際際滷shows by User: alkamukherjee / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif 際際滷shows by User: alkamukherjee / Sat, 07 Nov 2020 14:38:51 GMT 際際滷Share feed for 際際滷shows by User: alkamukherjee Management of anaemia in pregnancy BY DR ALKA MUKHERJEE DR APURVA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR M S INDIA /slideshow/management-of-anaemia-in-pregnancy-239140824/239140824 managementofanaemiainpregnancy-201107143851
Prenatal vitamins typically contain iron. Taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron can help prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. In some cases, your health care provider might recommend a separate iron supplement. During pregnancy, you need 27 milligrams of iron a day. Good nutrition also can prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Dietary sources of iron include lean red meat, poultry and fish. Other options include iron-fortified breakfast cereals, prune juice, dried beans and peas. The iron from animal products, such as meat, is most easily absorbed. To enhance the absorption of iron from plant sources and supplements, pair them with a food or drink high in vitamin C such as orange juice, tomato juice or strawberries. If you take iron supplements with orange juice, avoid the calcium-fortified variety. Although calcium is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, calcium can decrease iron absorption. How is iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy treated? If you are taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron and you are anemic, your health care provider might recommend testing to determine other possible causes. In some cases, you might need to see a doctor who specializes in treating blood disorders (hematologist). If the cause is iron deficiency, additional supplemental iron might be suggested. If you have a history of gastric bypass or small bowel surgery or are unable to tolerate oral iron, you might need intravenous iron administration. Oral iron is recommended as the first line treatment, with repeated checking of Hb at 2 to 3 weeks after starting treatment to assess compliance, correct administration and response to treatmentOnce Hb reaches the normal range, it is recommended that iron replacement should continue for three months and until at least six weeks postpartumIntravenous (IV) iron is recommended for women who could not tolerate or respond to oral iron, and for those with moderately severe to severe anemia (Hb 90 g/LHb be measured within 24 to 48 hours after delivery in women with blood loss more than 500 mL, those with uncorrected anemia detected during pregnancy or those with symptoms suggestive of anemia postnatallyOral iron is recommended for women with Hb <100 g/L postpartum, who are hemodynamically stable, asymptomatic or mild symptomatic Anemia signs and symptoms include: Fatigue Weakness Pale or yellowish skin Irregular heartbeats Shortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadedness Chest pain Cold hands and feet Headache Keep in mind, however, that symptoms of anemia are often similar to general pregnancy symptoms. Regardless of whether or not you have symptoms, you'll have blood tests to screen for anemia during pregnancy. If you're concerned about your level of fatigue or any other symptoms, talk to your health care provider. ]]>
Prenatal vitamins typically contain iron. Taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron can help prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. In some cases, your health care provider might recommend a separate iron supplement. During pregnancy, you need 27 milligrams of iron a day. Good nutrition also can prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Dietary sources of iron include lean red meat, poultry and fish. Other options include iron-fortified breakfast cereals, prune juice, dried beans and peas. The iron from animal products, such as meat, is most easily absorbed. To enhance the absorption of iron from plant sources and supplements, pair them with a food or drink high in vitamin C such as orange juice, tomato juice or strawberries. If you take iron supplements with orange juice, avoid the calcium-fortified variety. Although calcium is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, calcium can decrease iron absorption. How is iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy treated? If you are taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron and you are anemic, your health care provider might recommend testing to determine other possible causes. In some cases, you might need to see a doctor who specializes in treating blood disorders (hematologist). If the cause is iron deficiency, additional supplemental iron might be suggested. If you have a history of gastric bypass or small bowel surgery or are unable to tolerate oral iron, you might need intravenous iron administration. Oral iron is recommended as the first line treatment, with repeated checking of Hb at 2 to 3 weeks after starting treatment to assess compliance, correct administration and response to treatmentOnce Hb reaches the normal range, it is recommended that iron replacement should continue for three months and until at least six weeks postpartumIntravenous (IV) iron is recommended for women who could not tolerate or respond to oral iron, and for those with moderately severe to severe anemia (Hb 90 g/LHb be measured within 24 to 48 hours after delivery in women with blood loss more than 500 mL, those with uncorrected anemia detected during pregnancy or those with symptoms suggestive of anemia postnatallyOral iron is recommended for women with Hb <100 g/L postpartum, who are hemodynamically stable, asymptomatic or mild symptomatic Anemia signs and symptoms include: Fatigue Weakness Pale or yellowish skin Irregular heartbeats Shortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadedness Chest pain Cold hands and feet Headache Keep in mind, however, that symptoms of anemia are often similar to general pregnancy symptoms. Regardless of whether or not you have symptoms, you'll have blood tests to screen for anemia during pregnancy. If you're concerned about your level of fatigue or any other symptoms, talk to your health care provider. ]]> Sat, 07 Nov 2020 14:38:51 GMT /slideshow/management-of-anaemia-in-pregnancy-239140824/239140824 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Management of anaemia in pregnancy BY DR ALKA MUKHERJEE DR APURVA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR M S INDIA alkamukherjee Prenatal vitamins typically contain iron. Taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron can help prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. In some cases, your health care provider might recommend a separate iron supplement. During pregnancy, you need 27 milligrams of iron a day. Good nutrition also can prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Dietary sources of iron include lean red meat, poultry and fish. Other options include iron-fortified breakfast cereals, prune juice, dried beans and peas. The iron from animal products, such as meat, is most easily absorbed. To enhance the absorption of iron from plant sources and supplements, pair them with a food or drink high in vitamin C such as orange juice, tomato juice or strawberries. If you take iron supplements with orange juice, avoid the calcium-fortified variety. Although calcium is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, calcium can decrease iron absorption. How is iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy treated? If you are taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron and you are anemic, your health care provider might recommend testing to determine other possible causes. In some cases, you might need to see a doctor who specializes in treating blood disorders (hematologist). If the cause is iron deficiency, additional supplemental iron might be suggested. If you have a history of gastric bypass or small bowel surgery or are unable to tolerate oral iron, you might need intravenous iron administration. Oral iron is recommended as the first line treatment, with repeated checking of Hb at 2 to 3 weeks after starting treatment to assess compliance, correct administration and response to treatmentOnce Hb reaches the normal range, it is recommended that iron replacement should continue for three months and until at least six weeks postpartumIntravenous (IV) iron is recommended for women who could not tolerate or respond to oral iron, and for those with moderately severe to severe anemia (Hb 90 g/LHb be measured within 24 to 48 hours after delivery in women with blood loss more than 500 mL, those with uncorrected anemia detected during pregnancy or those with symptoms suggestive of anemia postnatallyOral iron is recommended for women with Hb <100 g/L postpartum, who are hemodynamically stable, asymptomatic or mild symptomatic Anemia signs and symptoms include: Fatigue Weakness Pale or yellowish skin Irregular heartbeats Shortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadedness Chest pain Cold hands and feet Headache Keep in mind, however, that symptoms of anemia are often similar to general pregnancy symptoms. Regardless of whether or not you have symptoms, you'll have blood tests to screen for anemia during pregnancy. If you're concerned about your level of fatigue or any other symptoms, talk to your health care provider. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/managementofanaemiainpregnancy-201107143851-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Prenatal vitamins typically contain iron. Taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron can help prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. In some cases, your health care provider might recommend a separate iron supplement. During pregnancy, you need 27 milligrams of iron a day. Good nutrition also can prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Dietary sources of iron include lean red meat, poultry and fish. Other options include iron-fortified breakfast cereals, prune juice, dried beans and peas. The iron from animal products, such as meat, is most easily absorbed. To enhance the absorption of iron from plant sources and supplements, pair them with a food or drink high in vitamin C such as orange juice, tomato juice or strawberries. If you take iron supplements with orange juice, avoid the calcium-fortified variety. Although calcium is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, calcium can decrease iron absorption. How is iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy treated? If you are taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron and you are anemic, your health care provider might recommend testing to determine other possible causes. In some cases, you might need to see a doctor who specializes in treating blood disorders (hematologist). If the cause is iron deficiency, additional supplemental iron might be suggested. If you have a history of gastric bypass or small bowel surgery or are unable to tolerate oral iron, you might need intravenous iron administration. Oral iron is recommended as the first line treatment, with repeated checking of Hb at 2 to 3 weeks after starting treatment to assess compliance, correct administration and response to treatmentOnce Hb reaches the normal range, it is recommended that iron replacement should continue for three months and until at least six weeks postpartumIntravenous (IV) iron is recommended for women who could not tolerate or respond to oral iron, and for those with moderately severe to severe anemia (Hb 90 g/LHb be measured within 24 to 48 hours after delivery in women with blood loss more than 500 mL, those with uncorrected anemia detected during pregnancy or those with symptoms suggestive of anemia postnatallyOral iron is recommended for women with Hb &lt;100 g/L postpartum, who are hemodynamically stable, asymptomatic or mild symptomatic Anemia signs and symptoms include: Fatigue Weakness Pale or yellowish skin Irregular heartbeats Shortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadedness Chest pain Cold hands and feet Headache Keep in mind, however, that symptoms of anemia are often similar to general pregnancy symptoms. Regardless of whether or not you have symptoms, you&#39;ll have blood tests to screen for anemia during pregnancy. If you&#39;re concerned about your level of fatigue or any other symptoms, talk to your health care provider.
