern way of stating the same principle is that the laws of nature (laws of chemistry and physics) that have operated in the same way since the beginning of time. And thus if we understand the physical and chemical principles by which nature operates, we can assume that nature operated the same way in the past. Basic principles of stratigraphy Principle of Uniformitarianism Principle of Lateral Horizontality Principle of Superposition Principle of Cross-cutting Relations Principle of Inclusions Principle of Chilled Margins Correlation <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/principlesofstratigraphy-161230175547-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Introduction Stratigraphy is the study of strata (sedimentary layers) in the Earth's crust, it is the relationship between rocks and time. Stratigrapher are concerned with the observation, description and interpretation of direct and tangible evidence in rocks to determine the history of the Earth. The combination of sedimentology and stratigraphy allows us to build up pictures of the Earth’s surface at different times in different places and relate them to each other through the relative ages of rocks A more modern way of stating the same principle is that the laws of nature (laws of chemistry and physics) that have operated in the same way since the beginning of time. And thus if we understand the physical and chemical principles by which nature operates, we can assume that nature operated the same way in the past. Basic principles of stratigraphy Principle of Uniformitarianism Principle of Lateral Horizontality Principle of Superposition Principle of Cross-cutting Relations Principle of Inclusions Principle of Chilled Margins Correlation

Principles of stratigraphy from University of Kerala

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0 Ultra high temperature metamorphism /slideshow/ultra-high-temperature-metamorphism/70556012 ultrahightemperaturemetamorphism-161230174739
The southern Indian granulite terrane is known for granulite - facies rocks which is formed during the ‘Pan-African orogeny. The region is composed of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian crustal blocks, dissected by large-scale shear zones (Palghat-Cauvery and Achankovil). The Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone System (PCSZ), separates the terrane into two parts, Archean Dharwar Craton in the north and the Neoproterozoic Madurai Block in the south. The southern margin of this block is defined by the Achankovil Shear Zone. Geology of the study area The Achankovil Shear Zone (ACSZ) is major lineament of 8-10 km width and >100 km length. The rocks in the zone display a prominent NW-SE trending foliation with steep dips to southwest. Estimation of pressure and temperature (P-T) of this lithology was first carried out by Santosh (1987) based on conventional geothermometers and mineral equilibrium, that gave 700-800◦ C at 5.5-7.0 kbar. Later study done by Nandakumar and Harley (2000) which is slightly higher 925 ± 20◦ C at 6.5-7.0 kbar . 3.1. Grt- Opx- Crd Gneiss The Grt-Opx-Crd gneiss is a coarse-grained, granulite-facies rock with a probable pelitic protolith. The mineralogy of a representative sample (KR19-5G1) is plagioclase (30-40%), ortho-pyroxene (20-30%), garnet (10-20%), K-feldspar (10-20%), quartz (5-10%), and cordierite (2-5%) with accessory of biotite, spinel, and sillimanite (Fig. 2a). Garnet is very coarse-grained (3-6 mm) ,subidioblastic, and contains numerous fine-grained inclusions of sillimanite (0.05-0.2 mm), biotite (0.05-0.4 mm), spinel (0.05-0.1 mm), and quartz (0.05-0.1 mm). The most significant feature of this rock is the direct contact relation of fine grained spinel and quartz (Spl + Qtz), which occur only as inclusions in garnet. Spl + Qtz association has been regarded as one of the indicators for decompression at UHT conditions. This is the first finding of such an assemblage from the ACSZ. ]]>
The southern Indian granulite terrane is known for granulite - facies rocks which is formed during the ‘Pan-African orogeny. The region is composed of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian crustal blocks, dissected by large-scale shear zones (Palghat-Cauvery and Achankovil). The Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone System (PCSZ), separates the terrane into two parts, Archean Dharwar Craton in the north and the Neoproterozoic Madurai Block in the south. The southern margin of this block is defined by the Achankovil Shear Zone. Geology of the study area The Achankovil Shear Zone (ACSZ) is major lineament of 8-10 km width and >100 km length. The rocks in the zone display a prominent NW-SE trending foliation with steep dips to southwest. Estimation of pressure and temperature (P-T) of this lithology was first carried out by Santosh (1987) based on conventional geothermometers and mineral equilibrium, that gave 700-800◦ C at 5.5-7.0 kbar. Later study done by Nandakumar and Harley (2000) which is slightly higher 925 ± 20◦ C at 6.5-7.0 kbar . 