際際滷shows by User: choenkrainara / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif 際際滷shows by User: choenkrainara / Sat, 15 Mar 2025 22:09:45 GMT 際際滷Share feed for 際際滷shows by User: choenkrainara 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖犖朽権犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犖 (Pre-Conditions) 犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖-犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 (Deposit-Return System: DRS) 犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽権犖о犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 (Pre-Feasibility Study on Establishment of Deposit-Return System (DRS) in Bangkok City) /slideshow/pre-conditions-deposit-return-system-drs-pre-feasibility-study-on-establishment-of-deposit-return-system-drs-in-bangkok-city/276743272 pre-feasibilitystudyondeposit-returnsystemdrsinbangkokcityforpublic-250315220945-bae04203
犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖ム険犖: 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犖犖о PET 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖橿犖犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖項犖犖朽 76% 犖犖о PET 犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犢犖犖∇犖ム犖犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖項犖犖巌犖迦牽犖犖迦硯犢犖迦肩犖萎賢犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献 犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖園犖犖伍犖園 犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖園犖犖項犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖項犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖犢犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖о (DRS) 犢犖犢 犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) 犖÷元犖犖∇弦犢犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犢犖犢犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о犢犖犢犖о犖朽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖萎犖о犖犖劇犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 66% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犢犖∇犖犖∇鍵犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖 80% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犢犖迦犖犖萎犖 DRS 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖÷元犢犖犖朽権犖 47% 犢犖犢犖迦犖園犖犖犖朽犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) Key Findings: Rate of collection for recycling of PET bottles is quite high at 76%. PET bottles collected by existing mechanism are considered very clean for recyclers. Under existing laws, BMA cannot force producers or retailers to implement DRS. RVMs exist in a few locations, but they are not based on the DRS DRS exists in certain applications in Thailand such as glass bottle sold in restaurants and local convenience stores. 66% of survey respondents regularly segregate their waste. 80% of survey respondents are interested in obtaining money when returning beverage packaging through the DRS while only 47% are interested in using the RVMs.]]>
犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖ム険犖: 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犖犖о PET 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖橿犖犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖項犖犖朽 76% 犖犖о PET 犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犢犖犖∇犖ム犖犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖項犖犖巌犖迦牽犖犖迦硯犢犖迦肩犖萎賢犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献 犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖園犖犖伍犖園 犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖園犖犖項犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖項犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖犢犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖о (DRS) 犢犖犢 犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) 犖÷元犖犖∇弦犢犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犢犖犢犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о犢犖犢犖о犖朽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖萎犖о犖犖劇犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 66% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犢犖∇犖犖∇鍵犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖 80% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犢犖迦犖犖萎犖 DRS 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖÷元犢犖犖朽権犖 47% 犢犖犢犖迦犖園犖犖犖朽犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) Key Findings: Rate of collection for recycling of PET bottles is quite high at 76%. PET bottles collected by existing mechanism are considered very clean for recyclers. Under existing laws, BMA cannot force producers or retailers to implement DRS. RVMs exist in a few locations, but they are not based on the DRS DRS exists in certain applications in Thailand such as glass bottle sold in restaurants and local convenience stores. 66% of survey respondents regularly segregate their waste. 80% of survey respondents are interested in obtaining money when returning beverage packaging through the DRS while only 47% are interested in using the RVMs.]]> Sat, 15 Mar 2025 22:09:45 GMT /slideshow/pre-conditions-deposit-return-system-drs-pre-feasibility-study-on-establishment-of-deposit-return-system-drs-in-bangkok-city/276743272 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖犖朽権犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犖 (Pre-Conditions) 犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖-犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 (Deposit-Return System: DRS) 犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽権犖о犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 (Pre-Feasibility Study on Establishment of Deposit-Return System (DRS) in Bangkok City) choenkrainara 犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖ム険犖: 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犖犖о PET 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖橿犖犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖項犖犖朽 76% 犖犖о PET 犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犢犖犖∇犖ム犖犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖項犖犖巌犖迦牽犖犖迦硯犢犖迦肩犖萎賢犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献 犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖園犖犖伍犖園 犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖園犖犖項犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖項犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖犢犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖о (DRS) 犢犖犢 犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) 犖÷元犖犖∇弦犢犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犢犖犢犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о犢犖犢犖о犖朽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖萎犖о犖犖劇犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 66% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犢犖∇犖犖∇鍵犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖 80% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犢犖迦犖犖萎犖 DRS 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖÷元犢犖犖朽権犖 47% 犢犖犢犖迦犖園犖犖犖朽犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) Key Findings: Rate of collection for recycling of PET bottles is quite high at 76%. PET bottles collected by existing mechanism are considered very clean for recyclers. Under existing laws, BMA cannot force producers or retailers to implement DRS. RVMs exist in a few locations, but they are not based on the DRS DRS exists in certain applications in Thailand such as glass bottle sold in restaurants and local convenience stores. 66% of survey respondents regularly segregate their waste. 80% of survey respondents are interested in obtaining money when returning beverage packaging through the DRS while only 47% are interested in using the RVMs. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/pre-feasibilitystudyondeposit-returnsystemdrsinbangkokcityforpublic-250315220945-bae04203-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖ム険犖: 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犖犖о PET 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖橿犖犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖項犖犖朽 76% 犖犖о PET 犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖о検犢犖犖∇犖ム犖犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖項犖犖巌犖迦牽犖犖迦硯犢犖迦肩犖萎賢犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献 犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖園犖犖伍犖園 犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖園犖犖項犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖項犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖犢犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖о (DRS) 犢犖犢 犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) 犖÷元犖犖∇弦犢犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犢犖犢犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖迦検犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖犖萎犖 DRS 犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о犢犖犢犖о犖朽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖萎犖о犖犖劇犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 66% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犢犖∇犖犖∇鍵犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖 80% 犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犢犖迦犖犖萎犖 DRS 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖÷元犢犖犖朽権犖 47% 犢犖犢犖迦犖園犖犖犖朽犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖項犖犖園犖犖о (RVM) Key Findings: Rate of collection for recycling of PET bottles is quite high at 76%. PET bottles collected by existing mechanism are considered very clean for recyclers. Under existing laws, BMA cannot force producers or retailers to implement DRS. RVMs exist in a few locations, but they are not based on the DRS DRS exists in certain applications in Thailand such as glass bottle sold in restaurants and local convenience stores. 66% of survey respondents regularly segregate their waste. 80% of survey respondents are interested in obtaining money when returning beverage packaging through the DRS while only 47% are interested in using the RVMs.
犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖犖朽権犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犖 (Pre-Conditions) 犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖-犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 (Deposit-Return System: DRS) 犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽権犖о犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 (Pre-Feasibility Study on Establishment of Deposit-Return System (DRS) in Bangkok City) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 16 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/pre-feasibilitystudyondeposit-returnsystemdrsinbangkokcityforpublic-250315220945-bae04203-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Certificate of Completion in Foundations of Central Bank Law /slideshow/certificate-of-completion-in-foundations-of-central-bank-law/276703951 certificateofcompletioninfoundationsofcentralbanklaw-250314173259-f2ab0761
Foundations of Central Bank Law]]>
Foundations of Central Bank Law]]> Fri, 14 Mar 2025 17:32:59 GMT /slideshow/certificate-of-completion-in-foundations-of-central-bank-law/276703951 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Certificate of Completion in Foundations of Central Bank Law choenkrainara Foundations of Central Bank Law <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/certificateofcompletioninfoundationsofcentralbanklaw-250314173259-f2ab0761-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Foundations of Central Bank Law
Certificate of Completion in Foundations of Central Bank Law from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 12 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/certificateofcompletioninfoundationsofcentralbanklaw-250314173259-f2ab0761-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犢犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖犖犖迦犖ム犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 ((Economic and Social Impacts from the Implementation of a Deposit-Refund System on Informal Waste Pickers and Tuk-Tuk Drivers in Bangkok City) /slideshow/ss-7db4/275202340 expectedsocialandeconomicimpactsofdrsoninformalwastepickersandbangkokcityrg-250128072744-e0e5088d
犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 (Bottle Deposit Refund System) 犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖犖劇犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖ム険犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖橿牽犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖萎権犖伍犖犢犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖ム犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犖犢犖÷元犢犖犖犖迦肩犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖÷犢 犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽 犖犖朽犖犖園犖犖∇険犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖迦犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犢 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犢犖犢犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖萎見犖犖園犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犖園犖犖 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о牽犖÷元犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖犖犖÷見犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖謹犖 Abstract The Deposit Refund System is a system implemented in many countries to promote recycling and reduce waste. Consumers receive a refund when they return beverage containers, and if applied in Bangkok, it may have both positive and negative economic and social impacts on informal waste pickers and tuk-tuk drivers. This study forecasts potential impacts, including reduced income from certain types of recyclable waste collection, but also potential opportunities for earning through new channels arising from the system. Moreover, it could improve the quality of life for some waste pickers if they are supported to join the official system and raised awareness regarding waste management in society. To ensure the system's effectiveness, supportive measures such as training and creating accessible ways for waste pickers to participate in the system should be implemented to maximize the benefits for informal waste collectors.]]>
犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 (Bottle Deposit Refund System) 犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖犖劇犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖ム険犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖橿牽犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖萎権犖伍犖犢犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖ム犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犖犢犖÷元犢犖犖犖迦肩犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖÷犢 犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽 犖犖朽犖犖園犖犖∇険犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖迦犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犢 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犢犖犢犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖萎見犖犖園犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犖園犖犖 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о牽犖÷元犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖犖犖÷見犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖謹犖 Abstract The Deposit Refund System is a system implemented in many countries to promote recycling and reduce waste. Consumers receive a refund when they return beverage containers, and if applied in Bangkok, it may have both positive and negative economic and social impacts on informal waste pickers and tuk-tuk drivers. This study forecasts potential impacts, including reduced income from certain types of recyclable waste collection, but also potential opportunities for earning through new channels arising from the system. Moreover, it could improve the quality of life for some waste pickers if they are supported to join the official system and raised awareness regarding waste management in society. To ensure the system's effectiveness, supportive measures such as training and creating accessible ways for waste pickers to participate in the system should be implemented to maximize the benefits for informal waste collectors.]]> Tue, 28 Jan 2025 07:27:43 GMT /slideshow/ss-7db4/275202340 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犢犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖犖犖迦犖ム犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 ((Economic and Social Impacts from the Implementation of a Deposit-Refund System on Informal Waste Pickers and Tuk-Tuk Drivers in Bangkok City) choenkrainara 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 (Bottle Deposit Refund System) 犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖犖劇犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖ム険犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖橿牽犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖萎権犖伍犖犢犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖ム犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犖犢犖÷元犢犖犖犖迦肩犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖÷犢 犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽 犖犖朽犖犖園犖犖∇険犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖迦犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犢 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犢犖犢犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖萎見犖犖園犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犖園犖犖 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о牽犖÷元犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖犖犖÷見犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖謹犖 Abstract The Deposit Refund System is a system implemented in many countries to promote recycling and reduce waste. Consumers receive a refund when they return beverage containers, and if applied in Bangkok, it may have both positive and negative economic and social impacts on informal waste pickers and tuk-tuk drivers. This study forecasts potential impacts, including reduced income from certain types of recyclable waste collection, but also potential opportunities for earning through new channels arising from the system. Moreover, it could improve the quality of life for some waste pickers if they are supported to join the official system and raised awareness regarding waste management in society. To ensure the system's effectiveness, supportive measures such as training and creating accessible ways for waste pickers to participate in the system should be implemented to maximize the benefits for informal waste collectors. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/expectedsocialandeconomicimpactsofdrsoninformalwastepickersandbangkokcityrg-250128072744-e0e5088d-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 (Bottle Deposit Refund System) 犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖犖劇犢犖÷厳犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖ム険犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖橿牽犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖萎権犖伍犖犢犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖ム犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犖犢犖÷元犢犖犖犖迦肩犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦権犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖÷犢 犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽 犖犖朽犖犖園犖犖∇険犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖迦犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犢 犖犖迦犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犢犖犢犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖萎見犖犖園犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖犖園犖犖 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о牽犖÷元犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖犖犖÷見犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖萎犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖項犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖÷顕犖犖犖謹犖 Abstract The Deposit Refund System is a system implemented in many countries to promote recycling and reduce waste. Consumers receive a refund when they return beverage containers, and if applied in Bangkok, it may have both positive and negative economic and social impacts on informal waste pickers and tuk-tuk drivers. This study forecasts potential impacts, including reduced income from certain types of recyclable waste collection, but also potential opportunities for earning through new channels arising from the system. Moreover, it could improve the quality of life for some waste pickers if they are supported to join the official system and raised awareness regarding waste management in society. To ensure the system&#39;s effectiveness, supportive measures such as training and creating accessible ways for waste pickers to participate in the system should be implemented to maximize the benefits for informal waste collectors.
犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖萎犖犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犢犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖犖犖迦犖ム犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 ((Economic and Social Impacts from the Implementation of a Deposit-Refund System on Informal Waste Pickers and Tuk-Tuk Drivers in Bangkok City) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 4 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/expectedsocialandeconomicimpactsofdrsoninformalwastepickersandbangkokcityrg-250128072744-e0e5088d-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖犖萎犖迦絹犖犖犖萎犖犖о犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖伍昇犢仰犖犖劇犖犖犖橿見犖犖僅検犖迦犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 /slideshow/ss-c785/275169782 thaifdarecycledpetregulationrg-250127034331-a0e37d71
犖犖犖萎犖迦絹犖犖朽犖犖橿見犖犖犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖犖伍犖朽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖伍賢犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 犢犖犖∇牽犖萎犖伍犢犖犖犖橿見犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖о険犖犖犖伍犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖 犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犖犢犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦権 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖÷鹸犖犖犖犖園犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 Abstract This announcement sets the quality and safety standards for plastic containers, ensuring they are suitable for packaging food and beverages. It outlines the requirements for materials used in manufacturing plastic containers, focusing on their safety for consumer use. The goal is to prevent any potential health risks from plastic containers, including contamination or harmful chemicals. The regulation also encourages the use of environmentally friendly practices in the production and disposal of plastic containers.]]>
犖犖犖萎犖迦絹犖犖朽犖犖橿見犖犖犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖犖伍犖朽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖伍賢犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 犢犖犖∇牽犖萎犖伍犢犖犖犖橿見犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖о険犖犖犖伍犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖 犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犖犢犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦権 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖÷鹸犖犖犖犖園犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 Abstract This announcement sets the quality and safety standards for plastic containers, ensuring they are suitable for packaging food and beverages. It outlines the requirements for materials used in manufacturing plastic containers, focusing on their safety for consumer use. The goal is to prevent any potential health risks from plastic containers, including contamination or harmful chemicals. The regulation also encourages the use of environmentally friendly practices in the production and disposal of plastic containers.]]> Mon, 27 Jan 2025 03:43:31 GMT /slideshow/ss-c785/275169782 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖犖萎犖迦絹犖犖犖萎犖犖о犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖伍昇犢仰犖犖劇犖犖犖橿見犖犖僅検犖迦犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 choenkrainara 犖犖犖萎犖迦絹犖犖朽犖犖橿見犖犖犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖犖伍犖朽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖伍賢犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 犢犖犖∇牽犖萎犖伍犢犖犖犖橿見犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖о険犖犖犖伍犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖 犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犖犢犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦権 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖÷鹸犖犖犖犖園犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 Abstract This announcement sets the quality and safety standards for plastic containers, ensuring they are suitable for packaging food and beverages. It outlines the requirements for materials used in manufacturing plastic containers, focusing on their safety for consumer use. The goal is to prevent any potential health risks from plastic containers, including contamination or harmful chemicals. The regulation also encourages the use of environmentally friendly practices in the production and disposal of plastic containers. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thaifdarecycledpetregulationrg-250127034331-a0e37d71-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖犖萎犖迦絹犖犖朽犖犖橿見犖犖犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖犖犖犖伍犖朽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖伍賢犖迦見犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖 犢犖犖∇牽犖萎犖伍犢犖犖犖橿見犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖о険犖犖犖伍犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖犖巌犖犖 犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犖犢犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖迦犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦権 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖÷鹸犖犖犖犖園犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 Abstract This announcement sets the quality and safety standards for plastic containers, ensuring they are suitable for packaging food and beverages. It outlines the requirements for materials used in manufacturing plastic containers, focusing on their safety for consumer use. The goal is to prevent any potential health risks from plastic containers, including contamination or harmful chemicals. The regulation also encourages the use of environmentally friendly practices in the production and disposal of plastic containers.