Management of anaemia in pregnancy BY DR ALKA MUKHERJEE DR APURVA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR M S INDIA from alka mukherjee
]]> 1128 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/managementofanaemiainpregnancy-201107143851-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Secondary amenorrhoea by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee /slideshow/secondary-amenorrhoea-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee/238967104 secondaryamenorrhoeabydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjee-201025021318
The first step in the evaluation of any patient with secondary amenorrhea is a urine pregnancy test. Every contraceptive method has a failure rate, and anyone who is menstruating is potentially fertile, regardless of age. [5][6] If the pregnancy test is negative, consider the clinical picture: hirsutism, acne, and a long history of infrequent and irregular menses suggest polycystic ovarian syndrome. By the Rotterdam criteria, a patient may be diagnosed with PCOS if she has two of the following: clinical or chemical hyperandrogenism, oligo- or amenorrhea, or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. So if a patient has evidence of hirsutism and oligo- or amenorrhea, she can be diagnosed with PCOS without further laboratory testing or imaging. If history and physical exam are not consistent with PCOS, a TSH should be ordered. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism can lead to menstrual dysfunction. If TSH is normal, check a serum prolactin. Elevated serum prolactin suggests prolactinoma. ]]>
The first step in the evaluation of any patient with secondary amenorrhea is a urine pregnancy test. Every contraceptive method has a failure rate, and anyone who is menstruating is potentially fertile, regardless of age. [5][6] If the pregnancy test is negative, consider the clinical picture: hirsutism, acne, and a long history of infrequent and irregular menses suggest polycystic ovarian syndrome. By the Rotterdam criteria, a patient may be diagnosed with PCOS if she has two of the following: clinical or chemical hyperandrogenism, oligo- or amenorrhea, or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. So if a patient has evidence of hirsutism and oligo- or amenorrhea, she can be diagnosed with PCOS without further laboratory testing or imaging. If history and physical exam are not consistent with PCOS, a TSH should be ordered. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism can lead to menstrual dysfunction. If TSH is normal, check a serum prolactin. Elevated serum prolactin suggests prolactinoma. ]]> Sun, 25 Oct 2020 02:13:18 GMT /slideshow/secondary-amenorrhoea-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee/238967104 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Secondary amenorrhoea by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee alkamukherjee The first step in the evaluation of any patient with secondary amenorrhea is a urine pregnancy test. Every contraceptive method has a failure rate, and anyone who is menstruating is potentially fertile, regardless of age. [5][6] If the pregnancy test is negative, consider the clinical picture: hirsutism, acne, and a long history of infrequent and irregular menses suggest polycystic ovarian syndrome. By the Rotterdam criteria, a patient may be diagnosed with PCOS if she has two of the following: clinical or chemical hyperandrogenism, oligo- or amenorrhea, or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. So if a patient has evidence of hirsutism and oligo- or amenorrhea, she can be diagnosed with PCOS without further laboratory testing or imaging. If history and physical exam are not consistent with PCOS, a TSH should be ordered. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism can lead to menstrual dysfunction. If TSH is normal, check a serum prolactin. Elevated serum prolactin suggests prolactinoma. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/secondaryamenorrhoeabydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjee-201025021318-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> The first step in the evaluation of any patient with secondary amenorrhea is a urine pregnancy test. Every contraceptive method has a failure rate, and anyone who is menstruating is potentially fertile, regardless of age. [5][6] If the pregnancy test is negative, consider the clinical picture: hirsutism, acne, and a long history of infrequent and irregular menses suggest polycystic ovarian syndrome. By the Rotterdam criteria, a patient may be diagnosed with PCOS if she has two of the following: clinical or chemical hyperandrogenism, oligo- or amenorrhea, or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. So if a patient has evidence of hirsutism and oligo- or amenorrhea, she can be diagnosed with PCOS without further laboratory testing or imaging. If history and physical exam are not consistent with PCOS, a TSH should be ordered. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism can lead to menstrual dysfunction. If TSH is normal, check a serum prolactin. Elevated serum prolactin suggests prolactinoma.
Secondary amenorrhoea by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee from alka mukherjee
]]> 5174 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/secondaryamenorrhoeabydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjee-201025021318-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Early pregnancy loss by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/early-pregnancy-loss-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238966965 earlypregnancylossbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurmsindia-201025010107
Early pregnancy loss, or loss of an intrauterine pregnancy within the first trimester, is encountered commonly in clinical practice. Obstetricians and gynecologists should understand the use of various diagnostic tools to differentiate between viable and nonviable pregnancies and offer the full range of therapeutic options to patients, including expectant, medical, and surgical management. Early pregnancy loss is defined as a nonviable, intrauterine pregnancy with either an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac containing an embryo or fetus without fetal heart activity within the first 12 6/7 weeks of gestation 1. In the first trimester, the terms miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and early pregnancy loss are used interchangeably, and there is no consensus on terminology in the literature. ]]>
Early pregnancy loss, or loss of an intrauterine pregnancy within the first trimester, is encountered commonly in clinical practice. Obstetricians and gynecologists should understand the use of various diagnostic tools to differentiate between viable and nonviable pregnancies and offer the full range of therapeutic options to patients, including expectant, medical, and surgical management. Early pregnancy loss is defined as a nonviable, intrauterine pregnancy with either an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac containing an embryo or fetus without fetal heart activity within the first 12 6/7 weeks of gestation 1. In the first trimester, the terms miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and early pregnancy loss are used interchangeably, and there is no consensus on terminology in the literature. ]]> Sun, 25 Oct 2020 01:01:06 GMT /slideshow/early-pregnancy-loss-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238966965 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Early pregnancy loss by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee Early pregnancy loss, or loss of an intrauterine pregnancy within the first trimester, is encountered commonly in clinical practice. Obstetricians and gynecologists should understand the use of various diagnostic tools to differentiate between viable and nonviable pregnancies and offer the full range of therapeutic options to patients, including expectant, medical, and surgical management. Early pregnancy loss is defined as a nonviable, intrauterine pregnancy with either an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac containing an embryo or fetus without fetal heart activity within the first 12 6/7 weeks of gestation 1. In the first trimester, the terms miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and early pregnancy loss are used interchangeably, and there is no consensus on terminology in the literature. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/earlypregnancylossbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurmsindia-201025010107-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Early pregnancy loss, or loss of an intrauterine pregnancy within the first trimester, is encountered commonly in clinical practice. Obstetricians and gynecologists should understand the use of various diagnostic tools to differentiate between viable and nonviable pregnancies and offer the full range of therapeutic options to patients, including expectant, medical, and surgical management. Early pregnancy loss is defined as a nonviable, intrauterine pregnancy with either an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac containing an embryo or fetus without fetal heart activity within the first 12 6/7 weeks of gestation 1. In the first trimester, the terms miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and early pregnancy loss are used interchangeably, and there is no consensus on terminology in the literature.
Early pregnancy loss by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 260 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/earlypregnancylossbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurmsindia-201025010107-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Pprom by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur india /slideshow/pprom-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-india/238966901 pprombydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurindia-201025000853
Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is a pregnancy complication. In this condition, the sac (amniotic membrane) surrounding your baby breaks (ruptures) before week 37 of pregnancy. Once the sac breaks, you have an increased risk for infection. You also have a higher chance of having your baby born early. In most cases of PPROM, the cause is not known. These things may increase risk: Having a preterm birth in a previous pregnancy Having an infection in your reproductive system Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy Smoking during pregnancy Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each pregnancy. They can include: A sudden gush of fluid from your vagina Leaking of fluid from your vagina A feeling of wetness in your vagina or underwear Call your healthcare provider right away if you have these symptoms. The symptoms of this health problem may be similar to symptoms of other conditions. See your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Diagnosis pH (acid-base) balance testing. The pH balance of amniotic fluid is different from vaginal fluid and urine. Your healthcare provider will put the fluid on a test strip to check the balance. Looking at a sample under a microscope. When amniotic fluid is dry, it has a fern-like pattern. ultrasound exam. This is done to check the amount of amniotic fluid around baby. ]]>
Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is a pregnancy complication. In this condition, the sac (amniotic membrane) surrounding your baby breaks (ruptures) before week 37 of pregnancy. Once the sac breaks, you have an increased risk for infection. You also have a higher chance of having your baby born early. In most cases of PPROM, the cause is not known. These things may increase risk: Having a preterm birth in a previous pregnancy Having an infection in your reproductive system Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy Smoking during pregnancy Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each pregnancy. They can include: A sudden gush of fluid from your vagina Leaking of fluid from your vagina A feeling of wetness in your vagina or underwear Call your healthcare provider right away if you have these symptoms. The symptoms of this health problem may be similar to symptoms of other conditions. See your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Diagnosis pH (acid-base) balance testing. The pH balance of amniotic fluid is different from vaginal fluid and urine. Your healthcare provider will put the fluid on a test strip to check the balance. Looking at a sample under a microscope. When amniotic fluid is dry, it has a fern-like pattern. ultrasound exam. This is done to check the amount of amniotic fluid around baby. ]]> Sun, 25 Oct 2020 00:08:52 GMT /slideshow/pprom-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-india/238966901 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Pprom by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur india alkamukherjee Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is a pregnancy complication. In this condition, the sac (amniotic membrane) surrounding your baby breaks (ruptures) before week 37 of pregnancy. Once the sac breaks, you have an increased risk for infection. You also have a higher chance of having your baby born early. In most cases of PPROM, the cause is not known. These things may increase risk: Having a preterm birth in a previous pregnancy Having an infection in your reproductive system Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy Smoking during pregnancy Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each pregnancy. They can include: A sudden gush of fluid from your vagina Leaking of fluid from your vagina A feeling of wetness in your vagina or underwear Call your healthcare provider right away if you have these symptoms. The symptoms of this health problem may be similar to symptoms of other conditions. See your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Diagnosis pH (acid-base) balance testing. The pH balance of amniotic fluid is different from vaginal fluid and urine. Your healthcare provider will put the fluid on a test strip to check the balance. Looking at a sample under a microscope. When amniotic fluid is dry, it has a fern-like pattern. ultrasound exam. This is done to check the amount of amniotic fluid around baby. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/pprombydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurindia-201025000853-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is a pregnancy complication. In this condition, the sac (amniotic membrane) surrounding your baby breaks (ruptures) before week 37 of pregnancy. Once the sac breaks, you have an increased risk for infection. You also have a higher chance of having your baby born early. In most cases of PPROM, the cause is not known. These things may increase risk: Having a preterm birth in a previous pregnancy Having an infection in your reproductive system Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy Smoking during pregnancy Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each pregnancy. They can include: A sudden gush of fluid from your vagina Leaking of fluid from your vagina A feeling of wetness in your vagina or underwear Call your healthcare provider right away if you have these symptoms. The symptoms of this health problem may be similar to symptoms of other conditions. See your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Diagnosis pH (acid-base) balance testing. The pH balance of amniotic fluid is different from vaginal fluid and urine. Your healthcare provider will put the fluid on a test strip to check the balance. Looking at a sample under a microscope. When amniotic fluid is dry, it has a fern-like pattern. ultrasound exam. This is done to check the amount of amniotic fluid around baby.