3.1. Grt- Opx- Crd Gneiss The Grt-Opx-Crd gneiss is a coarse-grained, granulite-facies rock with a probable pelitic protolith. The mineralogy of a representative sample (KR19-5G1) is plagioclase (30-40%), ortho-pyroxene (20-30%), garnet (10-20%), K-feldspar (10-20%), quartz (5-10%), and cordierite (2-5%) with accessory of biotite, spinel, and sillimanite (Fig. 2a). Garnet is very coarse-grained (3-6 mm) ,subidioblastic, and contains numerous fine-grained inclusions of sillimanite (0.05-0.2 mm), biotite (0.05-0.4 mm), spinel (0.05-0.1 mm), and quartz (0.05-0.1 mm). The most significant feature of this rock is the direct contact relation of fine grained spinel and quartz (Spl + Qtz), which occur only as inclusions in garnet. Spl + Qtz association has been regarded as one of the indicators for decompression at UHT conditions. This is the first finding of such an assemblage from the ACSZ. ]]> Fri, 30 Dec 2016 17:47:39 GMT /slideshow/ultra-high-temperature-metamorphism/70556012 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Ultra high temperature metamorphism OmerMAhmed The southern Indian granulite terrane is known for granulite - facies rocks which is formed during the ‘Pan-African orogeny. The region is composed of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian crustal blocks, dissected by large-scale shear zones (Palghat-Cauvery and Achankovil). The Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone System (PCSZ), separates the terrane into two parts, Archean Dharwar Craton in the north and the Neoproterozoic Madurai Block in the south. The southern margin of this block is defined by the Achankovil Shear Zone. Geology of the study area The Achankovil Shear Zone (ACSZ) is major lineament of 8-10 km width and >100 km length. The rocks in the zone display a prominent NW-SE trending foliation with steep dips to southwest. Estimation of pressure and temperature (P-T) of this lithology was first carried out by Santosh (1987) based on conventional geothermometers and mineral equilibrium, that gave 700-800◦ C at 5.5-7.0 kbar. Later study done by Nandakumar and Harley (2000) which is slightly higher 925 ± 20◦ C at 6.5-7.0 kbar . 3.1. Grt- Opx- Crd Gneiss The Grt-Opx-Crd gneiss is a coarse-grained, granulite-facies rock with a probable pelitic protolith. The mineralogy of a representative sample (KR19-5G1) is plagioclase (30-40%), ortho-pyroxene (20-30%), garnet (10-20%), K-feldspar (10-20%), quartz (5-10%), and cordierite (2-5%) with accessory of biotite, spinel, and sillimanite (Fig. 2a). Garnet is very coarse-grained (3-6 mm) ,subidioblastic, and contains numerous fine-grained inclusions of sillimanite (0.05-0.2 mm), biotite (0.05-0.4 mm), spinel (0.05-0.1 mm), and quartz (0.05-0.1 mm). The most significant feature of this rock is the direct contact relation of fine grained spinel and quartz (Spl + Qtz), which occur only as inclusions in garnet. Spl + Qtz association has been regarded as one of the indicators for decompression at UHT conditions. This is the first finding of such an assemblage from the ACSZ. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ultrahightemperaturemetamorphism-161230174739-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> The southern Indian granulite terrane is known for granulite - facies rocks which is formed during the ‘Pan-African orogeny. The region is composed of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian crustal blocks, dissected by large-scale shear zones (Palghat-Cauvery and Achankovil). The Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone System (PCSZ), separates the terrane into two parts, Archean Dharwar Craton in the north and the Neoproterozoic Madurai Block in the south. The southern margin of this block is defined by the Achankovil Shear Zone. Geology of the study area The Achankovil Shear Zone (ACSZ) is major lineament of 8-10 km width and >100 km length. The rocks in the zone display a prominent NW-SE trending foliation with steep dips to southwest. Estimation of pressure and temperature (P-T) of this lithology was first carried out by Santosh (1987) based on conventional geothermometers and mineral equilibrium, that gave 700-800◦ C at 5.5-7.0 kbar. Later study done by Nandakumar and Harley (2000) which is slightly higher 925 ± 20◦ C at 6.5-7.0 kbar . 3.1. Grt- Opx- Crd Gneiss The Grt-Opx-Crd gneiss is a coarse-grained, granulite-facies rock with a probable pelitic protolith. The mineralogy of a representative sample (KR19-5G1) is plagioclase (30-40%), ortho-pyroxene (20-30%), garnet (10-20%), K-feldspar (10-20%), quartz (5-10%), and cordierite (2-5%) with accessory of biotite, spinel, and sillimanite (Fig. 2a). Garnet is very coarse-grained (3-6 mm) ,subidioblastic, and contains numerous fine-grained inclusions of sillimanite (0.05-0.2 mm), biotite (0.05-0.4 mm), spinel (0.05-0.1 mm), and quartz (0.05-0.1 mm). The most significant feature of this rock is the direct contact relation of fine grained spinel and quartz (Spl + Qtz), which occur only as inclusions in garnet. Spl + Qtz association has been regarded as one of the indicators for decompression at UHT conditions. This is the first finding of such an assemblage from the ACSZ.

