�ݺ�ߣshows by User: Rockstarvj009

�ݺ�ߣshows by User: Rockstarvj009 / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif �ݺ�ߣshows by User: Rockstarvj009 / Mon, 15 Apr 2019 14:10:39 GMT �ݺ�ߣShare feed for �ݺ�ߣshows by User: Rockstarvj009 Clostridium /slideshow/clostridium-140872852/140872852 clostridium-190415141039
CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM Pleomorphic bacillus Oval, central/subterminal spores Anaerobic. saccharolytic, abundant gas Four distinct toxins Alpha toxin is hemolytic, demonecrotic and lethal Gas gangrene in humans CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI Large, pleomorphic bacillus Oval, subterminal spores Strict anaerobe Type A – causes gas gangrene Large amounts of edema fluid, little or no observable gas, high mortality CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM Oval, subterminal, bulging spores Proteolytic Gas gangrene in humans Infection – exogenous/endogenous Exogenous – implanted foreign particles Endogenous – clean surgical procedures ANAEROBIC WOUND INFECTIONS Simple wound contamination – no invasion of tissue Anaerobic cellulitis – invasion of fascial planes, minimal toxin production, no invasion of muscle tissue Anaerobic myositis – gas gangrene, invasion of muscle tissue, abundant formation of exotoxins GAS GANGRENE Rapidly spreading, edematous myonecrosis in association with severe wounds of extensive muscle mass Etiology C. perfringens C. novyi C. septicum C. histolyticum Incubation period – 7 hours to 6 weeks C. perfringens – 10–48 hours C. septicum – 2–3 days C. novyi – 5–6 days Increasing pain, tenderness and edema over the affected part Accumulation of gas – crepitus Untreated – profound toxemia and prostratio LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis on clinical grounds Laboratory – confirmation of diagnosis and identification of infecting organism SPECIMEN Films – edge of affected area, tissue from necrotic area, exudate from deeper part of wound Exudate collected from depth of wound – collected by capillary pipette or swab Necrotic tissue/muscle fragments C. perfringens – Gram-positive bacilli without spores C. septicum – boat- or leaf-shaped pleomorphic bacilli C. novyi – large bacilli with oval or subterminal spores Naegler reaction Reverse CAMP test Surgery – most important therapeutic and prophylactic measure in gas gangrene Damaged tissue removed extensively and promptly Hyperbaric oxygen ]]>
CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM Pleomorphic bacillus Oval, central/subterminal spores Anaerobic. saccharolytic, abundant gas Four distinct toxins Alpha toxin is hemolytic, demonecrotic and lethal Gas gangrene in humans CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI Large, pleomorphic bacillus Oval, subterminal spores Strict anaerobe Type A – causes gas gangrene Large amounts of edema fluid, little or no observable gas, high mortality CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM Oval, subterminal, bulging spores Proteolytic Gas gangrene in humans Infection – exogenous/endogenous Exogenous – implanted foreign particles Endogenous – clean surgical procedures ANAEROBIC WOUND INFECTIONS Simple wound contamination – no invasion of tissue Anaerobic cellulitis – invasion of fascial planes, minimal toxin production, no invasion of muscle tissue Anaerobic myositis – gas gangrene, invasion of muscle tissue, abundant formation of exotoxins GAS GANGRENE Rapidly spreading, edematous myonecrosis in association with severe wounds of extensive muscle mass Etiology C. perfringens C. novyi C. septicum C. histolyticum Incubation period – 7 hours to 6 weeks C. perfringens – 10–48 hours C. septicum – 2–3 days C. novyi – 5–6 days Increasing pain, tenderness and edema over the affected part Accumulation of gas – crepitus Untreated – profound toxemia and prostratio LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis on clinical grounds Laboratory – confirmation of diagnosis and identification of infecting organism SPECIMEN Films – edge of affected area, tissue from necrotic area, exudate from deeper part of wound Exudate collected from depth of wound – collected by capillary pipette or swab Necrotic tissue/muscle fragments C. perfringens – Gram-positive bacilli without spores C. septicum – boat- or leaf-shaped pleomorphic bacilli C. novyi – large bacilli with oval or subterminal spores Naegler reaction Reverse CAMP test Surgery – most important therapeutic and prophylactic measure in gas gangrene Damaged tissue removed extensively and promptly Hyperbaric oxygen ]]> Mon, 15 Apr 2019 14:10:39 GMT /slideshow/clostridium-140872852/140872852 Rockstarvj009@slideshare.net(Rockstarvj009) Clostridium Rockstarvj009 CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM Pleomorphic bacillus Oval, central/subterminal spores