Pprom by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur india from alka mukherjee
]]> 538 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/pprombydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurindia-201025000853-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Public education on breast cancer hindi by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/public-education-on-breast-cancer-hindi-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238685623 publiceducationonbreastcancer-hindibydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930154639
Abnormal lump Breast cancer can be discovered when a lump or other change in the breast or armpit is found by a woman herself or by her healthcare provider. In addition to a lump, other abnormal changes may include dimpling of the skin, a change in the size or shape of one breast, retraction (pulling in) of the nipple when it previously pointed outward, or a discoloration of the skin of the breast not related to infection or skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema.Mammogram A mammogram is a very low-dose X-ray of the breast. The breast tissue is compressed for the X-ray, which decreases the thickness of the tissue and holds the breast in position, so the radiologist can find abnormalities more accurately. Each breast is compressed between two panels and X-rayed from two directions (top-down and side-to-side) to make sure all the tissue is examined. Mammograms are currently the best screening modality to detect breast cancer. Some mammograms capture images digitally, offering better clarity, the ability to adjust the image, and a decreased likelihood that the woman will need to return on a different day for repeat pictures.]]>
Abnormal lump Breast cancer can be discovered when a lump or other change in the breast or armpit is found by a woman herself or by her healthcare provider. In addition to a lump, other abnormal changes may include dimpling of the skin, a change in the size or shape of one breast, retraction (pulling in) of the nipple when it previously pointed outward, or a discoloration of the skin of the breast not related to infection or skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema.Mammogram A mammogram is a very low-dose X-ray of the breast. The breast tissue is compressed for the X-ray, which decreases the thickness of the tissue and holds the breast in position, so the radiologist can find abnormalities more accurately. Each breast is compressed between two panels and X-rayed from two directions (top-down and side-to-side) to make sure all the tissue is examined. Mammograms are currently the best screening modality to detect breast cancer. Some mammograms capture images digitally, offering better clarity, the ability to adjust the image, and a decreased likelihood that the woman will need to return on a different day for repeat pictures.]]> Wed, 30 Sep 2020 15:46:39 GMT /slideshow/public-education-on-breast-cancer-hindi-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238685623 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Public education on breast cancer hindi by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee Abnormal lump Breast cancer can be discovered when a lump or other change in the breast or armpit is found by a woman herself or by her healthcare provider. In addition to a lump, other abnormal changes may include dimpling of the skin, a change in the size or shape of one breast, retraction (pulling in) of the nipple when it previously pointed outward, or a discoloration of the skin of the breast not related to infection or skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema.Mammogram A mammogram is a very low-dose X-ray of the breast. The breast tissue is compressed for the X-ray, which decreases the thickness of the tissue and holds the breast in position, so the radiologist can find abnormalities more accurately. Each breast is compressed between two panels and X-rayed from two directions (top-down and side-to-side) to make sure all the tissue is examined. Mammograms are currently the best screening modality to detect breast cancer. Some mammograms capture images digitally, offering better clarity, the ability to adjust the image, and a decreased likelihood that the woman will need to return on a different day for repeat pictures. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/publiceducationonbreastcancer-hindibydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930154639-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Abnormal lump Breast cancer can be discovered when a lump or other change in the breast or armpit is found by a woman herself or by her healthcare provider. In addition to a lump, other abnormal changes may include dimpling of the skin, a change in the size or shape of one breast, retraction (pulling in) of the nipple when it previously pointed outward, or a discoloration of the skin of the breast not related to infection or skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema.Mammogram A mammogram is a very low-dose X-ray of the breast. The breast tissue is compressed for the X-ray, which decreases the thickness of the tissue and holds the breast in position, so the radiologist can find abnormalities more accurately. Each breast is compressed between two panels and X-rayed from two directions (top-down and side-to-side) to make sure all the tissue is examined. Mammograms are currently the best screening modality to detect breast cancer. Some mammograms capture images digitally, offering better clarity, the ability to adjust the image, and a decreased likelihood that the woman will need to return on a different day for repeat pictures.
Public education on breast cancer hindi by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 157 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/publiceducationonbreastcancer-hindibydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930154639-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Cancer cervix awareness in hindi by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/cancer-cervix-awareness-in-hindi-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238685601 cancercervixawarenessinhindibydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930153904
Cervical cancer occurs when the cells in the cervix grow abnormally or out of control. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. The exact cause of cervical cancer is unknown. Certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, cause the majority of cervical cancer. A new vaccine is available to prevent infection against the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases and the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of genital wart cases. A pap smear test is a preventive measure that can detect precancerous or cancerous cells. Precancerous cells are 100% curable. ]]>
Cervical cancer occurs when the cells in the cervix grow abnormally or out of control. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. The exact cause of cervical cancer is unknown. Certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, cause the majority of cervical cancer. A new vaccine is available to prevent infection against the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases and the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of genital wart cases. A pap smear test is a preventive measure that can detect precancerous or cancerous cells. Precancerous cells are 100% curable. ]]> Wed, 30 Sep 2020 15:39:04 GMT /slideshow/cancer-cervix-awareness-in-hindi-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238685601 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Cancer cervix awareness in hindi by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee Cervical cancer occurs when the cells in the cervix grow abnormally or out of control. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. The exact cause of cervical cancer is unknown. Certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, cause the majority of cervical cancer. A new vaccine is available to prevent infection against the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases and the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of genital wart cases. A pap smear test is a preventive measure that can detect precancerous or cancerous cells. Precancerous cells are 100% curable. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cancercervixawarenessinhindibydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930153904-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Cervical cancer occurs when the cells in the cervix grow abnormally or out of control. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. The exact cause of cervical cancer is unknown. Certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, cause the majority of cervical cancer. A new vaccine is available to prevent infection against the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases and the two types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of genital wart cases. A pap smear test is a preventive measure that can detect precancerous or cancerous cells. Precancerous cells are 100% curable.
Cancer cervix awareness in hindi by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 1035 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cancercervixawarenessinhindibydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930153904-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Telehealth medico legal aspects by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/telehealth-medico-legal-aspects-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india-238685114/238685114 telehealthmedico-legalaspectsbydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930144230
The term telehealth includes a broad range of technologies and services to provide patient care and improve the healthcare delivery system as a whole. Telehealth is different from telemedicine because it refers to a broader scope of remote healthcare services than telemedicine. While telemedicine refers specifically to remote clinical services, telehealth can refer to remote non-clinical services, such as provider training, administrative meetings, and continuing medical education, in addition to clinical services. According to the World Health Organization, telehealth includes, Surveillance, health promotion and public health functions. Telemedicine involves the use of electronic communications and software to provide clinical services to patients without an in-person visit. Telemedicine technology is frequently used for follow-up visits, management of chronic conditions, medication management, specialist consultation and a host of other clinical services that can be provided remotely via secure video and audio connections. ]]>
The term telehealth includes a broad range of technologies and services to provide patient care and improve the healthcare delivery system as a whole. Telehealth is different from telemedicine because it refers to a broader scope of remote healthcare services than telemedicine. While telemedicine refers specifically to remote clinical services, telehealth can refer to remote non-clinical services, such as provider training, administrative meetings, and continuing medical education, in addition to clinical services. According to the World Health Organization, telehealth includes, Surveillance, health promotion and public health functions. Telemedicine involves the use of electronic communications and software to provide clinical services to patients without an in-person visit. Telemedicine technology is frequently used for follow-up visits, management of chronic conditions, medication management, specialist consultation and a host of other clinical services that can be provided remotely via secure video and audio connections. ]]> Wed, 30 Sep 2020 14:42:30 GMT /slideshow/telehealth-medico-legal-aspects-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india-238685114/238685114 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Telehealth medico legal aspects by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee The term telehealth includes a broad range of technologies and services to provide patient care and improve the healthcare delivery system as a whole. Telehealth is different from telemedicine because it refers to a broader scope of remote healthcare services than telemedicine. While telemedicine refers specifically to remote clinical services, telehealth can refer to remote non-clinical services, such as provider training, administrative meetings, and continuing medical education, in addition to clinical services. According to the World Health Organization, telehealth includes, Surveillance, health promotion and public health functions. Telemedicine involves the use of electronic communications and software to provide clinical services to patients without an in-person visit. Telemedicine technology is frequently used for follow-up visits, management of chronic conditions, medication management, specialist consultation and a host of other clinical services that can be provided remotely via secure video and audio connections. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/telehealthmedico-legalaspectsbydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930144230-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> The term telehealth includes a broad range of technologies and services to provide patient care and improve the healthcare delivery system as a whole. Telehealth is different from telemedicine because it refers to a broader scope of remote healthcare services than telemedicine. While telemedicine refers specifically to remote clinical services, telehealth can refer to remote non-clinical services, such as provider training, administrative meetings, and continuing medical education, in addition to clinical services. According to the World Health Organization, telehealth includes, Surveillance, health promotion and public health functions. Telemedicine involves the use of electronic communications and software to provide clinical services to patients without an in-person visit. Telemedicine technology is frequently used for follow-up visits, management of chronic conditions, medication management, specialist consultation and a host of other clinical services that can be provided remotely via secure video and audio connections.
Telehealth medico legal aspects by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 82 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/telehealthmedico-legalaspectsbydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200930144230-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Evolution and current practices in emergency contraceptives BY DR ALKA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR MS INDIA /slideshow/evolution-and-current-practices-in-emergency-contraceptives-1/238559378 evolutionandcurrentpracticesinemergencycontraceptives1-200919215933
ey facts Emergency contraception (EC) can prevent up to over 95% of pregnancies when taken within 5 days after intercourse. EC can be used in the following situations: unprotected intercourse, concerns about possible contraceptive failure, incorrect use of contraceptives, and sexual assault if without contraception coverage. Methods of emergency contraception are the copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). A copper-bearing IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception available. The emergency contraceptive pill regimens recommended by WHO are ulipristal acetate, levonorgestrel, or combined oral contraceptives (COCs) consisting of ethinyl estradiol plus levonorgestrel.]]>
ey facts Emergency contraception (EC) can prevent up to over 95% of pregnancies when taken within 5 days after intercourse. EC can be used in the following situations: unprotected intercourse, concerns about possible contraceptive failure, incorrect use of contraceptives, and sexual assault if without contraception coverage. Methods of emergency contraception are the copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). A copper-bearing IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception available. The emergency contraceptive pill regimens recommended by WHO are ulipristal acetate, levonorgestrel, or combined oral contraceptives (COCs) consisting of ethinyl estradiol plus levonorgestrel.]]> Sat, 19 Sep 2020 21:59:33 GMT /slideshow/evolution-and-current-practices-in-emergency-contraceptives-1/238559378 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Evolution and current practices in emergency contraceptives BY DR ALKA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR MS INDIA alkamukherjee ey facts Emergency contraception (EC) can prevent up to over 95% of pregnancies when taken within 5 days after intercourse. EC can be used in the following situations: unprotected intercourse, concerns about possible contraceptive failure, incorrect use of contraceptives, and sexual assault if without contraception coverage. Methods of emergency contraception are the copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). A copper-bearing IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception available. The emergency contraceptive pill regimens recommended by WHO are ulipristal acetate, levonorgestrel, or combined oral contraceptives (COCs) consisting of ethinyl estradiol plus levonorgestrel. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/evolutionandcurrentpracticesinemergencycontraceptives1-200919215933-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> ey facts Emergency contraception (EC) can prevent up to over 95% of pregnancies when taken within 5 days after intercourse. EC can be used in the following situations: unprotected intercourse, concerns about possible contraceptive failure, incorrect use of contraceptives, and sexual assault if without contraception coverage. Methods of emergency contraception are the copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). A copper-bearing IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception available. The emergency contraceptive pill regimens recommended by WHO are ulipristal acetate, levonorgestrel, or combined oral contraceptives (COCs) consisting of ethinyl estradiol plus levonorgestrel.