Ultra high temperature metamorphism from University of Kerala

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0 Well logging /slideshow/well-logging-68068670/68068670 welllogging-161102162140
Introduction Petrophysic of the rocks It is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the rocks related to the pores and fluid distribution Porosity, is ratio between volume of void to the total voids of the rock. Permeability, is ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it. Electric, most of the sedimentary rocks don’t have conductivity. Radiation, clay rocks have 40K, radiate alpha ray. Hardness, it depends on the cementing material and thickness of the sediments. WELL LOGGING The systematic recording of rock properties and it’s fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences (G.E Archie 1950). The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well. These methods are particularly good when surface outcrops are not available, but a direct sample of the rock is needed to be sure of the lithology. A wide range of physical parameters can be measured. In some cases, the measurements are not direct, it require interpretation by analogy or by correlating values between two or more logs run in the same hole. Provide information on lithology, boundaries of formations and stratigraphic correlation. Determine Porosity, Permeability, water, oil and gas saturation. Reservoir modeling and Structural studies… etc. Types of Well Logging Logs can be classified into several types under different category Permeability and lithology Logs Gamma Ray log Self Potential [SP] log Caliber log Porosity Logs Density log Sonic log Neutron log Electrical Logs Resistivity Log For contact : omerupto3@gmail.com ]]>
Introduction Petrophysic of the rocks It is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the rocks related to the pores and fluid distribution Porosity, is ratio between volume of void to the total voids of the rock. Permeability, is ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it. Electric, most of the sedimentary rocks don’t have conductivity. Radiation, clay rocks have 40K, radiate alpha ray. Hardness, it depends on the cementing material and thickness of the sediments. WELL LOGGING The systematic recording of rock properties and it’s fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences (G.E Archie 1950). The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well. These methods are particularly good when surface outcrops are not available, but a direct sample of the rock is needed to be sure of the lithology. A wide range of physical parameters can be measured. In some cases, the measurements are not direct, it require interpretation by analogy or by correlating values between two or more logs run in the same hole. Provide information on lithology, boundaries of formations and stratigraphic correlation. Determine Porosity, Permeability, water, oil and gas saturation. Reservoir modeling and Structural studies… etc. Types of Well Logging Logs can be classified into several types under different category Permeability and lithology Logs Gamma Ray log Self Potential [SP] log Caliber log Porosity Logs Density log Sonic log Neutron log Electrical Logs Resistivity Log For contact : omerupto3@gmail.com ]]> Wed, 02 Nov 2016 16:21:40 GMT /slideshow/well-logging-68068670/68068670 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Well logging OmerMAhmed Introduction Petrophysic of the rocks It is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the rocks related to the pores and fluid distribution Porosity, is ratio between volume of void to the total voids of the rock. Permeability, is ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it. Electric, most of the sedimentary rocks don’t have conductivity. Radiation, clay rocks have 40K, radiate alpha ray. Hardness, it depends on the cementing material and thickness of the sediments. WELL LOGGING The systematic recording of rock properties and �it’s fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences (G.E Archie 1950). The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well. These methods are particularly good when surface outcrops are not available, but a direct sample of the rock is needed to be sure of the lithology. A wide range of physical parameters can be measured. In some cases, the measurements are not direct, it require interpretation by analogy or by correlating values between two or more logs run in the same hole. Provide information on lithology, boundaries of formations and stratigraphic correlation. Determine Porosity, Permeability, water, oil and gas saturation. Reservoir modeling and Structural studies… etc. Types of Well Logging Logs can be classified into several types under different category Permeability and lithology Logs Gamma Ray log Self Potential [SP] log Caliber log Porosity Logs Density log Sonic log Neutron log Electrical Logs Resistivity Log For contact : omerupto3@gmail.com <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/welllogging-161102162140-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Introduction Petrophysic of the rocks It is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the rocks related to the pores and fluid distribution Porosity, is ratio between volume of void to the total voids of the rock. Permeability, is ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it. Electric, most of the sedimentary rocks don’t have conductivity. Radiation, clay rocks have 40K, radiate alpha ray. Hardness, it depends on the cementing material and thickness of the sediments. WELL LOGGING The systematic recording of rock properties and �it’s fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences (G.E Archie 1950). The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well. These methods are particularly good when surface outcrops are not available, but a direct sample of the rock is needed to be sure of the lithology. A wide range of physical parameters can be measured. In some cases, the measurements are not direct, it require interpretation by analogy or by correlating values between two or more logs run in the same hole. Provide information on lithology, boundaries of formations and stratigraphic correlation. Determine Porosity, Permeability, water, oil and gas saturation. Reservoir modeling and Structural studies… etc. Types of Well Logging Logs can be classified into several types under different category Permeability and lithology Logs Gamma Ray log Self Potential [SP] log Caliber log Porosity Logs Density log Sonic log Neutron log Electrical Logs Resistivity Log For contact : omerupto3@gmail.com