Anaerobic. saccharolytic, abundant gas Four distinct toxins Alpha toxin is hemolytic, demonecrotic and lethal Gas gangrene in humans CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI Large, pleomorphic bacillus Oval, subterminal spores Strict anaerobe Type A – causes gas gangrene Large amounts of edema fluid, little or no observable gas, high mortality CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM Oval, subterminal, bulging spores Proteolytic Gas gangrene in humans Infection – exogenous/endogenous Exogenous – implanted foreign particles Endogenous – clean surgical procedures ANAEROBIC WOUND INFECTIONS Simple wound contamination – no invasion of tissue Anaerobic cellulitis – invasion of fascial planes, minimal toxin production, no invasion of muscle tissue Anaerobic myositis – gas gangrene, invasion of muscle tissue, abundant formation of exotoxins GAS GANGRENE Rapidly spreading, edematous myonecrosis in association with severe wounds of extensive muscle mass Etiology C. perfringens C. novyi C. septicum C. histolyticum Incubation period – 7 hours to 6 weeks C. perfringens – 10–48 hours C. septicum – 2–3 days C. novyi – 5–6 days Increasing pain, tenderness and edema over the affected part Accumulation of gas – crepitus Untreated – profound toxemia and prostratio LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis on clinical grounds Laboratory – confirmation of diagnosis and identification of infecting organism SPECIMEN Films – edge of affected area, tissue from necrotic area, exudate from deeper part of wound Exudate collected from depth of wound – collected by capillary pipette or swab Necrotic tissue/muscle fragments C. perfringens – Gram-positive bacilli without spores C. septicum – boat- or leaf-shaped pleomorphic bacilli C. novyi – large bacilli with oval or subterminal spores Naegler reaction Reverse CAMP test Surgery – most important therapeutic and prophylactic measure in gas gangrene Damaged tissue removed extensively and promptly Hyperbaric oxygen <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/clostridium-190415141039-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM Pleomorphic bacillus Oval, central/subterminal spores Anaerobic. saccharolytic, abundant gas Four distinct toxins Alpha toxin is hemolytic, demonecrotic and lethal Gas gangrene in humans CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI Large, pleomorphic bacillus Oval, subterminal spores Strict anaerobe Type A – causes gas gangrene Large amounts of edema fluid, little or no observable gas, high mortality CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM Oval, subterminal, bulging spores Proteolytic Gas gangrene in humans Infection – exogenous/endogenous Exogenous – implanted foreign particles Endogenous – clean surgical procedures ANAEROBIC WOUND INFECTIONS Simple wound contamination – no invasion of tissue Anaerobic cellulitis – invasion of fascial planes, minimal toxin production, no invasion of muscle tissue Anaerobic myositis – gas gangrene, invasion of muscle tissue, abundant formation of exotoxins GAS GANGRENE Rapidly spreading, edematous myonecrosis in association with severe wounds of extensive muscle mass Etiology C. perfringens C. novyi C. septicum C. histolyticum Incubation period – 7 hours to 6 weeks C. perfringens – 10–48 hours C. septicum – 2–3 days C. novyi – 5–6 days Increasing pain, tenderness and edema over the affected part Accumulation of gas – crepitus Untreated – profound toxemia and prostratio LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis on clinical grounds Laboratory – confirmation of diagnosis and identification of infecting organism SPECIMEN Films – edge of affected area, tissue from necrotic area, exudate from deeper part of wound Exudate collected from depth of wound – collected by capillary pipette or swab Necrotic tissue/muscle fragments C. perfringens – Gram-positive bacilli without spores C. septicum – boat- or leaf-shaped pleomorphic bacilli C. novyi – large bacilli with oval or subterminal spores Naegler reaction Reverse CAMP test Surgery – most important therapeutic and prophylactic measure in gas gangrene Damaged tissue removed extensively and promptly Hyperbaric oxygen

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0 Microscope /slideshow/microscope-140871632/140871632 microscope-190415140336