Evolution and current practices in emergency contraceptives BY DR ALKA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR MS INDIA from alka mukherjee
]]> 383 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/evolutionandcurrentpracticesinemergencycontraceptives1-200919215933-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Screening for gestational diabetes an update by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/screening-for-gestational-diabetes-an-update-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-napur-ms-india/238528087 screeningforgestationaldiabetesanupdatebydralkamukherjeenapurmsindia-200917184212
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This definition helps for diagnosis of unrecognized pre-existing Diabetes also. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and prenatal outcome. It is important to screen, diagnose and treat Hyperglycemia in pregnancy to prevent an adverse outcome. There is no international consensus regarding timing of screening method and the optimal cut-off points for diagnosis and intervention of GDM. DIPSI recommends non-fasting Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose with a cut-off of 140 mg/dl after 2-hours, whereas WHO (1999) recommends a fasting OGTT after 75g glucose with a cut-off plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl after 2-hour. The recommendations by ADA/IADPSG for screening women at risk of diabetes is as follows, for first and subsequent trimester at 24-28 weeks a criteria of diagnosis of GDM is made by 75 g OGTT and fasting 5.1mmol/l, 1 hour 10.0mmol/l, 2 hour 8.5mmol/l by universal glucose tolerance testing. Critics of these criteria state that it causes over diagnosis of GDM and unnecessary interventions, the controversy however continues. The ACOG still prefer a 2 step procedure, GCT with 50g glucose non-fasting if value > 7.8mmol/l followed by 3-hour OGTT for confirmation of diagnosis. In conclusion based on Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study as mild degree of dysglycemia are associated with adverse outcome and high prevalence of Type II DM to have international consensus It recommends IADPSG criteria, though controversy exists. The IADPSG criteria is the only outcome based criteria, it has the ability to diagnose and treat GDM earlier, thereby reducing the fetal and maternal complications associated with GDM. This one step method has an advantage of simplicity in execution, more patient friendly, accurate in diagnosis and close to international consensus. Keeping in the mind the diversity and variability of Indian population, judging international criteria may not be conclusive, thus further comparative studies are required on different diagnostic criteria in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes]]>
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This definition helps for diagnosis of unrecognized pre-existing Diabetes also. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and prenatal outcome. It is important to screen, diagnose and treat Hyperglycemia in pregnancy to prevent an adverse outcome. There is no international consensus regarding timing of screening method and the optimal cut-off points for diagnosis and intervention of GDM. DIPSI recommends non-fasting Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose with a cut-off of 140 mg/dl after 2-hours, whereas WHO (1999) recommends a fasting OGTT after 75g glucose with a cut-off plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl after 2-hour. The recommendations by ADA/IADPSG for screening women at risk of diabetes is as follows, for first and subsequent trimester at 24-28 weeks a criteria of diagnosis of GDM is made by 75 g OGTT and fasting 5.1mmol/l, 1 hour 10.0mmol/l, 2 hour 8.5mmol/l by universal glucose tolerance testing. Critics of these criteria state that it causes over diagnosis of GDM and unnecessary interventions, the controversy however continues. The ACOG still prefer a 2 step procedure, GCT with 50g glucose non-fasting if value > 7.8mmol/l followed by 3-hour OGTT for confirmation of diagnosis. In conclusion based on Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study as mild degree of dysglycemia are associated with adverse outcome and high prevalence of Type II DM to have international consensus It recommends IADPSG criteria, though controversy exists. The IADPSG criteria is the only outcome based criteria, it has the ability to diagnose and treat GDM earlier, thereby reducing the fetal and maternal complications associated with GDM. This one step method has an advantage of simplicity in execution, more patient friendly, accurate in diagnosis and close to international consensus. Keeping in the mind the diversity and variability of Indian population, judging international criteria may not be conclusive, thus further comparative studies are required on different diagnostic criteria in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes]]> Thu, 17 Sep 2020 18:42:12 GMT /slideshow/screening-for-gestational-diabetes-an-update-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-napur-ms-india/238528087 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Screening for gestational diabetes an update by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This definition helps for diagnosis of unrecognized pre-existing Diabetes also. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and prenatal outcome. It is important to screen, diagnose and treat Hyperglycemia in pregnancy to prevent an adverse outcome. There is no international consensus regarding timing of screening method and the optimal cut-off points for diagnosis and intervention of GDM. DIPSI recommends non-fasting Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose with a cut-off of 140 mg/dl after 2-hours, whereas WHO (1999) recommends a fasting OGTT after 75g glucose with a cut-off plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl after 2-hour. The recommendations by ADA/IADPSG for screening women at risk of diabetes is as follows, for first and subsequent trimester at 24-28 weeks a criteria of diagnosis of GDM is made by 75 g OGTT and fasting 5.1mmol/l, 1 hour 10.0mmol/l, 2 hour 8.5mmol/l by universal glucose tolerance testing. Critics of these criteria state that it causes over diagnosis of GDM and unnecessary interventions, the controversy however continues. The ACOG still prefer a 2 step procedure, GCT with 50g glucose non-fasting if value > 7.8mmol/l followed by 3-hour OGTT for confirmation of diagnosis. In conclusion based on Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study as mild degree of dysglycemia are associated with adverse outcome and high prevalence of Type II DM to have international consensus It recommends IADPSG criteria, though controversy exists. The IADPSG criteria is the only outcome based criteria, it has the ability to diagnose and treat GDM earlier, thereby reducing the fetal and maternal complications associated with GDM. This one step method has an advantage of simplicity in execution, more patient friendly, accurate in diagnosis and close to international consensus. Keeping in the mind the diversity and variability of Indian population, judging international criteria may not be conclusive, thus further comparative studies are required on different diagnostic criteria in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/screeningforgestationaldiabetesanupdatebydralkamukherjeenapurmsindia-200917184212-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This definition helps for diagnosis of unrecognized pre-existing Diabetes also. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and prenatal outcome. It is important to screen, diagnose and treat Hyperglycemia in pregnancy to prevent an adverse outcome. There is no international consensus regarding timing of screening method and the optimal cut-off points for diagnosis and intervention of GDM. DIPSI recommends non-fasting Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose with a cut-off of 140 mg/dl after 2-hours, whereas WHO (1999) recommends a fasting OGTT after 75g glucose with a cut-off plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl after 2-hour. The recommendations by ADA/IADPSG for screening women at risk of diabetes is as follows, for first and subsequent trimester at 24-28 weeks a criteria of diagnosis of GDM is made by 75 g OGTT and fasting 5.1mmol/l, 1 hour 10.0mmol/l, 2 hour 8.5mmol/l by universal glucose tolerance testing. Critics of these criteria state that it causes over diagnosis of GDM and unnecessary interventions, the controversy however continues. The ACOG still prefer a 2 step procedure, GCT with 50g glucose non-fasting if value &gt; 7.8mmol/l followed by 3-hour OGTT for confirmation of diagnosis. In conclusion based on Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study as mild degree of dysglycemia are associated with adverse outcome and high prevalence of Type II DM to have international consensus It recommends IADPSG criteria, though controversy exists. The IADPSG criteria is the only outcome based criteria, it has the ability to diagnose and treat GDM earlier, thereby reducing the fetal and maternal complications associated with GDM. This one step method has an advantage of simplicity in execution, more patient friendly, accurate in diagnosis and close to international consensus. Keeping in the mind the diversity and variability of Indian population, judging international criteria may not be conclusive, thus further comparative studies are required on different diagnostic criteria in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes
Screening for gestational diabetes an update by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 162 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/screeningforgestationaldiabetesanupdatebydralkamukherjeenapurmsindia-200917184212-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Hague convention for inter country adoption by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/hague-convention-for-inter-country-adoption-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238527994 hagueconventionforintercountryadoptionbydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917180350
The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Convention) is an international agreement to safeguard intercountry adoptions. Concluded on May 29, 1993 in The Hague, the Netherlands, the Convention establishes international standards of practices for intercountry adoptions. The United States signed the Convention in 1994, and the Convention entered into force for the United States on April 1, 2008The Convention applies to all adoptions by U.S. citizens habitually resident in the United States of children habitually resident in any country outside of the United States that is a party to the Convention (Convention countries). Adopting a child from a Convention country is similar in many ways to adopting a child from a country not party to the Convention. However, there are some key differences. In particular, those seeking to adopt may receive greater protections if they adopt from a Convention country. The Convention requires that countries who are party to it establish a Central Authority to be the authoritative source of information and point of contact in that country. The Department of State is the U.S. Central Authorityfor the Convention. The Convention aims to prevent the abduction, sale of, or trafficking in children, and it works to ensure that intercountry adoptions are in the best interests of children. The Convention recognizes intercountry adoption as a means of offering the advantage of a permanent home to a child when a suitable family has not been found in the child's country of origin. It enables intercountry adoption to take place when, among other steps: 1. The child has been deemed eligible for adoption by the child's country of origin; and 2. Due consideration has been given to finding an adoption placement for the child in its country of origin. ]]>
The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Convention) is an international agreement to safeguard intercountry adoptions. Concluded on May 29, 1993 in The Hague, the Netherlands, the Convention establishes international standards of practices for intercountry adoptions. The United States signed the Convention in 1994, and the Convention entered into force for the United States on April 1, 2008The Convention applies to all adoptions by U.S. citizens habitually resident in the United States of children habitually resident in any country outside of the United States that is a party to the Convention (Convention countries). Adopting a child from a Convention country is similar in many ways to adopting a child from a country not party to the Convention. However, there are some key differences. In particular, those seeking to adopt may receive greater protections if they adopt from a Convention country. The Convention requires that countries who are party to it establish a Central Authority to be the authoritative source of information and point of contact in that country. The Department of State is the U.S. Central Authorityfor the Convention. The Convention aims to prevent the abduction, sale of, or trafficking in children, and it works to ensure that intercountry adoptions are in the best interests of children. The Convention recognizes intercountry adoption as a means of offering the advantage of a permanent home to a child when a suitable family has not been found in the child's country of origin. It enables intercountry adoption to take place when, among other steps: 1. The child has been deemed eligible for adoption by the child's country of origin; and 2. Due consideration has been given to finding an adoption placement for the child in its country of origin. ]]> Thu, 17 Sep 2020 18:03:50 GMT /slideshow/hague-convention-for-inter-country-adoption-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238527994 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Hague convention for inter country adoption by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Convention) is an international agreement to safeguard intercountry adoptions. Concluded on May 29, 1993 in The Hague, the Netherlands, the Convention establishes international standards of practices for intercountry adoptions. The United States signed the Convention in 1994, and the Convention entered into force for the United States on April 1, 2008The Convention applies to all adoptions by U.S. citizens habitually resident in the United States of children habitually resident in any country outside of the United States that is a party to the Convention (Convention countries). Adopting a child from a Convention country is similar in many ways to adopting a child from a country not party to the Convention. However, there are some key differences. In particular, those seeking to adopt may receive greater protections if they adopt from a Convention country. The Convention requires that countries who are party to it establish a Central Authority to be the authoritative source of information and point of contact in that country. The Department of State is the U.S. Central Authorityfor the Convention. The Convention aims to prevent the abduction, sale of, or trafficking in children, and it works to ensure that intercountry adoptions are in the best interests of children. The Convention recognizes intercountry adoption as a means of offering the advantage of a permanent home to a child when a suitable family has not been found in the child's country of origin. It enables intercountry adoption to take place when, among other steps: 1. The child has been deemed eligible for adoption by the child's country of origin; and 2. Due consideration has been given to finding an adoption placement for the child in its country of origin. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hagueconventionforintercountryadoptionbydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917180350-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Convention) is an international agreement to safeguard intercountry adoptions. Concluded on May 29, 1993 in The Hague, the Netherlands, the Convention establishes international standards of practices for intercountry adoptions. The United States signed the Convention in 1994, and the Convention entered into force for the United States on April 1, 2008The Convention applies to all adoptions by U.S. citizens habitually resident in the United States of children habitually resident in any country outside of the United States that is a party to the Convention (Convention countries). Adopting a child from a Convention country is similar in many ways to adopting a child from a country not party to the Convention. However, there are some key differences. In particular, those seeking to adopt may receive greater protections if they adopt from a Convention country. The Convention requires that countries who are party to it establish a Central Authority to be the authoritative source of information and point of contact in that country. The Department of State is the U.S. Central Authorityfor the Convention. The Convention aims to prevent the abduction, sale of, or trafficking in children, and it works to ensure that intercountry adoptions are in the best interests of children. The Convention recognizes intercountry adoption as a means of offering the advantage of a permanent home to a child when a suitable family has not been found in the child&#39;s country of origin. It enables intercountry adoption to take place when, among other steps: 1. The child has been deemed eligible for adoption by the child&#39;s country of origin; and 2. Due consideration has been given to finding an adoption placement for the child in its country of origin.