犖犖犖萎犖迦絹犖犖犖萎犖犖о犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖伍昇犢仰犖犖劇犖犖犖橿見犖犖僅検犖迦犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖萎犖ム顕犖犖犖巌 from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 34 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thaifdarecycledpetregulationrg-250127034331-a0e37d71-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム元犢犖∇犢犖犖ム犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖迦絹犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 (Study Project on Pilot Coastal City Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Central Region of Thailand) /slideshow/study-project-on-prototype-coastal-city-mitigation-and-adaptation-to-climate-change-in-the-central-region-of-thailand/273689546 studyprojectonprototypecoastalcitymitigationandadaptationtoclimatechangeinthecentralregionofthailand-241128201727-72c3f4f1
犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖о犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム牽犖о検 3,148 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖∇弦犢犢犖 23 犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦 12 犖ム犖迦犖犖犖犖迦絹犖園権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖伍犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム権犖迦硯 1,041.57 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犢犖犢犢犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犢犖犖犖犖謹 373.21 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖犖∇献犖 51.12 犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖萎検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿権犖伍犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖÷顕犢犖ム犖о犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2550 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犢犖犖犖∇幻犖犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖 犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犢犖犢犖犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖謹犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦検犖迦犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖朽犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 犖о険犖犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 1.犖犖謹犖犖迦肩犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢 犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖朽犖÷元犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖 2.犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 3.犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖犖о犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎賢犖 犖犖園硯犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢 500,000 犖犖迦 Abstract Thailand has a total coastline of 3,148 kilometers, spanning across 23 provinces, with approximately 12 million people living in coastal areas. Coastal erosion is a major problem affecting these areas, especially in the central region, which has 11 coastal provinces stretching 1,041.57 kilometers. Coastal erosion in the central region has led to moderate and severe erosion over 373.21 kilometers, accounting for 51.12% of the country's total eroded coastline. Despite the development of strategies for coastal erosion prevention and management since 2007, there are still issues in implementing these strategies, such as a lack of baseline data, insufficient community participation, and poor coordination among relevant agencies. Therefore, it is essential to study prototype coastal cities that can effectively mitigate and adapt to coastal erosion, in order to propose appropriate measures and strategies to address these challenges.]]>
犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖о犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム牽犖о検 3,148 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖∇弦犢犢犖 23 犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦 12 犖ム犖迦犖犖犖犖迦絹犖園権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖伍犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム権犖迦硯 1,041.57 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犢犖犢犢犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犢犖犖犖犖謹 373.21 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖犖∇献犖 51.12 犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖萎検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿権犖伍犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖÷顕犢犖ム犖о犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2550 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犢犖犖犖∇幻犖犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖 犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犢犖犢犖犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖謹犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦検犖迦犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖朽犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 犖о険犖犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 1.犖犖謹犖犖迦肩犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢 犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖朽犖÷元犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖 2.犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 3.犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖犖о犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎賢犖 犖犖園硯犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢 500,000 犖犖迦 Abstract Thailand has a total coastline of 3,148 kilometers, spanning across 23 provinces, with approximately 12 million people living in coastal areas. Coastal erosion is a major problem affecting these areas, especially in the central region, which has 11 coastal provinces stretching 1,041.57 kilometers. Coastal erosion in the central region has led to moderate and severe erosion over 373.21 kilometers, accounting for 51.12% of the country's total eroded coastline. Despite the development of strategies for coastal erosion prevention and management since 2007, there are still issues in implementing these strategies, such as a lack of baseline data, insufficient community participation, and poor coordination among relevant agencies. Therefore, it is essential to study prototype coastal cities that can effectively mitigate and adapt to coastal erosion, in order to propose appropriate measures and strategies to address these challenges.]]> Thu, 28 Nov 2024 20:17:27 GMT /slideshow/study-project-on-prototype-coastal-city-mitigation-and-adaptation-to-climate-change-in-the-central-region-of-thailand/273689546 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム元犢犖∇犢犖犖ム犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖迦絹犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 (Study Project on Pilot Coastal City Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Central Region of Thailand) choenkrainara 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖о犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム牽犖о検 3,148 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖∇弦犢犢犖 23 犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦 12 犖ム犖迦犖犖犖犖迦絹犖園権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖伍犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム権犖迦硯 1,041.57 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犢犖犢犢犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犢犖犖犖犖謹 373.21 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖犖∇献犖 51.12 犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖萎検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿権犖伍犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖÷顕犢犖ム犖о犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2550 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犢犖犖犖∇幻犖犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖 犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犢犖犢犖犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖謹犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦検犖迦犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖朽犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 犖о険犖犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 1.犖犖謹犖犖迦肩犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢 犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖朽犖÷元犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖 2.犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 3.犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖犖о犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎賢犖 犖犖園硯犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢 500,000 犖犖迦 Abstract Thailand has a total coastline of 3,148 kilometers, spanning across 23 provinces, with approximately 12 million people living in coastal areas. Coastal erosion is a major problem affecting these areas, especially in the central region, which has 11 coastal provinces stretching 1,041.57 kilometers. Coastal erosion in the central region has led to moderate and severe erosion over 373.21 kilometers, accounting for 51.12% of the country's total eroded coastline. Despite the development of strategies for coastal erosion prevention and management since 2007, there are still issues in implementing these strategies, such as a lack of baseline data, insufficient community participation, and poor coordination among relevant agencies. Therefore, it is essential to study prototype coastal cities that can effectively mitigate and adapt to coastal erosion, in order to propose appropriate measures and strategies to address these challenges. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/studyprojectonprototypecoastalcitymitigationandadaptationtoclimatechangeinthecentralregionofthailand-241128201727-72c3f4f1-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖о犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム牽犖о検 3,148 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖∇弦犢犢犖 23 犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦 12 犖ム犖迦犖犖犖犖迦絹犖園権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖園犖犖伍犖園犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖伍犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム権犖迦硯 1,041.57 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犢犖犢犢犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犢犖犖犖犖謹 373.21 犖犖巌犖ム犖÷犖 犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖犖∇献犖 51.12 犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖萎検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿権犖伍犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖÷顕犢犖ム犖о犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2550 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犢犖犖犖∇幻犖犖犖犖迦肩犖犖犢犖犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖 犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犢犖犢犖犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖謹犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦検犖迦犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖朽犢犖犖÷顕犖萎肩犖÷犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 犖о険犖犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 1.犖犖謹犖犖迦肩犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢 犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犖朽犖÷元犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖 2.犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 3.犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖犖о犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖 犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖 犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎賢犖 犖犖園硯犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖萎検犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢 500,000 犖犖迦 Abstract Thailand has a total coastline of 3,148 kilometers, spanning across 23 provinces, with approximately 12 million people living in coastal areas. Coastal erosion is a major problem affecting these areas, especially in the central region, which has 11 coastal provinces stretching 1,041.57 kilometers. Coastal erosion in the central region has led to moderate and severe erosion over 373.21 kilometers, accounting for 51.12% of the country&#39;s total eroded coastline. Despite the development of strategies for coastal erosion prevention and management since 2007, there are still issues in implementing these strategies, such as a lack of baseline data, insufficient community participation, and poor coordination among relevant agencies. Therefore, it is essential to study prototype coastal cities that can effectively mitigate and adapt to coastal erosion, in order to propose appropriate measures and strategies to address these challenges.
犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖迦権犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖ム犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖園硯犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム元犢犖∇犢犖犖ム犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖迦絹犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 (Study Project on Pilot Coastal City Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Central Region of Thailand) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 25 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/studyprojectonprototypecoastalcitymitigationandadaptationtoclimatechangeinthecentralregionofthailand-241128201727-72c3f4f1-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犖巌犖犢犖犢犖迦肩犢犖犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖 (Roles of Clearing House or Central Deposit Management Organization in the context of a Deposit Refund System: DRS) /slideshow/roles-of-clearing-house-or-central-deposit-management-organization-in-the-context-of-a-deposit-refund-system-drs/273624745 rolesofclearinghouseorcentraldepositmanagementorganizationindepositreturnsystem-241126211043-09545f8c
犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犖巌犖犢犖犢犖迦肩犢 (Clearing House) 犖犖犖劇賢 犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖ム顕犖 (Central Deposit Management Organization) 犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖伍牽犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖迦犖ム弦犖犖犢犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎賢犖犖巌犖迦権犖犖犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犢犖迦犖朽犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎肩犖迦犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿賢犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷牽犖о犢犖犢犖о犖ム鍵犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖÷顕犖犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖謹犖 犖犖園犖犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖朽犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷険犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 Abstract This paper presents the role of a Clearing House or Central Deposit Management Organization in the context of a deposit refund system. This system plays a crucial role in managing financial transactions related to the collection and return of deposits from customers. The paper will describe the role and responsibilities of such organizations in coordinating and efficiently managing deposit funds, as well as improving the speed and security of the refund process. Moreover, the application of technology and effective management practices will help reduce risks and enhance trust in the financial system.]]>
犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犖巌犖犢犖犢犖迦肩犢 (Clearing House) 犖犖犖劇賢 犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖ム顕犖 (Central Deposit Management Organization) 犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖伍牽犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖迦犖ム弦犖犖犢犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎賢犖犖巌犖迦権犖犖犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犢犖迦犖朽犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎肩犖迦犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿賢犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷牽犖о犢犖犢犖о犖ム鍵犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖÷顕犖犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖謹犖 犖犖園犖犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖朽犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷険犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 Abstract This paper presents the role of a Clearing House or Central Deposit Management Organization in the context of a deposit refund system. This system plays a crucial role in managing financial transactions related to the collection and return of deposits from customers. The paper will describe the role and responsibilities of such organizations in coordinating and efficiently managing deposit funds, as well as improving the speed and security of the refund process. Moreover, the application of technology and effective management practices will help reduce risks and enhance trust in the financial system.]]> Tue, 26 Nov 2024 21:10:43 GMT /slideshow/roles-of-clearing-house-or-central-deposit-management-organization-in-the-context-of-a-deposit-refund-system-drs/273624745 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犖巌犖犢犖犢犖迦肩犢犖犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖 (Roles of Clearing House or Central Deposit Management Organization in the context of a Deposit Refund System: DRS) choenkrainara 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犖巌犖犢犖犢犖迦肩犢 (Clearing House) 犖犖犖劇賢 犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖ム顕犖 (Central Deposit Management Organization) 犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖伍牽犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖迦犖ム弦犖犖犢犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎賢犖犖巌犖迦権犖犖犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犢犖迦犖朽犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎肩犖迦犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿賢犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷牽犖о犢犖犢犖о犖ム鍵犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖÷顕犖犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖謹犖 犖犖園犖犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖朽犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷険犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 Abstract This paper presents the role of a Clearing House or Central Deposit Management Organization in the context of a deposit refund system. This system plays a crucial role in managing financial transactions related to the collection and return of deposits from customers. The paper will describe the role and responsibilities of such organizations in coordinating and efficiently managing deposit funds, as well as improving the speed and security of the refund process. Moreover, the application of technology and effective management practices will help reduce risks and enhance trust in the financial system. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/rolesofclearinghouseorcentraldepositmanagementorganizationindepositreturnsystem-241126211043-09545f8c-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犖巌犖犢犖犢犖迦肩犢 (Clearing House) 犖犖犖劇賢 犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖ム顕犖 (Central Deposit Management Organization) 犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖伍牽犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖迦犖ム弦犖犖犢犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎賢犖犖巌犖迦権犖犖犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犢犖迦犖朽犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎肩犖迦犖犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖橿賢犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷牽犖о犢犖犢犖о犖ム鍵犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犖÷顕犖犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖謹犖 犖犖園犖犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖朽犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖朽犖∇犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷険犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖ム犖迦硯 Abstract This paper presents the role of a Clearing House or Central Deposit Management Organization in the context of a deposit refund system. This system plays a crucial role in managing financial transactions related to the collection and return of deposits from customers. The paper will describe the role and responsibilities of such organizations in coordinating and efficiently managing deposit funds, as well as improving the speed and security of the refund process. Moreover, the application of technology and effective management practices will help reduce risks and enhance trust in the financial system.
犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犖巌犖犢犖犢犖迦肩犢犖犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖÷険犖犖犖橿犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犢犖犖巌犖÷険犖犖犖 (Roles of Clearing House or Central Deposit Management Organization in the context of a Deposit Refund System: DRS) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 18 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/rolesofclearinghouseorcentraldepositmanagementorganizationindepositreturnsystem-241126211043-09545f8c-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖∇犖迦犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 (Sustainable Development of Production and Marketing Chains for Agriculture Sector in Central Region of Thailand) /slideshow/sustainable-development-of-production-and-marketing-chains-for-agriculture-sector-in-central-region-of-thailand-95c3/273566174 sustainabledevelopmentofproductionandmarketingchainsforagriculturesectorincentralregionofthailand-241124214515-e0efa8db
犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖犖犖謹犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖 2 犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖橿犖犖犖犖迦犖迦肩犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖犖犖犖犖犖朽絹犖謹犖犖迦犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犖∇犖犖∇犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖ム犢犖犖ム犖犖犢犖 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖犖項犖犖ム犖ム鹸犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犖∇犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖犢犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖ム顕犖犢犖 犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖迦 Abstract This paper provides an overview of agricultural product markets in the central region of Thailand, focusing on the role of markets in supporting the production and distribution of agricultural products. It also discusses the development of value chains and the promotion of sustainable agricultural product markets at the community, provincial, regional, and national levels. Agricultural markets are categorized into two types: community-level agricultural markets and central agricultural markets at the provincial, regional, or national levels, with the latter playing a critical role in mitigating the issue of declining agricultural prices in the future. A case study of the central region investigates the production chain problems faced by small-scale farmers, including water shortages, excessive use of chemicals, and lack of aggregation for product processing. Successful examples of central agricultural markets, such as Talad Thai, are highlighted as effective models for connecting farmers with domestic and international markets. Recommendations for developing the agricultural value chain and markets in the central region include improving transport infrastructure, promoting farmer groups, developing local and national agricultural markets, and ensuring the sustainable production of safe and high-quality agricultural products.]]>
犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖犖犖謹犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖 2 犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖橿犖犖犖犖迦犖迦肩犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖犖犖犖犖犖朽絹犖謹犖犖迦犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犖∇犖犖∇犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖ム犢犖犖ム犖犖犢犖 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖犖項犖犖ム犖ム鹸犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犖∇犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖犢犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖ム顕犖犢犖 犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖迦 Abstract This paper provides an overview of agricultural product markets in the central region of Thailand, focusing on the role of markets in supporting the production and distribution of agricultural products. It also discusses the development of value chains and the promotion of sustainable agricultural product markets at the community, provincial, regional, and national levels. Agricultural markets are categorized into two types: community-level agricultural markets and central agricultural markets at the provincial, regional, or national levels, with the latter playing a critical role in mitigating the issue of declining agricultural prices in the future. A case study of the central region investigates the production chain problems faced by small-scale farmers, including water shortages, excessive use of chemicals, and lack of aggregation for product processing. Successful examples of central agricultural markets, such as Talad Thai, are highlighted as effective models for connecting farmers with domestic and international markets. Recommendations for developing the agricultural value chain and markets in the central region include improving transport infrastructure, promoting farmer groups, developing local and national agricultural markets, and ensuring the sustainable production of safe and high-quality agricultural products.]]> Sun, 24 Nov 2024 21:45:15 GMT /slideshow/sustainable-development-of-production-and-marketing-chains-for-agriculture-sector-in-central-region-of-thailand-95c3/273566174 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖∇犖迦犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 (Sustainable Development of Production and Marketing Chains for Agriculture Sector in Central Region of Thailand) choenkrainara 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖犖犖謹犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖 2 犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖橿犖犖犖犖迦犖迦肩犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖犖犖犖犖犖朽絹犖謹犖犖迦犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犖∇犖犖∇犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖ム犢犖犖ム犖犖犢犖 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖犖項犖犖ム犖ム鹸犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犖∇犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖犢犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖ム顕犖犢犖 犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖迦 Abstract This paper provides an overview of agricultural product markets in the central region of Thailand, focusing on the role of markets in supporting the production and distribution of agricultural products. It also discusses the development of value chains and the promotion of sustainable agricultural product markets at the community, provincial, regional, and national levels. Agricultural markets are categorized into two types: community-level agricultural markets and central agricultural markets at the provincial, regional, or national levels, with the latter playing a critical role in mitigating the issue of declining agricultural prices in the future. A case study of the central region investigates the production chain problems faced by small-scale farmers, including water shortages, excessive use of chemicals, and lack of aggregation for product processing. Successful examples of central agricultural markets, such as Talad Thai, are highlighted as effective models for connecting farmers with domestic and international markets. Recommendations for developing the agricultural value chain and markets in the central region include improving transport infrastructure, promoting farmer groups, developing local and national agricultural markets, and ensuring the sustainable production of safe and high-quality agricultural products. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/sustainabledevelopmentofproductionandmarketingchainsforagriculturesectorincentralregionofthailand-241124214515-e0efa8db-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犢犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖犖犖迦犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犖犖犖犖謹犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖 2 犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖園犖犖о険犖 犖犖迦 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犢犖о権犖ム犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖橿犖犖犖犖迦犖迦肩犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 犢犖犖犢犖о犖犖犖犖犖犖犖朽絹犖謹犖犖迦犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犖∇犖犖∇犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖ム犢犖犖ム犖犖犢犖 犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犢犖犖÷元 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖犖項犖犖ム犖ム鹸犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犖∇犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖朽犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖犢犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖ム顕犖犢犖 犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖ム幻犢犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖朽犖犖ム賢犖犖犖園権犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖迦 Abstract This paper provides an overview of agricultural product markets in the central region of Thailand, focusing on the role of markets in supporting the production and distribution of agricultural products. It also discusses the development of value chains and the promotion of sustainable agricultural product markets at the community, provincial, regional, and national levels. Agricultural markets are categorized into two types: community-level agricultural markets and central agricultural markets at the provincial, regional, or national levels, with the latter playing a critical role in mitigating the issue of declining agricultural prices in the future. A case study of the central region investigates the production chain problems faced by small-scale farmers, including water shortages, excessive use of chemicals, and lack of aggregation for product processing. Successful examples of central agricultural markets, such as Talad Thai, are highlighted as effective models for connecting farmers with domestic and international markets. Recommendations for developing the agricultural value chain and markets in the central region include improving transport infrastructure, promoting farmer groups, developing local and national agricultural markets, and ensuring the sustainable production of safe and high-quality agricultural products.
犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦見犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犖犖∇犖迦犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 (Sustainable Development of Production and Marketing Chains for Agriculture Sector in Central Region of Thailand) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 13 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/sustainabledevelopmentofproductionandmarketingchainsforagriculturesectorincentralregionofthailand-241124214515-e0efa8db-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖 犖犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖伍牽犖朽犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 /slideshow/pdf-e0e3/273471186 random-241120151133-db3f6a20
犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖 犖犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖伍牽犖 犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖∇犖迦犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖∇犖迦犖犖項犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖園犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖÷牽犖迦権犢犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖о検犖犖園犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖萎肩犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖朽犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖÷鹸犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract The economic and industrial development of the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi Province, plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth at both the local and national levels, particularly through its connection with Myanmar, a neighboring country with shared economic and trade relations. This special economic zone was established to stimulate investment and development in an area with high potential due to trade links with Myanmar. Development in areas such as trade, investment, infrastructure, and industrial promotion has led to job creation, increased income, and improved living standards for local populations, as well as enhancing economic cooperation between Thailand and Myanmar. This paper explores the strategies for economic and industrial development in the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri linked with Myanmar, evaluates the economic and social impacts, and proposes future development strategies for sustainable growth.]]>
犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖 犖犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖伍牽犖 犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖∇犖迦犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖∇犖迦犖犖項犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖園犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖÷牽犖迦権犢犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖о検犖犖園犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖萎肩犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖朽犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖÷鹸犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract The economic and industrial development of the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi Province, plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth at both the local and national levels, particularly through its connection with Myanmar, a neighboring country with shared economic and trade relations. This special economic zone was established to stimulate investment and development in an area with high potential due to trade links with Myanmar. Development in areas such as trade, investment, infrastructure, and industrial promotion has led to job creation, increased income, and improved living standards for local populations, as well as enhancing economic cooperation between Thailand and Myanmar. This paper explores the strategies for economic and industrial development in the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri linked with Myanmar, evaluates the economic and social impacts, and proposes future development strategies for sustainable growth.]]> Wed, 20 Nov 2024 15:11:33 GMT /slideshow/pdf-e0e3/273471186 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖 犖犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖伍牽犖朽犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 choenkrainara 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖 犖犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖伍牽犖 犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖∇犖迦犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖∇犖迦犖犖項犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖園犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖÷牽犖迦権犢犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖о検犖犖園犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖萎肩犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖朽犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖÷鹸犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract The economic and industrial development of the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi Province, plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth at both the local and national levels, particularly through its connection with Myanmar, a neighboring country with shared economic and trade relations. This special economic zone was established to stimulate investment and development in an area with high potential due to trade links with Myanmar. Development in areas such as trade, investment, infrastructure, and industrial promotion has led to job creation, increased income, and improved living standards for local populations, as well as enhancing economic cooperation between Thailand and Myanmar. This paper explores the strategies for economic and industrial development in the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri linked with Myanmar, evaluates the economic and social impacts, and proposes future development strategies for sustainable growth. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/random-241120151133-db3f6a20-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖 犖犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖伍牽犖 犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖萎犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖∇犖迦犖∇鹸犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖∇犖迦犖犖項犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖園犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犖÷牽犖迦権犢犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖朽硯犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖о検犖犖園犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖萎肩犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖朽犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖÷鹸犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract The economic and industrial development of the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi Province, plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth at both the local and national levels, particularly through its connection with Myanmar, a neighboring country with shared economic and trade relations. This special economic zone was established to stimulate investment and development in an area with high potential due to trade links with Myanmar. Development in areas such as trade, investment, infrastructure, and industrial promotion has led to job creation, increased income, and improved living standards for local populations, as well as enhancing economic cooperation between Thailand and Myanmar. This paper explores the strategies for economic and industrial development in the Special Border Economic Zone in Sangkhla Buri linked with Myanmar, evaluates the economic and social impacts, and proposes future development strategies for sustainable growth.
犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖巌犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖ム鍵犖犖伍牽犖 犖犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖伍牽犖朽犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 19 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/random-241120151133-db3f6a20-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Thailand's Regional Development and Regional Economic Cooperation (犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖) /slideshow/thailand-s-regional-development-and-regional-economic-cooperation/273442277 thailandsregionaldevelopmentandregionaleconomiccooperation-241119183807-e0c06db1
Thailand has long been at the center of Southeast Asia's economic development, with regional cooperation playing a pivotal role in shaping its growth trajectory. As a member of various regional organizations, such as ASEAN, Thailand has fostered deeper economic ties with its neighbors, facilitating trade, investment, and infrastructure development. This paper examines Thailand's regional development strategies and its contributions to regional economic cooperation, focusing on the initiatives designed to enhance connectivity, promote sustainable growth, and address common challenges such as inequality and environmental sustainability. By analyzing Thailand's policies and its participation in regional agreements, this study highlights the countrys role as both a beneficiary and a key contributor to regional integration efforts, positioning Thailand as a vital player in the economic stability and prosperity of Southeast Asia. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢犖÷顕犢犖犖∇犖ム賢犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖巌絹犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖犖迦犖萎肩犖÷顕犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖∇犖迦犖ム原犖犖犖謹犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢 犖犖朽犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇ 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖迦権犖犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖ム厳犢犖犖÷献犢犖橿犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犖犢犖迦犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犢犖∇犖迦権犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇顕犖÷犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖ム犖犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷検犖園犖犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢]]>
Thailand has long been at the center of Southeast Asia's economic development, with regional cooperation playing a pivotal role in shaping its growth trajectory. As a member of various regional organizations, such as ASEAN, Thailand has fostered deeper economic ties with its neighbors, facilitating trade, investment, and infrastructure development. This paper examines Thailand's regional development strategies and its contributions to regional economic cooperation, focusing on the initiatives designed to enhance connectivity, promote sustainable growth, and address common challenges such as inequality and environmental sustainability. By analyzing Thailand's policies and its participation in regional agreements, this study highlights the countrys role as both a beneficiary and a key contributor to regional integration efforts, positioning Thailand as a vital player in the economic stability and prosperity of Southeast Asia. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢犖÷顕犢犖犖∇犖ム賢犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖巌絹犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖犖迦犖萎肩犖÷顕犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖∇犖迦犖ム原犖犖犖謹犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢 犖犖朽犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇ 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖迦権犖犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖ム厳犢犖犖÷献犢犖橿犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犖犢犖迦犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犢犖∇犖迦権犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇顕犖÷犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖ム犖犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷検犖園犖犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢]]> Tue, 19 Nov 2024 18:38:07 GMT /slideshow/thailand-s-regional-development-and-regional-economic-cooperation/273442277 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Thailand's Regional Development and Regional Economic Cooperation (犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖) choenkrainara Thailand has long been at the center of Southeast Asia's economic development, with regional cooperation playing a pivotal role in shaping its growth trajectory. As a member of various regional organizations, such as ASEAN, Thailand has fostered deeper economic ties with its neighbors, facilitating trade, investment, and infrastructure development. This paper examines Thailand's regional development strategies and its contributions to regional economic cooperation, focusing on the initiatives designed to enhance connectivity, promote sustainable growth, and address common challenges such as inequality and environmental sustainability. By analyzing Thailand's policies and its participation in regional agreements, this study highlights the countrys role as both a beneficiary and a key contributor to regional integration efforts, positioning Thailand as a vital player in the economic stability and prosperity of Southeast Asia. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢犖÷顕犢犖犖∇犖ム賢犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖巌絹犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖犖迦犖萎肩犖÷顕犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖∇犖迦犖ム原犖犖犖謹犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢 犖犖朽犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇ 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖迦権犖犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖ム厳犢犖犖÷献犢犖橿犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犖犢犖迦犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犢犖∇犖迦権犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇顕犖÷犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖ム犖犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷検犖園犖犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thailandsregionaldevelopmentandregionaleconomiccooperation-241119183807-e0c06db1-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Thailand has long been at the center of Southeast Asia&#39;s economic development, with regional cooperation playing a pivotal role in shaping its growth trajectory. As a member of various regional organizations, such as ASEAN, Thailand has fostered deeper economic ties with its neighbors, facilitating trade, investment, and infrastructure development. This paper examines Thailand&#39;s regional development strategies and its contributions to regional economic cooperation, focusing on the initiatives designed to enhance connectivity, promote sustainable growth, and address common challenges such as inequality and environmental sustainability. By analyzing Thailand&#39;s policies and its participation in regional agreements, this study highlights the countrys role as both a beneficiary and a key contributor to regional integration efforts, positioning Thailand as a vital player in the economic stability and prosperity of Southeast Asia. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢犖÷顕犢犖犖∇犖ム賢犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖巌絹犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖犖犖迦犖萎肩犖÷顕犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犢犖迦犢 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖 犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖∇犖迦犖ム原犖犖犖謹犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖ム権犖伍犖犢犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢 犖犖朽犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇ 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖迦犖迦権犖犢犖о検犖犖園 犢犖犢犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖ム厳犢犖犖÷献犢犖橿犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷権犖園犖犖∇厳犖犖犢犖迦犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犢犖∇犖迦権犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖迦牽犢犖о検犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇顕犖÷犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犢犖ム犖犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷検犖園犖犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖朽権犖犖萎硯犖園犖犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖犢犖犢