Introduction History Compound microscope Variants of microscopes Dark field microscope Phase contrast microscope Fluorescent microscope Polarising microscope Electron microscope A Microscope is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked/ unaided eyes. In Greek micron= small skopien=to look at The science of investigating small object using such an instrument is called microscopy The term microscopic means minute or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a microscope From ancient times, man wanted to see things for smaller than could be perceived with the naked eye. This led to the construction in the 16th century, of a magnifier composed of a single convex lens, and this in turn led to the eventual development of the microscope. The most famous early pioneers in the history of microscope are Digges of England and Hans & Zcharias Janssen of Holland It was Antony Van Leeuwenhoek who became the man to make and use a real microscope. Leeuwenhoek microscope was called as single lens microscope because it had convex lens attached to metal holder and was focused using screws ]]>
Introduction History Compound microscope Variants of microscopes Dark field microscope Phase contrast microscope Fluorescent microscope Polarising microscope Electron microscope A Microscope is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked/ unaided eyes. In Greek micron= small skopien=to look at The science of investigating small object using such an instrument is called microscopy The term microscopic means minute or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a microscope From ancient times, man wanted to see things for smaller than could be perceived with the naked eye. This led to the construction in the 16th century, of a magnifier composed of a single convex lens, and this in turn led to the eventual development of the microscope. The most famous early pioneers in the history of microscope are Digges of England and Hans & Zcharias Janssen of Holland It was Antony Van Leeuwenhoek who became the man to make and use a real microscope. Leeuwenhoek microscope was called as single lens microscope because it had convex lens attached to metal holder and was focused using screws ]]> Mon, 15 Apr 2019 14:03:36 GMT /slideshow/microscope-140871632/140871632 Rockstarvj009@slideshare.net(Rockstarvj009) Microscope Rockstarvj009 Introduction History Compound microscope Variants of microscopes Dark field microscope Phase contrast microscope Fluorescent microscope Polarising microscope Electron microscope A Microscope is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked/ unaided eyes. In Greek micron= small skopien=to look at The science of investigating small object using such an instrument is called microscopy The term microscopic means minute or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a microscope From ancient times, man wanted to see things for smaller than could be perceived with the naked eye. This led to the construction in the 16th century, of a magnifier composed of a single convex lens, and this in turn led to the eventual development of the microscope. The most famous early pioneers in the history of microscope are Digges of England and Hans & Zcharias Janssen of Holland It was Antony Van Leeuwenhoek who became the man to make and use a real microscope. Leeuwenhoek microscope was called as single lens microscope because it had convex lens attached to metal holder and was focused using screws <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/microscope-190415140336-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Introduction History Compound microscope Variants of microscopes Dark field microscope Phase contrast microscope Fluorescent microscope Polarising microscope Electron microscope A Microscope is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked/ unaided eyes. In Greek micron= small skopien=to look at The science of investigating small object using such an instrument is called microscopy The term microscopic means minute or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a microscope From ancient times, man wanted to see things for smaller than could be perceived with the naked eye. This led to the construction in the 16th century, of a magnifier composed of a single convex lens, and this in turn led to the eventual development of the microscope. The most famous early pioneers in the history of microscope are Digges of England and Hans & Zcharias Janssen of Holland It was Antony Van Leeuwenhoek who became the man to make and use a real microscope. Leeuwenhoek microscope was called as single lens microscope because it had convex lens attached to metal holder and was focused using screws

Microscope from Rockstarvj009

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0 Culture methods /slideshow/culture-methods-140601575/140601575 culturemethods-190412163111