Hague convention for inter country adoption by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 175 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hagueconventionforintercountryadoptionbydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917180350-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 The role of judiciary & the legal procedure in an adoption case by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /alkamukherjee/the-role-of-judiciary-amp-the-legal-procedure-in-an-adoption-case-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india-238527949 theroleofjudiciarythelegalprocedureinanadoptioncasebydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917174636
Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is the nodal agency to monitor and regulate in-country and intra-country adoption and is a part of Ministry of Women and child care. Following are the certain essential conditions in order to be eligible to adopt a child: The procedure for adoption is different in case of Indian citizen, NRI or a foreign citizen and a child can be adopted by any of the three. Irrespective of their gender or marital status, any person is eligible to adopt. Provided that a couple is adopting a child, they should have completed two years of stable marriage and both should agree for the adoption. 25 years should be the minimum age difference between the child and the adoptive parents. WHEN CAN A CHILD BE ELIGIBLE TO BE ADOPTED? Any orphan, surrendered or abandoned child is legally declared free for adoption by the child welfare committee as per the guidelines of the Central Government of India. A child without a legal parent or a guardian or the parents are not capable of taking care of the child anymore is said to be an orphan. When a child is deserted or unaccompanied by parents or a guardian and the child welfare committee has declared the child to be abandoned, a child is considered to be abandoned. Renounce on account of physical, social and emotional factors that are beyond the control of parents or the guardian is called a surrendered child as declared by the child welfare committee. In case of adoption, a child requires to be legally free. A child is considered to be legally free if even after trying their level best the police fails to find the true parent or guardian of the child. WHAT ARE THE NORMAL CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILLED BY PARENTS? The adoptive parents need to be mentally, physically and emotionally stable. The adoptive parents should be financially stable. The adoptive parents should not be suffering from any life- threatening diseases. Apart from cases of special needs children, couples with three or more kids are not allowed for adoption. A single female is allowed to adopt a child of any gender but a single male is not allowed to adopt a girl child. The maximum age limit of a single parents should be 55 years. ]]>
Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is the nodal agency to monitor and regulate in-country and intra-country adoption and is a part of Ministry of Women and child care. Following are the certain essential conditions in order to be eligible to adopt a child: The procedure for adoption is different in case of Indian citizen, NRI or a foreign citizen and a child can be adopted by any of the three. Irrespective of their gender or marital status, any person is eligible to adopt. Provided that a couple is adopting a child, they should have completed two years of stable marriage and both should agree for the adoption. 25 years should be the minimum age difference between the child and the adoptive parents. WHEN CAN A CHILD BE ELIGIBLE TO BE ADOPTED? Any orphan, surrendered or abandoned child is legally declared free for adoption by the child welfare committee as per the guidelines of the Central Government of India. A child without a legal parent or a guardian or the parents are not capable of taking care of the child anymore is said to be an orphan. When a child is deserted or unaccompanied by parents or a guardian and the child welfare committee has declared the child to be abandoned, a child is considered to be abandoned. Renounce on account of physical, social and emotional factors that are beyond the control of parents or the guardian is called a surrendered child as declared by the child welfare committee. In case of adoption, a child requires to be legally free. A child is considered to be legally free if even after trying their level best the police fails to find the true parent or guardian of the child. WHAT ARE THE NORMAL CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILLED BY PARENTS? The adoptive parents need to be mentally, physically and emotionally stable. The adoptive parents should be financially stable. The adoptive parents should not be suffering from any life- threatening diseases. Apart from cases of special needs children, couples with three or more kids are not allowed for adoption. A single female is allowed to adopt a child of any gender but a single male is not allowed to adopt a girl child. The maximum age limit of a single parents should be 55 years. ]]> Thu, 17 Sep 2020 17:46:35 GMT /alkamukherjee/the-role-of-judiciary-amp-the-legal-procedure-in-an-adoption-case-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india-238527949 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) The role of judiciary & the legal procedure in an adoption case by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is the nodal agency to monitor and regulate in-country and intra-country adoption and is a part of Ministry of Women and child care. Following are the certain essential conditions in order to be eligible to adopt a child: The procedure for adoption is different in case of Indian citizen, NRI or a foreign citizen and a child can be adopted by any of the three. Irrespective of their gender or marital status, any person is eligible to adopt. Provided that a couple is adopting a child, they should have completed two years of stable marriage and both should agree for the adoption. 25 years should be the minimum age difference between the child and the adoptive parents. WHEN CAN A CHILD BE ELIGIBLE TO BE ADOPTED? Any orphan, surrendered or abandoned child is legally declared free for adoption by the child welfare committee as per the guidelines of the Central Government of India. A child without a legal parent or a guardian or the parents are not capable of taking care of the child anymore is said to be an orphan. When a child is deserted or unaccompanied by parents or a guardian and the child welfare committee has declared the child to be abandoned, a child is considered to be abandoned. Renounce on account of physical, social and emotional factors that are beyond the control of parents or the guardian is called a surrendered child as declared by the child welfare committee. In case of adoption, a child requires to be legally free. A child is considered to be legally free if even after trying their level best the police fails to find the true parent or guardian of the child. WHAT ARE THE NORMAL CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILLED BY PARENTS? The adoptive parents need to be mentally, physically and emotionally stable. The adoptive parents should be financially stable. The adoptive parents should not be suffering from any life- threatening diseases. Apart from cases of special needs children, couples with three or more kids are not allowed for adoption. A single female is allowed to adopt a child of any gender but a single male is not allowed to adopt a girl child. The maximum age limit of a single parents should be 55 years. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/theroleofjudiciarythelegalprocedureinanadoptioncasebydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917174636-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is the nodal agency to monitor and regulate in-country and intra-country adoption and is a part of Ministry of Women and child care. Following are the certain essential conditions in order to be eligible to adopt a child: The procedure for adoption is different in case of Indian citizen, NRI or a foreign citizen and a child can be adopted by any of the three. Irrespective of their gender or marital status, any person is eligible to adopt. Provided that a couple is adopting a child, they should have completed two years of stable marriage and both should agree for the adoption. 25 years should be the minimum age difference between the child and the adoptive parents. WHEN CAN A CHILD BE ELIGIBLE TO BE ADOPTED? Any orphan, surrendered or abandoned child is legally declared free for adoption by the child welfare committee as per the guidelines of the Central Government of India. A child without a legal parent or a guardian or the parents are not capable of taking care of the child anymore is said to be an orphan. When a child is deserted or unaccompanied by parents or a guardian and the child welfare committee has declared the child to be abandoned, a child is considered to be abandoned. Renounce on account of physical, social and emotional factors that are beyond the control of parents or the guardian is called a surrendered child as declared by the child welfare committee. In case of adoption, a child requires to be legally free. A child is considered to be legally free if even after trying their level best the police fails to find the true parent or guardian of the child. WHAT ARE THE NORMAL CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILLED BY PARENTS? The adoptive parents need to be mentally, physically and emotionally stable. The adoptive parents should be financially stable. The adoptive parents should not be suffering from any life- threatening diseases. Apart from cases of special needs children, couples with three or more kids are not allowed for adoption. A single female is allowed to adopt a child of any gender but a single male is not allowed to adopt a girl child. The maximum age limit of a single parents should be 55 years.
The role of judiciary & the legal procedure in an adoption case by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 109 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/theroleofjudiciarythelegalprocedureinanadoptioncasebydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917174636-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Laws , rules & regulations governing adoptions in india by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /alkamukherjee/laws-rules-amp-regulations-governing-adoptions-in-india-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india lawsrulesregulationsgoverningadoptionsinindiabydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917165055
ADOPTION IN INDIA The custom and practice of adoption in India dates back to the ancient times. Although the act of adoption remains the same, the objective with which this act is carried out has differed. It usually ranged from the humanitarian motive of caring and bringing up a neglected or destitute child, to a natural desire for a kid as an object of affection, a caretaker in old age, and an heir after death.[iii] But since adoption comes under the ambit of personal laws, there has not been a scope in the Indian scenario to incorporate a uniform law among the different communities which consist of this melting pot. Hence, this law is governed by various personal laws of different religions. Adoption is not permitted in the personal laws of Muslims, Christians, Parsis and Jews in India. Hence they usually opt for guardianship of a child through the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890. Indian citizens who are Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, or Buddhists are allowed to formally adopt a child. The adoption is under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act of 1956 that was enacted in India as a part of the Hindu Code Bills. It brought about a few reforms that liberalized the institution of adoption. ]]>
ADOPTION IN INDIA The custom and practice of adoption in India dates back to the ancient times. Although the act of adoption remains the same, the objective with which this act is carried out has differed. It usually ranged from the humanitarian motive of caring and bringing up a neglected or destitute child, to a natural desire for a kid as an object of affection, a caretaker in old age, and an heir after death.[iii] But since adoption comes under the ambit of personal laws, there has not been a scope in the Indian scenario to incorporate a uniform law among the different communities which consist of this melting pot. Hence, this law is governed by various personal laws of different religions. Adoption is not permitted in the personal laws of Muslims, Christians, Parsis and Jews in India. Hence they usually opt for guardianship of a child through the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890. Indian citizens who are Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, or Buddhists are allowed to formally adopt a child. The adoption is under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act of 1956 that was enacted in India as a part of the Hindu Code Bills. It brought about a few reforms that liberalized the institution of adoption. ]]> Thu, 17 Sep 2020 16:50:55 GMT /alkamukherjee/laws-rules-amp-regulations-governing-adoptions-in-india-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Laws , rules & regulations governing adoptions in india by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee ADOPTION IN INDIA The custom and practice of adoption in India dates back to the ancient times. Although the act of adoption remains the same, the objective with which this act is carried out has differed. It usually ranged from the humanitarian motive of caring and bringing up a neglected or destitute child, to a natural desire for a kid as an object of affection, a caretaker in old age, and an heir after death.[iii] But since adoption comes under the ambit of personal laws, there has not been a scope in the Indian scenario to incorporate a uniform law among the different communities which consist of this melting pot. Hence, this law is governed by various personal laws of different religions. Adoption is not permitted in the personal laws of Muslims, Christians, Parsis and Jews in India. Hence they usually opt for guardianship of a child through the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890. Indian citizens who are Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, or Buddhists are allowed to formally adopt a child. The adoption is under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act of 1956 that was enacted in India as a part of the Hindu Code Bills. It brought about a few reforms that liberalized the institution of adoption. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/lawsrulesregulationsgoverningadoptionsinindiabydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917165055-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> ADOPTION IN INDIA The custom and practice of adoption in India dates back to the ancient times. Although the act of adoption remains the same, the objective with which this act is carried out has differed. It usually ranged from the humanitarian motive of caring and bringing up a neglected or destitute child, to a natural desire for a kid as an object of affection, a caretaker in old age, and an heir after death.[iii] But since adoption comes under the ambit of personal laws, there has not been a scope in the Indian scenario to incorporate a uniform law among the different communities which consist of this melting pot. Hence, this law is governed by various personal laws of different religions. Adoption is not permitted in the personal laws of Muslims, Christians, Parsis and Jews in India. Hence they usually opt for guardianship of a child through the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890. Indian citizens who are Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, or Buddhists are allowed to formally adopt a child. The adoption is under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act of 1956 that was enacted in India as a part of the Hindu Code Bills. It brought about a few reforms that liberalized the institution of adoption.