Well logging from University of Kerala

]]> 43192 11 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/welllogging-161102162140-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 Ophiolite /slideshow/ophiolite-66709035/66709035 ophiolite-161004093331
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents Economically : Massive Sulphide It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold. Chromite Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite Laterites (nickel and iron) Asbestos Talc Magenesite ophiolite sequence : Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle ]]>
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents Economically : Massive Sulphide It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold. Chromite Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite Laterites (nickel and iron) Asbestos Talc Magenesite ophiolite sequence : Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle ]]> Tue, 04 Oct 2016 09:33:31 GMT /slideshow/ophiolite-66709035/66709035 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Ophiolite OmerMAhmed The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents Economically : Massive Sulphide It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold. Chromite Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite Laterites (nickel and iron) Asbestos Talc Magenesite ophiolite sequence : Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ophiolite-161004093331-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents Economically : Massive Sulphide It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold. Chromite Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite Laterites (nickel and iron) Asbestos Talc Magenesite ophiolite sequence : Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle

Ophiolite from University of Kerala

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0 Ophiolite /slideshow/ophiolite-66709025/66709025 ophiolite-161004093308
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents The term ophiolite was initially given to dark green shiny outcrops which composed of serpentines (serpentinite rocks) later on become used not only to a single rock , but also to an association of related rock types which are found as a consistent of upper mantle rocks and oceanic crust. ophiolite sequence Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle ]]>
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents The term ophiolite was initially given to dark green shiny outcrops which composed of serpentines (serpentinite rocks) later on become used not only to a single rock , but also to an association of related rock types which are found as a consistent of upper mantle rocks and oceanic crust. ophiolite sequence Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle ]]> Tue, 04 Oct 2016 09:33:08 GMT /slideshow/ophiolite-66709025/66709025 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Ophiolite OmerMAhmed The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents The term ophiolite was initially given to dark green shiny outcrops which composed of serpentines (serpentinite rocks) later on become used not only to a single rock , but also to an association of related rock types which are found as a consistent of upper mantle rocks and oceanic crust. ophiolite sequence Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ophiolite-161004093308-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents The term ophiolite was initially given to dark green shiny outcrops which composed of serpentines (serpentinite rocks) later on become used not only to a single rock , but also to an association of related rock types which are found as a consistent of upper mantle rocks and oceanic crust. ophiolite sequence Sediments Pillow Lavas Dykes Gabbros Layered Gabbro Layered Peridotite Upper mantle

Ophiolite from University of Kerala

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0 Komatiite /slideshow/komatiite-66663036/66663036 komatiite-161003091452
Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites: ]]>
Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites: ]]> Mon, 03 Oct 2016 09:14:52 GMT /slideshow/komatiite-66663036/66663036 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Komatiite OmerMAhmed Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites: <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/komatiite-161003091452-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites:

Komatiite from University of Kerala

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0 Komatiite /slideshow/komatiite-66657002/66657002 komatiite-161003052626
Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites: The name Spinifex refer to a spiky grass in Australian. ]]>
Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites: The name Spinifex refer to a spiky grass in Australian. ]]> Mon, 03 Oct 2016 05:26:26 GMT /slideshow/komatiite-66657002/66657002 OmerMAhmed@slideshare.net(OmerMAhmed) Komatiite OmerMAhmed Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites: The name Spinifex refer to a spiky grass in Australian. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/komatiite-161003052626-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Komattite Named after the Komati River in South Africa. first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa. Mostly of komatiite are Archean age distributed in the Archaean shield areas. Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium. Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive. Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada. The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa. Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites: The name Spinifex refer to a spiky grass in Australian.

Komatiite from University of Kerala

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0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-OmerMAhmed-48x48.jpg?cb=1717355366 Ambitious provisional geologist who thinks in terms of outcomes and objectives. I'm positive and work with enthusiasm to develop effective ways in interacting with people and pursue assured goals. www.linkedin.com/in/omerupto3 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/magneticsurveyforexploration-240602150634-f28e354e-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/magnetic-survey-for-exploration-and-its-interpretation-pptx/269466753 Magnetic Survey for ex... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/evolutionofthecontinentalcrust-170430182624-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/evolution-of-the-continental-crust/75547948 Evolution of the conti... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/impactofclimaticchangeonbiosphere-170430181235-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/impact-of-climatic-change-on-biosphere/75547664 Impact of climatic cha...