CULTURE METHODS Indications for culture - Isolate bacteria in pure cultures. Demonstrate their properties. Obtain sufficient growth for preparation of antigens & for other tests. Typing bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity. Estimate viable counts. Maintain stock cultures. Streak culture or surface plating Lawn or carpet culture Stroke culture Stab culture Pour plate method Anaerobic methods of culturing bacteria Streak Culture Routinely employed for isolation Platinum / Nichrome loops LAWN OR CARPET CULTURE Uniform surface growth Bacteriophage typing Antibiotic sensitivity testing Preparation of bacterial antigens & vaccines STOKE CULTURE Tubes containing agar slopes For slide agglutination & other diagnostic tests. STAB CULTURE By puncturing a suitable medium with a long, straight charged wire. For gelatin liquefaction, stock cultures & motility POUR PLATE METHOD 1 ml of appropriately diluted inoculum is added to 15 ml of molten agar and poured on petridish. Colonies appear through out the depth of medium. Used to estimate viable count, recommended method for quantitative urine cultures. BROTH CULTURE Inoculated by a charged loop, pipette or syringes. For blood cultures & sterility testing. ]]>
CULTURE METHODS Indications for culture - Isolate bacteria in pure cultures. Demonstrate their properties. Obtain sufficient growth for preparation of antigens & for other tests. Typing bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity. Estimate viable counts. Maintain stock cultures. Streak culture or surface plating Lawn or carpet culture Stroke culture Stab culture Pour plate method Anaerobic methods of culturing bacteria Streak Culture Routinely employed for isolation Platinum / Nichrome loops LAWN OR CARPET CULTURE Uniform surface growth Bacteriophage typing Antibiotic sensitivity testing Preparation of bacterial antigens & vaccines STOKE CULTURE Tubes containing agar slopes For slide agglutination & other diagnostic tests. STAB CULTURE By puncturing a suitable medium with a long, straight charged wire. For gelatin liquefaction, stock cultures & motility POUR PLATE METHOD 1 ml of appropriately diluted inoculum is added to 15 ml of molten agar and poured on petridish. Colonies appear through out the depth of medium. Used to estimate viable count, recommended method for quantitative urine cultures. BROTH CULTURE Inoculated by a charged loop, pipette or syringes. For blood cultures & sterility testing. ]]> Fri, 12 Apr 2019 16:31:11 GMT /slideshow/culture-methods-140601575/140601575 Rockstarvj009@slideshare.net(Rockstarvj009) Culture methods Rockstarvj009 CULTURE METHODS Indications for culture - Isolate bacteria in pure cultures. Demonstrate their properties. Obtain sufficient growth for preparation of antigens & for other tests. Typing bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity. Estimate viable counts. Maintain stock cultures. Streak culture or surface plating Lawn or carpet culture Stroke culture Stab culture Pour plate method Anaerobic methods of culturing bacteria Streak Culture Routinely employed for isolation Platinum / Nichrome loops LAWN OR CARPET CULTURE Uniform surface growth Bacteriophage typing Antibiotic sensitivity testing Preparation of bacterial antigens & vaccines STOKE CULTURE Tubes containing agar slopes For slide agglutination & other diagnostic tests. STAB CULTURE By puncturing a suitable medium with a long, straight charged wire. For gelatin liquefaction, stock cultures & motility POUR PLATE METHOD 1 ml of appropriately diluted inoculum is added to 15 ml of molten agar and poured on petridish. Colonies appear through out the depth of medium. Used to estimate viable count, recommended method for quantitative urine cultures. BROTH CULTURE Inoculated by a charged loop, pipette or syringes. For blood cultures & sterility testing. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/culturemethods-190412163111-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> CULTURE METHODS Indications for culture - Isolate bacteria in pure cultures. Demonstrate their properties. Obtain sufficient growth for preparation of antigens & for other tests. Typing bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity. Estimate viable counts. Maintain stock cultures. Streak culture or surface plating Lawn or carpet culture Stroke culture Stab culture Pour plate method Anaerobic methods of culturing bacteria Streak Culture Routinely employed for isolation Platinum / Nichrome loops LAWN OR CARPET CULTURE Uniform surface growth Bacteriophage typing Antibiotic sensitivity testing Preparation of bacterial antigens & vaccines STOKE CULTURE Tubes containing agar slopes For slide agglutination & other diagnostic tests. STAB CULTURE By puncturing a suitable medium with a long, straight charged wire. For gelatin liquefaction, stock cultures & motility POUR PLATE METHOD 1 ml of appropriately diluted inoculum is added to 15 ml of molten agar and poured on petridish. Colonies appear through out the depth of medium. Used to estimate viable count, recommended method for quantitative urine cultures. BROTH CULTURE Inoculated by a charged loop, pipette or syringes. For blood cultures & sterility testing.