Laws , rules & regulations governing adoptions in india by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 175 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/lawsrulesregulationsgoverningadoptionsinindiabydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917165055-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Tuberculosis in prenancy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/tuberculosis-in-prenancy-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238527637 tuberculosisinprenancybydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917163026
Prevention of Tuberculosis The BCG vaccine has been incorporated into the National immunization policy of many countries, especially the high burden countries, thereby conferring active immunity from childhood. Nonimmune women travelling to tuberculosis endemic countries should also be vaccinated. It must, however, be noted that the vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy [72]. The prevention, however, goes beyond this as it is essentially a disease of poverty. Improved living condition is, therefore, encouraged with good ventilation, while overcrowding should be avoided. Improvement in nutritional status is another important aspect of the prevention. Pregnant women living with HIV are at higher risk for TB, which can adversely influence maternal and perinatal outcomes [73]. As much as 1.1 million people were diagnosed with the co-infection in 2009 alone [2]. Primary prevention of HIV/AIDS is, therefore, another major step in the prevention of tuberculosis in pregnancy. Screening of all pregnant women living with HIV for active tuberculosis is recommended even in the absence of overt clinical signs of the disease. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is another innovation of the World Health Organisation that is aimed at reducing the infection in HIV positive pregnant women based on evidence and experience and it has been concluded that pregnancy should not be a contraindication to receiving IPT. However, patient's individualisation and rational clinical judgement is required for decisions such as the best time to provide IPT to pregnant women ]]>
Prevention of Tuberculosis The BCG vaccine has been incorporated into the National immunization policy of many countries, especially the high burden countries, thereby conferring active immunity from childhood. Nonimmune women travelling to tuberculosis endemic countries should also be vaccinated. It must, however, be noted that the vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy [72]. The prevention, however, goes beyond this as it is essentially a disease of poverty. Improved living condition is, therefore, encouraged with good ventilation, while overcrowding should be avoided. Improvement in nutritional status is another important aspect of the prevention. Pregnant women living with HIV are at higher risk for TB, which can adversely influence maternal and perinatal outcomes [73]. As much as 1.1 million people were diagnosed with the co-infection in 2009 alone [2]. Primary prevention of HIV/AIDS is, therefore, another major step in the prevention of tuberculosis in pregnancy. Screening of all pregnant women living with HIV for active tuberculosis is recommended even in the absence of overt clinical signs of the disease. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is another innovation of the World Health Organisation that is aimed at reducing the infection in HIV positive pregnant women based on evidence and experience and it has been concluded that pregnancy should not be a contraindication to receiving IPT. However, patient's individualisation and rational clinical judgement is required for decisions such as the best time to provide IPT to pregnant women ]]> Thu, 17 Sep 2020 16:30:26 GMT /slideshow/tuberculosis-in-prenancy-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238527637 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Tuberculosis in prenancy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee Prevention of Tuberculosis The BCG vaccine has been incorporated into the National immunization policy of many countries, especially the high burden countries, thereby conferring active immunity from childhood. Nonimmune women travelling to tuberculosis endemic countries should also be vaccinated. It must, however, be noted that the vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy [72]. The prevention, however, goes beyond this as it is essentially a disease of poverty. Improved living condition is, therefore, encouraged with good ventilation, while overcrowding should be avoided. Improvement in nutritional status is another important aspect of the prevention. Pregnant women living with HIV are at higher risk for TB, which can adversely influence maternal and perinatal outcomes [73]. As much as 1.1 million people were diagnosed with the co-infection in 2009 alone [2]. Primary prevention of HIV/AIDS is, therefore, another major step in the prevention of tuberculosis in pregnancy. Screening of all pregnant women living with HIV for active tuberculosis is recommended even in the absence of overt clinical signs of the disease. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is another innovation of the World Health Organisation that is aimed at reducing the infection in HIV positive pregnant women based on evidence and experience and it has been concluded that pregnancy should not be a contraindication to receiving IPT. However, patient's individualisation and rational clinical judgement is required for decisions such as the best time to provide IPT to pregnant women <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/tuberculosisinprenancybydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917163026-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Prevention of Tuberculosis The BCG vaccine has been incorporated into the National immunization policy of many countries, especially the high burden countries, thereby conferring active immunity from childhood. Nonimmune women travelling to tuberculosis endemic countries should also be vaccinated. It must, however, be noted that the vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy [72]. The prevention, however, goes beyond this as it is essentially a disease of poverty. Improved living condition is, therefore, encouraged with good ventilation, while overcrowding should be avoided. Improvement in nutritional status is another important aspect of the prevention. Pregnant women living with HIV are at higher risk for TB, which can adversely influence maternal and perinatal outcomes [73]. As much as 1.1 million people were diagnosed with the co-infection in 2009 alone [2]. Primary prevention of HIV/AIDS is, therefore, another major step in the prevention of tuberculosis in pregnancy. Screening of all pregnant women living with HIV for active tuberculosis is recommended even in the absence of overt clinical signs of the disease. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is another innovation of the World Health Organisation that is aimed at reducing the infection in HIV positive pregnant women based on evidence and experience and it has been concluded that pregnancy should not be a contraindication to receiving IPT. However, patient&#39;s individualisation and rational clinical judgement is required for decisions such as the best time to provide IPT to pregnant women
Tuberculosis in prenancy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 521 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/tuberculosisinprenancybydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200917163026-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Torch infections during pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /alkamukherjee/torch-infections-during-pregnancy-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india torchinfectionsduringpregnancybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200916054342
TORCH Syndrome refers to infection of a developing fetus or newborn by any of a group of infectious agents. "TORCH" is an acronym meaning (T)oxoplasmosis, (O)ther Agents, (R)ubella (also known as German Measles), (C)ytomegalovirus, and (H)erpes Simplex. Infection with any of these agents (i.e., Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses) may cause a constellation of similar symptoms in affected newborns. These may include fever; difficulties feeding; small areas of bleeding under the skin, causing the appearance of small reddish or purplish spots; enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly); yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice); hearing impairment; abnormalities of the eyes; and/or other symptoms and findings. Each infectious agent may also result in additional abnormalities that may be variable, depending upon a number of factors (e.g., stage of fetal development]]>
TORCH Syndrome refers to infection of a developing fetus or newborn by any of a group of infectious agents. "TORCH" is an acronym meaning (T)oxoplasmosis, (O)ther Agents, (R)ubella (also known as German Measles), (C)ytomegalovirus, and (H)erpes Simplex. Infection with any of these agents (i.e., Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses) may cause a constellation of similar symptoms in affected newborns. These may include fever; difficulties feeding; small areas of bleeding under the skin, causing the appearance of small reddish or purplish spots; enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly); yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice); hearing impairment; abnormalities of the eyes; and/or other symptoms and findings. Each infectious agent may also result in additional abnormalities that may be variable, depending upon a number of factors (e.g., stage of fetal development]]> Wed, 16 Sep 2020 05:43:42 GMT /alkamukherjee/torch-infections-during-pregnancy-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Torch infections during pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee TORCH Syndrome refers to infection of a developing fetus or newborn by any of a group of infectious agents. "TORCH" is an acronym meaning (T)oxoplasmosis, (O)ther Agents, (R)ubella (also known as German Measles), (C)ytomegalovirus, and (H)erpes Simplex. Infection with any of these agents (i.e., Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses) may cause a constellation of similar symptoms in affected newborns. These may include fever; difficulties feeding; small areas of bleeding under the skin, causing the appearance of small reddish or purplish spots; enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly); yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice); hearing impairment; abnormalities of the eyes; and/or other symptoms and findings. Each infectious agent may also result in additional abnormalities that may be variable, depending upon a number of factors (e.g., stage of fetal development <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/torchinfectionsduringpregnancybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200916054342-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> TORCH Syndrome refers to infection of a developing fetus or newborn by any of a group of infectious agents. &quot;TORCH&quot; is an acronym meaning (T)oxoplasmosis, (O)ther Agents, (R)ubella (also known as German Measles), (C)ytomegalovirus, and (H)erpes Simplex. Infection with any of these agents (i.e., Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses) may cause a constellation of similar symptoms in affected newborns. These may include fever; difficulties feeding; small areas of bleeding under the skin, causing the appearance of small reddish or purplish spots; enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly); yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice); hearing impairment; abnormalities of the eyes; and/or other symptoms and findings. Each infectious agent may also result in additional abnormalities that may be variable, depending upon a number of factors (e.g., stage of fetal development
Torch infections during pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 607 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/torchinfectionsduringpregnancybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200916054342-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 How to develope your personality by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/how-to-develope-your-personality-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238480912 howtodevelopeyourpersonalitybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200914162306
Personality is what makes a person a unique person, and it is recognizable soon after birth. A child's personality has several components: temperament, environment, and character. Temperament is the set of genetically determined traits that determine the child's approach to the world and how the child learns about the world. There are no genes that specify personality traits, but some genes do control the development of the nervous system, which in turn controls behavior. A second component of personality comes from adaptive patterns related to a child's specific environment. Most psychologists agree that these two factorstemperament and environmentinfluence the development of a person's personality the most. Temperament, with its dependence on genetic factors, is sometimes referred to as "nature," while the environmental factors are called "nurture." While there is still controversy as to which factor ranks higher in affecting personality development, all experts agree that high-quality parenting plays a critical role in the development of a child's personality. When parents understand how their child responds to certain situations, they can anticipate issues that might be problematic for their child. They can prepare the child for the situation or in some cases they may avoid a potentially difficult situation altogether. Parents who know how to adapt their parenting approach to the particular temperament of their child can best provide guidance and ensure the successful development of their child's personality. Finally, the third component of personality is characterthe set of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral patterns learned from experience that determines how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. A person's character continues to evolve throughout life, although much depends on inborn traits and early experiences. Character is also dependent on a person's moral development . ]]>