Thailand's Regional Development and Regional Economic Cooperation (犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 57 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thailandsregionaldevelopmentandregionaleconomiccooperation-241119183807-e0c06db1-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎権犖伍犖犢犢犖犢犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖÷幻犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検 (犖犢犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌) (Applying of Indicators to Improve the Development Planning of Samut Songkhram Province: Economic Aspect) /slideshow/applying-of-indicators-to-improve-the-development-planning-of-samut-songkhram-province-economic-aspect/273364743 random-241116222510-98d1e518
犖犖迦権犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖÷幻犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖萎権犖 4 犖犖 (犖.犖. 2557-2560) 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム厳犖犖犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖о顕犖犢犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖巌犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦肩犖犖犖犖ム犖犖犖犖園犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖-犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園 犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦権犢犖橿犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犢犖о犢犖犖朽権 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖犢犖о権犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犢犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖о険犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract This study presents recommendations for utilizing development indicators in formulating the four-year development plan (2014-2017) for Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The focus is on identifying key indicators that can effectively guide the planning process, enhance strategic decision-making, and ensure alignment with sustainable development goals. The recommendations are derived from an analysis of regional needs, development trends, and key socio-economic factors. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating local context, stakeholder engagement, and data-driven decision-making in creating a development plan that is both actionable and impactful for the province's future growth and prosperity.]]>
犖犖迦権犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖÷幻犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖萎権犖 4 犖犖 (犖.犖. 2557-2560) 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム厳犖犖犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖о顕犖犢犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖巌犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦肩犖犖犖犖ム犖犖犖犖園犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖-犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園 犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦権犢犖橿犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犢犖о犢犖犖朽権 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖犢犖о権犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犢犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖о険犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract This study presents recommendations for utilizing development indicators in formulating the four-year development plan (2014-2017) for Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The focus is on identifying key indicators that can effectively guide the planning process, enhance strategic decision-making, and ensure alignment with sustainable development goals. The recommendations are derived from an analysis of regional needs, development trends, and key socio-economic factors. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating local context, stakeholder engagement, and data-driven decision-making in creating a development plan that is both actionable and impactful for the province's future growth and prosperity.]]> Sat, 16 Nov 2024 22:25:10 GMT /slideshow/applying-of-indicators-to-improve-the-development-planning-of-samut-songkhram-province-economic-aspect/273364743 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎権犖伍犖犢犢犖犢犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖÷幻犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検 (犖犢犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌) (Applying of Indicators to Improve the Development Planning of Samut Songkhram Province: Economic Aspect) choenkrainara 犖犖迦権犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖÷幻犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖萎権犖 4 犖犖 (犖.犖. 2557-2560) 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム厳犖犖犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖о顕犖犢犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖巌犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦肩犖犖犖犖ム犖犖犖犖園犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖-犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園 犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦権犢犖橿犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犢犖о犢犖犖朽権 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖犢犖о権犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犢犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖о険犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract This study presents recommendations for utilizing development indicators in formulating the four-year development plan (2014-2017) for Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The focus is on identifying key indicators that can effectively guide the planning process, enhance strategic decision-making, and ensure alignment with sustainable development goals. The recommendations are derived from an analysis of regional needs, development trends, and key socio-economic factors. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating local context, stakeholder engagement, and data-driven decision-making in creating a development plan that is both actionable and impactful for the province's future growth and prosperity. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/random-241116222510-98d1e518-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖迦権犖犖迦犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖÷幻犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検犖犖萎権犖 4 犖犖 (犖.犖. 2557-2560) 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖ム厳犖犖犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖橿検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖о顕犖犢犖犖犢犖犢犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖巌犖犖ム権犖伍犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦肩犖犖犖犖ム犖犖犖犖園犢犖犢犖迦見犖÷顕犖∇犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犢犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖-犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犖犖橿犖園 犖犖ム犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦権犢犖橿犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖項犖÷元犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犢犖о犢犖犖朽権 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖巌犢犖犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖犢犖о権犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム検犖迦犖犢犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犢犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犢犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖о険犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犖 Abstract This study presents recommendations for utilizing development indicators in formulating the four-year development plan (2014-2017) for Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The focus is on identifying key indicators that can effectively guide the planning process, enhance strategic decision-making, and ensure alignment with sustainable development goals. The recommendations are derived from an analysis of regional needs, development trends, and key socio-economic factors. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating local context, stakeholder engagement, and data-driven decision-making in creating a development plan that is both actionable and impactful for the province&#39;s future growth and prosperity.
犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎権犖伍犖犢犢犖犢犖犖園硯犖犖朽犖о険犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖橿犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖園犖犖о険犖犖犖÷幻犖犖犖犖犖犖犖迦検 (犖犢犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌) (Applying of Indicators to Improve the Development Planning of Samut Songkhram Province: Economic Aspect) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 13 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/random-241116222510-98d1e518-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖 (Recent Innovations for Managing and Utilization of Urban Waste) /slideshow/recent-innovations-for-managing-and-utilization-of-urban-waste/273348520 recentinnovationsformanagingandutilizationofurbanwaste-241116033714-7b825377
犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇幻犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇犖園硯犖犖犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷肩犖項犖犖謹犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖犖÷犢 犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖謹犢犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖橿犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖∇鍵犖÷顕犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犖∇険犖犖犢犖о権犖ム犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷検犖項献犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖園犖犖犖巌権犖 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖朽硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖∇肩犖ム顕犖∇犖∇鍵 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖迦硯犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖∇顕犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 Abstract Innovations in urban waste management and the utilization of community waste play a crucial role in sustainable urban development. As urbanization and population growth lead to increased waste generation, the advancement of new technologies for waste reduction and efficient waste sorting is essential. Additionally, the utilization of wastesuch as recycling or generating energy from wastehelps mitigate environmental impacts and adds economic value to communities. Innovations in waste management, such as smart waste management systems, the use of biotechnology for waste decomposition, and the development of community-based recycling programs, represent significant steps toward addressing urban waste challenges and promoting efficient resource use.]]>
犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇幻犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇犖園硯犖犖犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷肩犖項犖犖謹犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖犖÷犢 犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖謹犢犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖橿犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖∇鍵犖÷顕犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犖∇険犖犖犢犖о権犖ム犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷検犖項献犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖園犖犖犖巌権犖 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖朽硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖∇肩犖ム顕犖∇犖∇鍵 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖迦硯犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖∇顕犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 Abstract Innovations in urban waste management and the utilization of community waste play a crucial role in sustainable urban development. As urbanization and population growth lead to increased waste generation, the advancement of new technologies for waste reduction and efficient waste sorting is essential. Additionally, the utilization of wastesuch as recycling or generating energy from wastehelps mitigate environmental impacts and adds economic value to communities. Innovations in waste management, such as smart waste management systems, the use of biotechnology for waste decomposition, and the development of community-based recycling programs, represent significant steps toward addressing urban waste challenges and promoting efficient resource use.]]> Sat, 16 Nov 2024 03:37:14 GMT /slideshow/recent-innovations-for-managing-and-utilization-of-urban-waste/273348520 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖 (Recent Innovations for Managing and Utilization of Urban Waste) choenkrainara 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇幻犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇犖園硯犖犖犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷肩犖項犖犖謹犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖犖÷犢 犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖謹犢犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖橿犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖∇鍵犖÷顕犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犖∇険犖犖犢犖о権犖ム犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷検犖項献犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖園犖犖犖巌権犖 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖朽硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖∇肩犖ム顕犖∇犖∇鍵 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖迦硯犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖∇顕犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 Abstract Innovations in urban waste management and the utilization of community waste play a crucial role in sustainable urban development. As urbanization and population growth lead to increased waste generation, the advancement of new technologies for waste reduction and efficient waste sorting is essential. Additionally, the utilization of wastesuch as recycling or generating energy from wastehelps mitigate environmental impacts and adds economic value to communities. Innovations in waste management, such as smart waste management systems, the use of biotechnology for waste decomposition, and the development of community-based recycling programs, represent significant steps toward addressing urban waste challenges and promoting efficient resource use. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/recentinnovationsformanagingandutilizationofurbanwaste-241116033714-7b825377-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖÷厳犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇幻犖犖犖朽犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖∇顕犖∇犖園硯犖犖犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷肩犖項犖犖謹犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖犖÷犢 犖犖橿見犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖∇鍵犖犖謹犢犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖橿犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犢犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖∇鍵犖÷顕犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵 犖∇険犖犖犢犖о権犖ム犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖÷犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷検犖項献犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖 犖犖萎犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖園犖犖犖巌権犖 犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖朽硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖∇犖犖∇肩犖ム顕犖∇犖∇鍵 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖伍検犖犖 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖迦硯犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖園犖犖迦犖∇鍵犢犖犢犖÷厳犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖∇顕犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 Abstract Innovations in urban waste management and the utilization of community waste play a crucial role in sustainable urban development. As urbanization and population growth lead to increased waste generation, the advancement of new technologies for waste reduction and efficient waste sorting is essential. Additionally, the utilization of wastesuch as recycling or generating energy from wastehelps mitigate environmental impacts and adds economic value to communities. Innovations in waste management, such as smart waste management systems, the use of biotechnology for waste decomposition, and the development of community-based recycling programs, represent significant steps toward addressing urban waste challenges and promoting efficient resource use.