Culture methods from Rockstarvj009

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0 Biochemical reactions new /slideshow/biochemical-reactions-new-140600391/140600391 biochemicalreactionsnew-190412162327
INDOLE TEST UREASE TEST CITRATE TEST METHYL RED(MR) TEST VOGES – PROSKAUER(VP) TEST TRIPLE SUGAR IRON(TSI) TEST OXIDASE TEST CATALASE TEST CATALASE TEST-Principle:- This test demonstrates presence of catalase enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the release of O2 from H2O2. catalase 2H2O2 H2O + increase O2 Reagents:- 1) 3% H2O2. 2) 24 hrs cultured organisms Procedure:- With sterile wooden stick transfer culture organisms to test tube containing 3% H2O2 and observe for production of effervescence. It can also be tested directly on growth plate. Positive Control: Staphylococci. Negative Control: Streptococci. False positive reactions: If culture medium contains catalase enzyme e.g., blood agar, chocolate agar. If iron wire loop is used ]]>
INDOLE TEST UREASE TEST CITRATE TEST METHYL RED(MR) TEST VOGES – PROSKAUER(VP) TEST TRIPLE SUGAR IRON(TSI) TEST OXIDASE TEST CATALASE TEST CATALASE TEST-Principle:- This test demonstrates presence of catalase enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the release of O2 from H2O2. catalase 2H2O2 H2O + increase O2 Reagents:- 1) 3% H2O2. 2) 24 hrs cultured organisms Procedure:- With sterile wooden stick transfer culture organisms to test tube containing 3% H2O2 and observe for production of effervescence. It can also be tested directly on growth plate. Positive Control: Staphylococci. Negative Control: Streptococci. False positive reactions: If culture medium contains catalase enzyme e.g., blood agar, chocolate agar. If iron wire loop is used ]]> Fri, 12 Apr 2019 16:23:27 GMT /slideshow/biochemical-reactions-new-140600391/140600391 Rockstarvj009@slideshare.net(Rockstarvj009) Biochemical reactions new Rockstarvj009 INDOLE TEST UREASE TEST CITRATE TEST METHYL RED(MR) TEST VOGES – PROSKAUER(VP) TEST TRIPLE SUGAR IRON(TSI) TEST OXIDASE TEST CATALASE TEST CATALASE TEST-Principle:- This test demonstrates presence of catalase enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the release of O2 from H2O2. catalase 2H2O2 H2O + increase O2 Reagents:- 1) 3% H2O2. 2) 24 hrs cultured organisms Procedure:- With sterile wooden stick transfer culture organisms to test tube containing 3% H2O2 and observe for production of effervescence. It can also be tested directly on growth plate. Positive Control: Staphylococci. Negative Control: Streptococci. False positive reactions: If culture medium contains catalase enzyme e.g., blood agar, chocolate agar. If iron wire loop is used <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/biochemicalreactionsnew-190412162327-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> INDOLE TEST UREASE TEST CITRATE TEST METHYL RED(MR) TEST VOGES – PROSKAUER(VP) TEST TRIPLE SUGAR IRON(TSI) TEST OXIDASE TEST CATALASE TEST CATALASE TEST-Principle:- This test demonstrates presence of catalase enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the release of O2 from H2O2. catalase 2H2O2 H2O + increase O2 Reagents:- 1) 3% H2O2. 2) 24 hrs cultured organisms Procedure:- With sterile wooden stick transfer culture organisms to test tube containing 3% H2O2 and observe for production of effervescence. It can also be tested directly on growth plate. Positive Control: Staphylococci. Negative Control: Streptococci. False positive reactions: If culture medium contains catalase enzyme e.g., blood agar, chocolate agar. If iron wire loop is used

Biochemical reactions new from Rockstarvj009

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0 Introduction to mycology & superficial mycoses /Rockstarvj009/introduction-to-mycology-superficial-mycoses introductiontomycologysuperficialmycoses-190314061128