Personality is what makes a person a unique person, and it is recognizable soon after birth. A child's personality has several components: temperament, environment, and character. Temperament is the set of genetically determined traits that determine the child's approach to the world and how the child learns about the world. There are no genes that specify personality traits, but some genes do control the development of the nervous system, which in turn controls behavior. A second component of personality comes from adaptive patterns related to a child's specific environment. Most psychologists agree that these two factorstemperament and environmentinfluence the development of a person's personality the most. Temperament, with its dependence on genetic factors, is sometimes referred to as "nature," while the environmental factors are called "nurture." While there is still controversy as to which factor ranks higher in affecting personality development, all experts agree that high-quality parenting plays a critical role in the development of a child's personality. When parents understand how their child responds to certain situations, they can anticipate issues that might be problematic for their child. They can prepare the child for the situation or in some cases they may avoid a potentially difficult situation altogether. Parents who know how to adapt their parenting approach to the particular temperament of their child can best provide guidance and ensure the successful development of their child's personality. Finally, the third component of personality is characterthe set of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral patterns learned from experience that determines how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. A person's character continues to evolve throughout life, although much depends on inborn traits and early experiences. Character is also dependent on a person's moral development . ]]> Mon, 14 Sep 2020 16:23:06 GMT /slideshow/how-to-develope-your-personality-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238480912 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) How to develope your personality by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee Personality is what makes a person a unique person, and it is recognizable soon after birth. A child's personality has several components: temperament, environment, and character. Temperament is the set of genetically determined traits that determine the child's approach to the world and how the child learns about the world. There are no genes that specify personality traits, but some genes do control the development of the nervous system, which in turn controls behavior. A second component of personality comes from adaptive patterns related to a child's specific environment. Most psychologists agree that these two factorstemperament and environmentinfluence the development of a person's personality the most. Temperament, with its dependence on genetic factors, is sometimes referred to as "nature," while the environmental factors are called "nurture." While there is still controversy as to which factor ranks higher in affecting personality development, all experts agree that high-quality parenting plays a critical role in the development of a child's personality. When parents understand how their child responds to certain situations, they can anticipate issues that might be problematic for their child. They can prepare the child for the situation or in some cases they may avoid a potentially difficult situation altogether. Parents who know how to adapt their parenting approach to the particular temperament of their child can best provide guidance and ensure the successful development of their child's personality. Finally, the third component of personality is characterthe set of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral patterns learned from experience that determines how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. A person's character continues to evolve throughout life, although much depends on inborn traits and early experiences. Character is also dependent on a person's moral development . <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtodevelopeyourpersonalitybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200914162306-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Personality is what makes a person a unique person, and it is recognizable soon after birth. A child&#39;s personality has several components: temperament, environment, and character. Temperament is the set of genetically determined traits that determine the child&#39;s approach to the world and how the child learns about the world. There are no genes that specify personality traits, but some genes do control the development of the nervous system, which in turn controls behavior. A second component of personality comes from adaptive patterns related to a child&#39;s specific environment. Most psychologists agree that these two factorstemperament and environmentinfluence the development of a person&#39;s personality the most. Temperament, with its dependence on genetic factors, is sometimes referred to as &quot;nature,&quot; while the environmental factors are called &quot;nurture.&quot; While there is still controversy as to which factor ranks higher in affecting personality development, all experts agree that high-quality parenting plays a critical role in the development of a child&#39;s personality. When parents understand how their child responds to certain situations, they can anticipate issues that might be problematic for their child. They can prepare the child for the situation or in some cases they may avoid a potentially difficult situation altogether. Parents who know how to adapt their parenting approach to the particular temperament of their child can best provide guidance and ensure the successful development of their child&#39;s personality. Finally, the third component of personality is characterthe set of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral patterns learned from experience that determines how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. A person&#39;s character continues to evolve throughout life, although much depends on inborn traits and early experiences. Character is also dependent on a person&#39;s moral development .
How to develope your personality by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 85 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtodevelopeyourpersonalitybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200914162306-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Personality by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india /slideshow/personality-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238480638 personalitybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200914153641
The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. While there are many different definitions of personality, most focus on the pattern of behaviors and characteristics that can help predict and explain a person's behavior. Explanations for personality can focus on a variety of influences, ranging from genetic explanations for personality traits to the role of the environment and experience in shaping an individual's personality. ]]>
The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. While there are many different definitions of personality, most focus on the pattern of behaviors and characteristics that can help predict and explain a person's behavior. Explanations for personality can focus on a variety of influences, ranging from genetic explanations for personality traits to the role of the environment and experience in shaping an individual's personality. ]]> Mon, 14 Sep 2020 15:36:40 GMT /slideshow/personality-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238480638 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Personality by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india alkamukherjee The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. While there are many different definitions of personality, most focus on the pattern of behaviors and characteristics that can help predict and explain a person's behavior. Explanations for personality can focus on a variety of influences, ranging from genetic explanations for personality traits to the role of the environment and experience in shaping an individual's personality. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/personalitybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200914153641-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. While there are many different definitions of personality, most focus on the pattern of behaviors and characteristics that can help predict and explain a person&#39;s behavior. Explanations for personality can focus on a variety of influences, ranging from genetic explanations for personality traits to the role of the environment and experience in shaping an individual&#39;s personality.
Personality by dr alka mukherjee nagpur ms india from alka mukherjee
]]> 77 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/personalitybydralkamukherjeenagpurmsindia-200914153641-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Qualitative blood loss in obstetric hemorrhage by dr alka mukherjee india /slideshow/qualitative-blood-loss-in-obstetric-hemorrhage-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-india/238466472 qualitativebloodlossinobstetrichemorrhagebydralkamukherjeeindia-200913080427
Quantitative methods of measuring obstetric blood loss have been shown to be more accurate than visual estimation in determining obstetric blood loss. Studies that have compared visual estimation to quantitative measurement have found that visual estimation is more likely to underestimate the actual blood loss when volumes are high and overestimate when volumes are low. Although quantitative measurement is more accurate than visual estimation for identifying obstetric blood loss, the effectiveness of quantitative blood loss measurement on clinical outcomes has not been demonstrated. Implementation of quantitative assessment of blood loss includes the following two items: 1) use of direct measurement of obstetric blood loss (quantitative blood loss) and 2) protocols for collecting and reporting a cumulative record of blood loss postdelivery. ]]>
Quantitative methods of measuring obstetric blood loss have been shown to be more accurate than visual estimation in determining obstetric blood loss. Studies that have compared visual estimation to quantitative measurement have found that visual estimation is more likely to underestimate the actual blood loss when volumes are high and overestimate when volumes are low. Although quantitative measurement is more accurate than visual estimation for identifying obstetric blood loss, the effectiveness of quantitative blood loss measurement on clinical outcomes has not been demonstrated. Implementation of quantitative assessment of blood loss includes the following two items: 1) use of direct measurement of obstetric blood loss (quantitative blood loss) and 2) protocols for collecting and reporting a cumulative record of blood loss postdelivery. ]]> Sun, 13 Sep 2020 08:04:27 GMT /slideshow/qualitative-blood-loss-in-obstetric-hemorrhage-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-india/238466472 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Qualitative blood loss in obstetric hemorrhage by dr alka mukherjee india alkamukherjee Quantitative methods of measuring obstetric blood loss have been shown to be more accurate than visual estimation in determining obstetric blood loss. Studies that have compared visual estimation to quantitative measurement have found that visual estimation is more likely to underestimate the actual blood loss when volumes are high and overestimate when volumes are low. Although quantitative measurement is more accurate than visual estimation for identifying obstetric blood loss, the effectiveness of quantitative blood loss measurement on clinical outcomes has not been demonstrated. Implementation of quantitative assessment of blood loss includes the following two items: 1) use of direct measurement of obstetric blood loss (quantitative blood loss) and 2) protocols for collecting and reporting a cumulative record of blood loss postdelivery. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/qualitativebloodlossinobstetrichemorrhagebydralkamukherjeeindia-200913080427-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Quantitative methods of measuring obstetric blood loss have been shown to be more accurate than visual estimation in determining obstetric blood loss. Studies that have compared visual estimation to quantitative measurement have found that visual estimation is more likely to underestimate the actual blood loss when volumes are high and overestimate when volumes are low. Although quantitative measurement is more accurate than visual estimation for identifying obstetric blood loss, the effectiveness of quantitative blood loss measurement on clinical outcomes has not been demonstrated. Implementation of quantitative assessment of blood loss includes the following two items: 1) use of direct measurement of obstetric blood loss (quantitative blood loss) and 2) protocols for collecting and reporting a cumulative record of blood loss postdelivery.
Qualitative blood loss in obstetric hemorrhage by dr alka mukherjee india from alka mukherjee
]]> 171 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/qualitativebloodlossinobstetrichemorrhagebydralkamukherjeeindia-200913080427-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Dysmenorrhea and related disorders by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india /slideshow/dysmenorrhea-and-related-disorders-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238466375 dysmenorrheaandrelateddisordersbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200913072504
Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom secondary to various gynecological disorders, but it is also represented in most women as a primary form of disease. Pain associated with dysmenorrhea is caused by hypersecretion of prostaglandins and an increased uterine contractility. The primary dysmenorrhea is quite frequent in young women and remains with a good prognosis, even though it is associated with low quality of life. The secondary forms of dysmenorrhea are associated with endometriosis and adenomyosis and may represent the key symptom. The diagnosis is suspected on the basis of the clinical history and the physical examination and can be confirmed by ultrasound, which is very useful to exclude some secondary causes of dysmenorrhea, such as endometriosis and adenomyosis. The treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone or combined with oral contraceptives or progestins.]]>
Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom secondary to various gynecological disorders, but it is also represented in most women as a primary form of disease. Pain associated with dysmenorrhea is caused by hypersecretion of prostaglandins and an increased uterine contractility. The primary dysmenorrhea is quite frequent in young women and remains with a good prognosis, even though it is associated with low quality of life. The secondary forms of dysmenorrhea are associated with endometriosis and adenomyosis and may represent the key symptom. The diagnosis is suspected on the basis of the clinical history and the physical examination and can be confirmed by ultrasound, which is very useful to exclude some secondary causes of dysmenorrhea, such as endometriosis and adenomyosis. The treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone or combined with oral contraceptives or progestins.]]> Sun, 13 Sep 2020 07:25:04 GMT /slideshow/dysmenorrhea-and-related-disorders-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238466375 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Dysmenorrhea and related disorders by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india alkamukherjee Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom secondary to various gynecological disorders, but it is also represented in most women as a primary form of disease. Pain associated with dysmenorrhea is caused by hypersecretion of prostaglandins and an increased uterine contractility. The primary dysmenorrhea is quite frequent in young women and remains with a good prognosis, even though it is associated with low quality of life. The secondary forms of dysmenorrhea are associated with endometriosis and adenomyosis and may represent the key symptom. The diagnosis is suspected on the basis of the clinical history and the physical examination and can be confirmed by ultrasound, which is very useful to exclude some secondary causes of dysmenorrhea, such as endometriosis and adenomyosis. The treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone or combined with oral contraceptives or progestins. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/dysmenorrheaandrelateddisordersbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200913072504-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom secondary to various gynecological disorders, but it is also represented in most women as a primary form of disease. Pain associated with dysmenorrhea is caused by hypersecretion of prostaglandins and an increased uterine contractility. The primary dysmenorrhea is quite frequent in young women and remains with a good prognosis, even though it is associated with low quality of life. The secondary forms of dysmenorrhea are associated with endometriosis and adenomyosis and may represent the key symptom. The diagnosis is suspected on the basis of the clinical history and the physical examination and can be confirmed by ultrasound, which is very useful to exclude some secondary causes of dysmenorrhea, such as endometriosis and adenomyosis. The treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone or combined with oral contraceptives or progestins.