犖犖о険犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖÷弦犖ム犖犖∇犖伍検犖犖 (Recent Innovations for Managing and Utilization of Urban Waste) from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 28 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/recentinnovationsformanagingandutilizationofurbanwaste-241116033714-7b825377-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chapter 15: Local and Regional Cross-Border Shopping in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar /slideshow/chapter-15-local-and-regional-cross-border-shopping-in-3-cross-border-regions-between-thailand-and-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273338236 chapter15localandregionalcrossbordershoppingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241115152324-dcbaf74e
This chapter examines the growing trend of cross-border shopping between Thailand and its neighboring countries, which is driven by structural differences in pricing, product variety, and the high-quality standards of Thai goods. The rising frequency of cross-border shopping is intricately linked to cross-border tourism, where people from both sides of the border engage in shopping activities to take advantage of price differentials and unique product offerings. The chapter explores the demographic profiles, shopping behaviors, and purchasing patterns of cross-border shoppers in various Thai border districts and neighboring regions such as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. It also delves into the economic impact of these activities, highlighting how local and regional economies benefit from cross-border shopping. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of local SMEs and border traders in sustaining the growth of cross-border retail and wholesaling 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖 犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖項犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖∇犖迦犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖園硯 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犖犖む犖巌犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖犖項犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦犢犖犖朽権犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖 犖犖伍犖犢犖迦権犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖項犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖∇犖犖 (SMEs) 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦肩犢犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖]]>
This chapter examines the growing trend of cross-border shopping between Thailand and its neighboring countries, which is driven by structural differences in pricing, product variety, and the high-quality standards of Thai goods. The rising frequency of cross-border shopping is intricately linked to cross-border tourism, where people from both sides of the border engage in shopping activities to take advantage of price differentials and unique product offerings. The chapter explores the demographic profiles, shopping behaviors, and purchasing patterns of cross-border shoppers in various Thai border districts and neighboring regions such as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. It also delves into the economic impact of these activities, highlighting how local and regional economies benefit from cross-border shopping. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of local SMEs and border traders in sustaining the growth of cross-border retail and wholesaling 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖 犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖項犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖∇犖迦犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖園硯 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犖犖む犖巌犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖犖項犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦犢犖犖朽権犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖 犖犖伍犖犢犖迦権犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖項犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖∇犖犖 (SMEs) 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦肩犢犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖]]> Fri, 15 Nov 2024 15:23:24 GMT /slideshow/chapter-15-local-and-regional-cross-border-shopping-in-3-cross-border-regions-between-thailand-and-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273338236 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Chapter 15: Local and Regional Cross-Border Shopping in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar choenkrainara This chapter examines the growing trend of cross-border shopping between Thailand and its neighboring countries, which is driven by structural differences in pricing, product variety, and the high-quality standards of Thai goods. The rising frequency of cross-border shopping is intricately linked to cross-border tourism, where people from both sides of the border engage in shopping activities to take advantage of price differentials and unique product offerings. The chapter explores the demographic profiles, shopping behaviors, and purchasing patterns of cross-border shoppers in various Thai border districts and neighboring regions such as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. It also delves into the economic impact of these activities, highlighting how local and regional economies benefit from cross-border shopping. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of local SMEs and border traders in sustaining the growth of cross-border retail and wholesaling 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖 犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖項犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖∇犖迦犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖園硯 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犖犖む犖巌犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖犖項犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦犢犖犖朽権犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖 犖犖伍犖犢犖迦権犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖項犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖∇犖犖 (SMEs) 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦肩犢犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter15localandregionalcrossbordershoppingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241115152324-dcbaf74e-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> This chapter examines the growing trend of cross-border shopping between Thailand and its neighboring countries, which is driven by structural differences in pricing, product variety, and the high-quality standards of Thai goods. The rising frequency of cross-border shopping is intricately linked to cross-border tourism, where people from both sides of the border engage in shopping activities to take advantage of price differentials and unique product offerings. The chapter explores the demographic profiles, shopping behaviors, and purchasing patterns of cross-border shoppers in various Thai border districts and neighboring regions such as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. It also delves into the economic impact of these activities, highlighting how local and regional economies benefit from cross-border shopping. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of local SMEs and border traders in sustaining the growth of cross-border retail and wholesaling 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖犢犖÷犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犖犖謹犖犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖 犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖項犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犖謹犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖∇犖迦犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖項犖犖犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖園硯 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖犖犖萎犖迦犖 犖犖む犖巌犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖犖犖犖項犖犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦犢犖犖朽権犖 犢犖犢犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖 犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖犢犖犖о犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖∇犖迦犢犖 犖犖伍犖犢犖迦権犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖項犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犖犖ム顕犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖∇犖犖 (SMEs) 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖迦肩犢犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖
Chapter 15: Local and Regional Cross-Border Shopping in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 47 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter15localandregionalcrossbordershoppingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241115152324-dcbaf74e-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chapter 14: Local Border Retailing in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR /slideshow/chapter-14-local-border-retailing-in-3-cross-border-regions-between-thailand-and-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr/273336138 chapter14borderretailingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241115133014-50cd79d7
This chapter examines the dynamics of border retailing across 3 cross-border regions between Thailand and Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, focusing on the characteristics and operational differences of businesses in these cross-border regions. It highlights the diversity in business formalization, operational duration, and market structures, as well as the role of cross-border supply chains in shaping retail practices. The chapter also explores the labor dynamics in border areas, including the use of immigrant labor and wage disparities across regions. By examining these factors, this chapter provides insights into the broader economic and social patterns that influence cross-border retail operations. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖項犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犖迦検犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖 3 犢犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖ム顕犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犖犖萎権犖萎犖о献犖迦犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖伍牽犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖 犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖園犖犖園権犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖犖巌犖ム原犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖項犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖巌犖犖巌犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖]]>
This chapter examines the dynamics of border retailing across 3 cross-border regions between Thailand and Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, focusing on the characteristics and operational differences of businesses in these cross-border regions. It highlights the diversity in business formalization, operational duration, and market structures, as well as the role of cross-border supply chains in shaping retail practices. The chapter also explores the labor dynamics in border areas, including the use of immigrant labor and wage disparities across regions. By examining these factors, this chapter provides insights into the broader economic and social patterns that influence cross-border retail operations. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖項犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犖迦検犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖 3 犢犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖ム顕犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犖犖萎権犖萎犖о献犖迦犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖伍牽犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖 犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖園犖犖園権犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖犖巌犖ム原犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖項犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖巌犖犖巌犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖]]> Fri, 15 Nov 2024 13:30:14 GMT /slideshow/chapter-14-local-border-retailing-in-3-cross-border-regions-between-thailand-and-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr/273336138 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Chapter 14: Local Border Retailing in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR choenkrainara This chapter examines the dynamics of border retailing across 3 cross-border regions between Thailand and Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, focusing on the characteristics and operational differences of businesses in these cross-border regions. It highlights the diversity in business formalization, operational duration, and market structures, as well as the role of cross-border supply chains in shaping retail practices. The chapter also explores the labor dynamics in border areas, including the use of immigrant labor and wage disparities across regions. By examining these factors, this chapter provides insights into the broader economic and social patterns that influence cross-border retail operations. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖項犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犖迦検犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖 3 犢犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖ム顕犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犖犖萎権犖萎犖о献犖迦犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖伍牽犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖 犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖園犖犖園権犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖犖巌犖ム原犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖項犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖巌犖犖巌犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter14borderretailingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241115133014-50cd79d7-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> This chapter examines the dynamics of border retailing across 3 cross-border regions between Thailand and Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, focusing on the characteristics and operational differences of businesses in these cross-border regions. It highlights the diversity in business formalization, operational duration, and market structures, as well as the role of cross-border supply chains in shaping retail practices. The chapter also explores the labor dynamics in border areas, including the use of immigrant labor and wage disparities across regions. By examining these factors, this chapter provides insights into the broader economic and social patterns that influence cross-border retail operations. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖項犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犖迦検犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖 3 犢犖犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖園犖ム顕犖 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖犖萎犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷見犖ム顕犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖伍牽犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犖犖萎権犖萎犖о献犖迦犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖伍牽犖犖巌 犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖о犢犖犢犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖 犖犖犖犖朽犖∇険犖犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖ム硯犖園犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖園犖犖園権犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖÷弦犖ム犖犖巌犖ム原犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖項犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖巌犖犖巌犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム元犖犖犢犖迦検犢犖犖