Introduction to mycology-characteristics of fungus,Classification of fungus,morphological classification-yeast,yeastlike,dimorphic fungi,molds,Phycomycetes: Lower fungi, non-septate hyphae, sporangia with sporangiospores Ascomycetes: Yeast and filamentous fungi Basidiomycetes: Forms sexual spores on basidium – basidiospores Deuteromycetes or fungi Imperfecti: Sexual phase not identified – medically important fungi Primarily pathogenic: Causes infection in healthy individuals – Histoplasma capsulatum Opportunistic pathogens: Causes infection only in immunosuppressed – Mucor, Rhizopus Pathogenic fungi cause: Tissue invasion Superficial mycoses Cutaneous mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Deep or visceral mycoses Mycotoxicosis: Due to toxic metabolites Aflatoxin and ergotoxin Hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Allergic fungal rhino sinusitisLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONSpecimen collection -skin scrapping -hair -nail -sputum -blood-systemic mycoses -CSF-Cryptococcal meningitis Direct microscopy 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) – skin scrapings Gram stain – Candida India ink and Nigrosin stain – Cryptococcus Lactophenol cotton blue – hyphae in fungal culture, tease mount KOH MOUNT10% KOH – skin,hair 20-40% - nail Glycerol (10%) added to prevent drying LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE(LPCB)Phenol acts as disinfectant Lactic acid preserves morphology of fungi Glycerol prevents drying Cotton blue stains the fungal elements blue Used to study the microscopic appearance of fungal isolates grown in culture INDIA INK CRYTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS GRAMS STAIN Useful for identifying yeast like fungi( eg Candida) and yeast(eg crytococcus) CALCOFLOUR WHITE STAIN-More sensitive Binds to chitin and cellulose of fungal cell wall and fluoresence under UV light CULTURE,CULTURE MEDIA,Sabouraud’s dextrose agar(SDA): 1%peptone, 4%dextrose, pH 5.6. Antibiotics such as cycloheximide (actidione), chloramphenicol,gentamicin added to SDA to inhibit bacterial growth and contaminat moulds,SLIDE CULTURE TECHNIQUE,CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGAL DISEASES,Superficial mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Systemic mycoses Opportunistic mycoses,Surface Infection: Fungi lives on dead layers of skin and its appendages No inflammatory response Examples: Tinea versicolor Tinea nigra & Piedra Cutaneous Infections: Confined to cornified layers of skin and its appendages Inflammatory and allergic responses are induced Examples: Dermatophytosis Candida infection of skin PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR-SPAGHETTI and MEATBALL APPEARENCE TINEA NIGRA-Exophiala werneckii PIEDRA-Fungal infection of hair Firm irregular nodules along the hair shaft Black Piedra: caused by Piedraia hortae White Piedra: caused by Trichosporon beigelii ]]>
Introduction to mycology-characteristics of fungus,Classification of fungus,morphological classification-yeast,yeastlike,dimorphic fungi,molds,Phycomycetes: Lower fungi, non-septate hyphae, sporangia with sporangiospores Ascomycetes: Yeast and filamentous fungi Basidiomycetes: Forms sexual spores on basidium – basidiospores Deuteromycetes or fungi Imperfecti: Sexual phase not identified – medically important fungi Primarily pathogenic: Causes infection in healthy individuals – Histoplasma capsulatum Opportunistic pathogens: Causes infection only in immunosuppressed – Mucor, Rhizopus Pathogenic fungi cause: Tissue invasion Superficial mycoses Cutaneous mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Deep or visceral mycoses Mycotoxicosis: Due to toxic metabolites Aflatoxin and ergotoxin Hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Allergic fungal rhino sinusitisLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONSpecimen collection -skin scrapping -hair -nail -sputum -blood-systemic mycoses -CSF-Cryptococcal meningitis Direct microscopy 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) – skin scrapings Gram stain – Candida India ink and Nigrosin stain – Cryptococcus Lactophenol cotton blue – hyphae in fungal