Dysmenorrhea and related disorders by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india from alka mukherjee
]]> 294 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/dysmenorrheaandrelateddisordersbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200913072504-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Dyspareunia & vulvodynia by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india /slideshow/dyspareunia-amp-vulvodynia-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238457531 dyspareuniavulvodyniabydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200911230123
Pain during or after sexual intercourse is known as dyspareunia. Although this problem can affect men, it is more common in women. Women with dyspareunia may have pain in the vagina, clitoris or labia. There are numerous causes of dyspareunia, many of which are treatable. Common causes include the following: Vaginal dryness Atrophic vaginitis, a common condition causing thinning of the vaginal lining in postmenopausal women Side effects of drugs such as antihistamines and tamoxifen (Nolvadex and other brands) An allergic reaction to clothing, spermicides or douches Endometriosis, an often painful condition in which tissue from the uterine lining migrates and grows abnormally inside the pelvis Inflammation of the area surrounding the vaginal opening, called vulvar vestibulitis Skin diseases, such as lichen planus and lichen sclerosus, affecting the vaginal area Urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, or sexually transmitted diseases Psychological trauma, often stemming from a past history of sexual abuse or trauma Symptoms Women with dyspareunia may feel superficial pain at the entrance of the vagina, or deeper pain during penetration or thrusting of the penis. Some women also may experience severe tightening of the vaginal muscles during penetration, a condition called vaginismus. ]]>
Pain during or after sexual intercourse is known as dyspareunia. Although this problem can affect men, it is more common in women. Women with dyspareunia may have pain in the vagina, clitoris or labia. There are numerous causes of dyspareunia, many of which are treatable. Common causes include the following: Vaginal dryness Atrophic vaginitis, a common condition causing thinning of the vaginal lining in postmenopausal women Side effects of drugs such as antihistamines and tamoxifen (Nolvadex and other brands) An allergic reaction to clothing, spermicides or douches Endometriosis, an often painful condition in which tissue from the uterine lining migrates and grows abnormally inside the pelvis Inflammation of the area surrounding the vaginal opening, called vulvar vestibulitis Skin diseases, such as lichen planus and lichen sclerosus, affecting the vaginal area Urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, or sexually transmitted diseases Psychological trauma, often stemming from a past history of sexual abuse or trauma Symptoms Women with dyspareunia may feel superficial pain at the entrance of the vagina, or deeper pain during penetration or thrusting of the penis. Some women also may experience severe tightening of the vaginal muscles during penetration, a condition called vaginismus. ]]> Fri, 11 Sep 2020 23:01:23 GMT /slideshow/dyspareunia-amp-vulvodynia-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238457531 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Dyspareunia & vulvodynia by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india alkamukherjee Pain during or after sexual intercourse is known as dyspareunia. Although this problem can affect men, it is more common in women. Women with dyspareunia may have pain in the vagina, clitoris or labia. There are numerous causes of dyspareunia, many of which are treatable. Common causes include the following: Vaginal dryness Atrophic vaginitis, a common condition causing thinning of the vaginal lining in postmenopausal women Side effects of drugs such as antihistamines and tamoxifen (Nolvadex and other brands) An allergic reaction to clothing, spermicides or douches Endometriosis, an often painful condition in which tissue from the uterine lining migrates and grows abnormally inside the pelvis Inflammation of the area surrounding the vaginal opening, called vulvar vestibulitis Skin diseases, such as lichen planus and lichen sclerosus, affecting the vaginal area Urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, or sexually transmitted diseases Psychological trauma, often stemming from a past history of sexual abuse or trauma Symptoms Women with dyspareunia may feel superficial pain at the entrance of the vagina, or deeper pain during penetration or thrusting of the penis. Some women also may experience severe tightening of the vaginal muscles during penetration, a condition called vaginismus. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/dyspareuniavulvodyniabydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200911230123-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Pain during or after sexual intercourse is known as dyspareunia. Although this problem can affect men, it is more common in women. Women with dyspareunia may have pain in the vagina, clitoris or labia. There are numerous causes of dyspareunia, many of which are treatable. Common causes include the following: Vaginal dryness Atrophic vaginitis, a common condition causing thinning of the vaginal lining in postmenopausal women Side effects of drugs such as antihistamines and tamoxifen (Nolvadex and other brands) An allergic reaction to clothing, spermicides or douches Endometriosis, an often painful condition in which tissue from the uterine lining migrates and grows abnormally inside the pelvis Inflammation of the area surrounding the vaginal opening, called vulvar vestibulitis Skin diseases, such as lichen planus and lichen sclerosus, affecting the vaginal area Urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, or sexually transmitted diseases Psychological trauma, often stemming from a past history of sexual abuse or trauma Symptoms Women with dyspareunia may feel superficial pain at the entrance of the vagina, or deeper pain during penetration or thrusting of the penis. Some women also may experience severe tightening of the vaginal muscles during penetration, a condition called vaginismus.
Dyspareunia & vulvodynia by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india from alka mukherjee
]]> 1236 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/dyspareuniavulvodyniabydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200911230123-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chronic pelvic pain by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india /slideshow/chronic-pelvic-pain-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238456461 chronicpelvicpainbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200911163638
Chronic pelvic pain in women is defined as persistent, noncyclic pain perceived to be in structures related to the pelvis and lasting more than six months. Often no specific etiology can be identified, and it can be conceptualized as a chronic regional pain syndrome or functional somatic pain syndrome. It is typically associated with other functional somatic pain syndromes (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, nonspecific chronic fatigue syndrome) and mental health disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression). Diagnosis is based on findings from the history and physical examination. Pelvic ultrasonography is indicated to rule out anatomic abnormalities. Referral for diagnostic evaluation of endometriosis by laparoscopy is usually indicated in severe cases. Curative treatment is elusive, and evidence-based therapies are limited. Patient engagement in a biopsychosocial approach is recommended, with treatment of any identifiable disease process such as endometriosis, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, and comorbid depression. Potentially beneficial medications include depot medroxyprogesterone, gabapentin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with add-back hormone therapy. Pelvic floor physical therapy may be helpful. Behavioral therapy is an integral part of treatment. In select cases, neuromodulation of sacral nerves may be appropriate. Hysterectomy may be considered as a last resort if pain seems to be of uterine origin, although significant improvement occurs in only about one-half of cases. Chronic pelvic pain should be managed with a collaborative, patient-centered approach.]]>
Chronic pelvic pain in women is defined as persistent, noncyclic pain perceived to be in structures related to the pelvis and lasting more than six months. Often no specific etiology can be identified, and it can be conceptualized as a chronic regional pain syndrome or functional somatic pain syndrome. It is typically associated with other functional somatic pain syndromes (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, nonspecific chronic fatigue syndrome) and mental health disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression). Diagnosis is based on findings from the history and physical examination. Pelvic ultrasonography is indicated to rule out anatomic abnormalities. Referral for diagnostic evaluation of endometriosis by laparoscopy is usually indicated in severe cases. Curative treatment is elusive, and evidence-based therapies are limited. Patient engagement in a biopsychosocial approach is recommended, with treatment of any identifiable disease process such as endometriosis, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, and comorbid depression. Potentially beneficial medications include depot medroxyprogesterone, gabapentin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with add-back hormone therapy. Pelvic floor physical therapy may be helpful. Behavioral therapy is an integral part of treatment. In select cases, neuromodulation of sacral nerves may be appropriate. Hysterectomy may be considered as a last resort if pain seems to be of uterine origin, although significant improvement occurs in only about one-half of cases. Chronic pelvic pain should be managed with a collaborative, patient-centered approach.]]> Fri, 11 Sep 2020 16:36:38 GMT /slideshow/chronic-pelvic-pain-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238456461 alkamukherjee@slideshare.net(alkamukherjee) Chronic pelvic pain by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india alkamukherjee Chronic pelvic pain in women is defined as persistent, noncyclic pain perceived to be in structures related to the pelvis and lasting more than six months. Often no specific etiology can be identified, and it can be conceptualized as a chronic regional pain syndrome or functional somatic pain syndrome. It is typically associated with other functional somatic pain syndromes (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, nonspecific chronic fatigue syndrome) and mental health disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression). Diagnosis is based on findings from the history and physical examination. Pelvic ultrasonography is indicated to rule out anatomic abnormalities. Referral for diagnostic evaluation of endometriosis by laparoscopy is usually indicated in severe cases. Curative treatment is elusive, and evidence-based therapies are limited. Patient engagement in a biopsychosocial approach is recommended, with treatment of any identifiable disease process such as endometriosis, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, and comorbid depression. Potentially beneficial medications include depot medroxyprogesterone, gabapentin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with add-back hormone therapy. Pelvic floor physical therapy may be helpful. Behavioral therapy is an integral part of treatment. In select cases, neuromodulation of sacral nerves may be appropriate. Hysterectomy may be considered as a last resort if pain seems to be of uterine origin, although significant improvement occurs in only about one-half of cases. Chronic pelvic pain should be managed with a collaborative, patient-centered approach. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chronicpelvicpainbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200911163638-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Chronic pelvic pain in women is defined as persistent, noncyclic pain perceived to be in structures related to the pelvis and lasting more than six months. Often no specific etiology can be identified, and it can be conceptualized as a chronic regional pain syndrome or functional somatic pain syndrome. It is typically associated with other functional somatic pain syndromes (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, nonspecific chronic fatigue syndrome) and mental health disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression). Diagnosis is based on findings from the history and physical examination. Pelvic ultrasonography is indicated to rule out anatomic abnormalities. Referral for diagnostic evaluation of endometriosis by laparoscopy is usually indicated in severe cases. Curative treatment is elusive, and evidence-based therapies are limited. Patient engagement in a biopsychosocial approach is recommended, with treatment of any identifiable disease process such as endometriosis, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, and comorbid depression. Potentially beneficial medications include depot medroxyprogesterone, gabapentin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with add-back hormone therapy. Pelvic floor physical therapy may be helpful. Behavioral therapy is an integral part of treatment. In select cases, neuromodulation of sacral nerves may be appropriate. Hysterectomy may be considered as a last resort if pain seems to be of uterine origin, although significant improvement occurs in only about one-half of cases. Chronic pelvic pain should be managed with a collaborative, patient-centered approach.
Chronic pelvic pain by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india from alka mukherjee
]]> 260 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chronicpelvicpainbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurm-200911163638-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/profile-picture.png https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/managementofanaemiainpregnancy-201107143851-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/management-of-anaemia-in-pregnancy-239140824/239140824 Management of anaemia ... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/secondaryamenorrhoeabydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjee-201025021318-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/secondary-amenorrhoea-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee/238967104 Secondary amenorrhoea ... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/earlypregnancylossbydralkamukherjeedrapurvamukherjeenagpurmsindia-201025010107-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/early-pregnancy-loss-by-dr-alka-mukherjee-dr-apurva-mukherjee-nagpur-ms-india/238966965 Early pregnancy loss b...