culture, tease mount KOH MOUNT10% KOH – skin,hair 20-40% - nail Glycerol (10%) added to prevent drying LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE(LPCB)Phenol acts as disinfectant Lactic acid preserves morphology of fungi Glycerol prevents drying Cotton blue stains the fungal elements blue Used to study the microscopic appearance of fungal isolates grown in culture INDIA INK CRYTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS GRAMS STAIN Useful for identifying yeast like fungi( eg Candida) and yeast(eg crytococcus) CALCOFLOUR WHITE STAIN-More sensitive Binds to chitin and cellulose of fungal cell wall and fluoresence under UV light CULTURE,CULTURE MEDIA,Sabouraud’s dextrose agar(SDA): 1%peptone, 4%dextrose, pH 5.6. Antibiotics such as cycloheximide (actidione), chloramphenicol,gentamicin added to SDA to inhibit bacterial growth and contaminat moulds,SLIDE CULTURE TECHNIQUE,CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGAL DISEASES,Superficial mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Systemic mycoses Opportunistic mycoses,Surface Infection: Fungi lives on dead layers of skin and its appendages No inflammatory response Examples: Tinea versicolor Tinea nigra & Piedra Cutaneous Infections: Confined to cornified layers of skin and its appendages Inflammatory and allergic responses are induced Examples: Dermatophytosis Candida infection of skin PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR-SPAGHETTI and MEATBALL APPEARENCE TINEA NIGRA-Exophiala werneckii PIEDRA-Fungal infection of hair Firm irregular nodules along the hair shaft Black Piedra: caused by Piedraia hortae White Piedra: caused by Trichosporon beigelii ]]> Thu, 14 Mar 2019 06:11:28 GMT /Rockstarvj009/introduction-to-mycology-superficial-mycoses Rockstarvj009@slideshare.net(Rockstarvj009) Introduction to mycology & superficial mycoses Rockstarvj009 Introduction to mycology-characteristics of fungus,Classification of fungus,morphological classification-yeast,yeastlike,dimorphic fungi,molds,Phycomycetes: Lower fungi, non-septate hyphae, sporangia with sporangiospores Ascomycetes: Yeast and filamentous fungi Basidiomycetes: Forms sexual spores on basidium – basidiospores Deuteromycetes or fungi Imperfecti: Sexual phase not identified – medically important fungi Primarily pathogenic: Causes infection in healthy individuals – Histoplasma capsulatum Opportunistic pathogens: Causes infection only in immunosuppressed – Mucor, Rhizopus Pathogenic fungi cause: Tissue invasion Superficial mycoses Cutaneous mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Deep or visceral mycoses Mycotoxicosis: Due to toxic metabolites Aflatoxin and ergotoxin Hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Allergic fungal rhino sinusitisLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONSpecimen collection -skin scrapping -hair -nail -sputum -blood-systemic mycoses -CSF-Cryptococcal meningitis Direct microscopy 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) – skin scrapings Gram stain – Candida India ink and Nigrosin stain – Cryptococcus Lactophenol cotton blue – hyphae in fungal culture, tease mount KOH MOUNT10% KOH – skin,hair 20-40% - nail Glycerol (10%) added to prevent drying LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE(LPCB)Phenol acts as disinfectant Lactic acid preserves morphology of fungi Glycerol prevents drying Cotton blue stains the fungal elements blue Used to study the microscopic appearance of fungal isolates grown in culture INDIA INK CRYTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS GRAMS STAIN Useful for identifying yeast like fungi( eg Candida) and yeast(eg crytococcus) CALCOFLOUR WHITE STAIN-More sensitive Binds to chitin and cellulose of fungal cell wall and fluoresence under UV light CULTURE,CULTURE MEDIA,Sabouraud’s dextrose agar(SDA): 1%peptone, 4%dextrose, pH 5.6. Antibiotics such as cycloheximide (actidione), chloramphenicol,gentamicin added to SDA to inhibit bacterial growth and contaminat moulds,SLIDE CULTURE TECHNIQUE,CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGAL DISEASES,Superficial mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Systemic mycoses Opportunistic mycoses,Surface Infection: Fungi lives on dead layers of skin and its appendages No inflammatory response Examples: Tinea versicolor Tinea nigra & Piedra Cutaneous Infections: Confined to cornified layers of skin and its appendages Inflammatory and allergic responses are induced Examples: Dermatophytosis Candida infection of skin PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR-SPAGHETTI and MEATBALL APPEARENCE TINEA NIGRA-Exophiala werneckii PIEDRA-Fungal infection of hair Firm irregular nodules along the hair shaft Black Piedra: caused by Piedraia hortae White Piedra: caused by Trichosporon beigelii <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/introductiontomycologysuperficialmycoses-190314061128-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Introduction to mycology-characteristics of fungus,Classification of fungus,morphological classification-yeast,yeastlike,dimorphic fungi,molds,Phycomycetes: Lower fungi, non-septate hyphae, sporangia with sporangiospores Ascomycetes: Yeast and filamentous fungi Basidiomycetes: Forms sexual spores on basidium – basidiospores Deuteromycetes or fungi Imperfecti: Sexual phase not identified – medically important fungi Primarily pathogenic: Causes infection in healthy individuals – Histoplasma capsulatum Opportunistic pathogens: Causes infection only in immunosuppressed – Mucor, Rhizopus Pathogenic fungi cause: Tissue invasion Superficial mycoses Cutaneous mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Deep or visceral mycoses Mycotoxicosis: Due to toxic metabolites Aflatoxin and ergotoxin Hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Allergic fungal rhino sinusitisLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONSpecimen collection -skin scrapping -hair -nail -sputum -blood-systemic mycoses -CSF-Cryptococcal meningitis Direct microscopy 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) – skin scrapings Gram stain – Candida India ink and Nigrosin stain – Cryptococcus Lactophenol cotton blue – hyphae in fungal culture, tease mount KOH MOUNT10% KOH – skin,hair 20-40% - nail Glycerol (10%) added to prevent drying LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE(LPCB)Phenol acts as disinfectant Lactic acid preserves morphology of fungi Glycerol prevents drying Cotton blue stains the fungal elements blue Used to study the microscopic appearance of fungal isolates grown in culture INDIA INK CRYTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS GRAMS STAIN Useful for identifying yeast like fungi( eg Candida) and yeast(eg crytococcus) CALCOFLOUR WHITE STAIN-More sensitive Binds to chitin and cellulose of fungal cell wall and fluoresence under UV light CULTURE,CULTURE MEDIA,Sabouraud’s dextrose agar(SDA): 1%peptone, 4%dextrose, pH 5.6. Antibiotics such as cycloheximide (actidione), chloramphenicol,gentamicin added to SDA to inhibit bacterial growth and contaminat moulds,SLIDE CULTURE TECHNIQUE,CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGAL DISEASES,Superficial mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Systemic mycoses Opportunistic mycoses,Surface Infection: Fungi lives on dead layers of skin and its appendages No inflammatory response Examples: Tinea versicolor Tinea nigra & Piedra Cutaneous Infections: Confined to cornified layers of skin and its appendages Inflammatory and allergic responses are induced Examples: Dermatophytosis Candida infection of skin PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR-SPAGHETTI and MEATBALL APPEARENCE TINEA NIGRA-Exophiala werneckii PIEDRA-Fungal infection of hair Firm irregular nodules along the hair shaft Black Piedra: caused by Piedraia hortae White Piedra: caused by Trichosporon beigelii

Introduction to mycology & superficial mycoses from Rockstarvj009

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