Chapter 14: Local Border Retailing in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 52 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter14borderretailingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241115133014-50cd79d7-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chapter 13: Local Border Wholesaling in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar /slideshow/chapter-13-local-border-wholesaling-in-3-cross-border-regions-between-thailand-and-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273317207 chapter13localborderwholesalingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241114230626-2b88db08
This Chapter delves into the phenomenon of local border wholesaling, with a focus on the three cross-border regions between Thailand and its neighboring countriesCambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), and Myanmar. Local border wholesaling refers to the trade and distribution activities that take place at or near national borders, often involving the bulk movement of goods to local markets on either side of the border. This practice plays a crucial role in shaping regional economic dynamics and facilitating trade in these areas, which are often characterized by distinct socio-economic and cultural characteristics. The Chapter begins by presenting an overview of local border wholesaling, followed by a detailed examination of its unique characteristics and operational models in each of the three border regions. These include the flow of goods, the involvement of informal networks, and the impact of cross-border trade policies and regulations. Special attention is given to the role of local traders, the supply chains they create, and the socio-economic conditions that influence this informal yet significant economic activity. By exploring these cross-border trade practices, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local border wholesaling functions in each cross-border region and its broader implications for economic development, regional integration, and the livelihoods of those involved in these border economies. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖犖迦犖蹩犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌牽犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖迦犖巌犢犖犖∇犖犖萎犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 (犖犖犖.犖ム顕犖) 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖謹犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖朽犖犖犖劇賢犢犖犖ム犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖橿犖о犖÷顕犖犢犖犖∇険犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖ム絹犖迦肩犖犖犢犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犖÷元犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖園犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖о険犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犢犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦検 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犖о元犖∇犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖迦権犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖萎犖犖朽権犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖朽犖犖о犢犖犖迦肩犖犢犖迦犖犖謹犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖迦犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖ム幻犖÷犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖о犖迦犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌 犖犖迦牽犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犖犖∇弦犢犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽]]>
This Chapter delves into the phenomenon of local border wholesaling, with a focus on the three cross-border regions between Thailand and its neighboring countriesCambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), and Myanmar. Local border wholesaling refers to the trade and distribution activities that take place at or near national borders, often involving the bulk movement of goods to local markets on either side of the border. This practice plays a crucial role in shaping regional economic dynamics and facilitating trade in these areas, which are often characterized by distinct socio-economic and cultural characteristics. The Chapter begins by presenting an overview of local border wholesaling, followed by a detailed examination of its unique characteristics and operational models in each of the three border regions. These include the flow of goods, the involvement of informal networks, and the impact of cross-border trade policies and regulations. Special attention is given to the role of local traders, the supply chains they create, and the socio-economic conditions that influence this informal yet significant economic activity. By exploring these cross-border trade practices, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local border wholesaling functions in each cross-border region and its broader implications for economic development, regional integration, and the livelihoods of those involved in these border economies. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖犖迦犖蹩犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌牽犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖迦犖巌犢犖犖∇犖犖萎犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 (犖犖犖.犖ム顕犖) 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖謹犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖朽犖犖犖劇賢犢犖犖ム犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖橿犖о犖÷顕犖犢犖犖∇険犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖ム絹犖迦肩犖犖犢犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犖÷元犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖園犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖о険犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犢犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦検 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犖о元犖∇犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖迦権犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖萎犖犖朽権犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖朽犖犖о犢犖犖迦肩犖犢犖迦犖犖謹犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖迦犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖ム幻犖÷犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖о犖迦犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌 犖犖迦牽犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犖犖∇弦犢犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽]]> Thu, 14 Nov 2024 23:06:25 GMT /slideshow/chapter-13-local-border-wholesaling-in-3-cross-border-regions-between-thailand-and-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273317207 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Chapter 13: Local Border Wholesaling in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar choenkrainara This Chapter delves into the phenomenon of local border wholesaling, with a focus on the three cross-border regions between Thailand and its neighboring countriesCambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), and Myanmar. Local border wholesaling refers to the trade and distribution activities that take place at or near national borders, often involving the bulk movement of goods to local markets on either side of the border. This practice plays a crucial role in shaping regional economic dynamics and facilitating trade in these areas, which are often characterized by distinct socio-economic and cultural characteristics. The Chapter begins by presenting an overview of local border wholesaling, followed by a detailed examination of its unique characteristics and operational models in each of the three border regions. These include the flow of goods, the involvement of informal networks, and the impact of cross-border trade policies and regulations. Special attention is given to the role of local traders, the supply chains they create, and the socio-economic conditions that influence this informal yet significant economic activity. By exploring these cross-border trade practices, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local border wholesaling functions in each cross-border region and its broader implications for economic development, regional integration, and the livelihoods of those involved in these border economies. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖犖迦犖蹩犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌牽犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖迦犖巌犢犖犖∇犖犖萎犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 (犖犖犖.犖ム顕犖) 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖謹犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖朽犖犖犖劇賢犢犖犖ム犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖橿犖о犖÷顕犖犢犖犖∇険犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖ム絹犖迦肩犖犖犢犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犖÷元犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖園犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖о険犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犢犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦検 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犖о元犖∇犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖迦権犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖萎犖犖朽権犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖朽犖犖о犢犖犖迦肩犖犢犖迦犖犖謹犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖迦犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖ム幻犖÷犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖о犖迦犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌 犖犖迦牽犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犖犖∇弦犢犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter13localborderwholesalingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241114230626-2b88db08-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> This Chapter delves into the phenomenon of local border wholesaling, with a focus on the three cross-border regions between Thailand and its neighboring countriesCambodia, Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic (PDR), and Myanmar. Local border wholesaling refers to the trade and distribution activities that take place at or near national borders, often involving the bulk movement of goods to local markets on either side of the border. This practice plays a crucial role in shaping regional economic dynamics and facilitating trade in these areas, which are often characterized by distinct socio-economic and cultural characteristics. The Chapter begins by presenting an overview of local border wholesaling, followed by a detailed examination of its unique characteristics and operational models in each of the three border regions. These include the flow of goods, the involvement of informal networks, and the impact of cross-border trade policies and regulations. Special attention is given to the role of local traders, the supply chains they create, and the socio-economic conditions that influence this informal yet significant economic activity. By exploring these cross-border trade practices, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local border wholesaling functions in each cross-border region and its broader implications for economic development, regional integration, and the livelihoods of those involved in these border economies. 犖犖犖犖朽犖犖橿牽犖о犖犖犖迦犖蹩犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犢犖犖∇検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犖犖迦検犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖迦犖巌牽犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖迦犖巌犢犖犖∇犖犖萎犖迦犖犖ム顕犖 (犖犖犖.犖ム顕犖) 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖謹犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犖犖朽犖犖犖劇賢犢犖犖ム犖犖園犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖橿犖о犖÷顕犖犢犖犖∇険犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖蹩巌犖園犖巌犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖犖迦犖犖橿犖園犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿見犖犖犖犖ム絹犖迦肩犖犖犢犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖迦権犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖謹犖犖÷険犖犖÷元犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖園犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖о険犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖÷犢犖犖犢犖о権犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖о検犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖迦犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖÷元犖犖迦牽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖犖萎犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖ム鍵犖犖項犢犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖園犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖迦検 犖犖謹犖犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム犖о元犖∇犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犢犖犖犖劇賢犖犢犖迦権犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽 犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖迦犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖犖萎犖犖朽権犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖 犢犖犖∇犖萎犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖園犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犖犖犖朽犖犖о犢犖犖迦肩犖犢犖迦犖犖謹犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖園犖犖÷犖朽犖÷元犖犖ム犢犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖÷犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷肩犖橿犖園犖犖朽 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿牽犖о犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽 犖犖犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖伍犖犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犢犖犢犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖迦犖犖犖∇犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖ム幻犖÷犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦権犖犢犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖朽犖犖о犖迦犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌 犖犖迦牽犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖犖犖∇弦犢犖犖犖犖犖項犖犖朽犢犖犖朽犖∇硯犖犢犖犖犖犖園犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖ム犖迦犖朽
Chapter 13: Local Border Wholesaling in 3 Cross-Border Regions Between Thailand and Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 43 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter13localborderwholesalingin3cross-borderregionsbetwthailandandborderingcountries-241114230626-2b88db08-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖迦硯犖犖犢犖迦犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 犖犖犖劇賢 Deposit Return System (DRS) 犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 /slideshow/deposit-return-system-drs/273315459 progressoftheimplementationofthedepositreturnsystemdrsprojectinbangkokmetropolis-241114205107-6ac91c65
犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 (Deposit Return System 犖犖犖劇賢 DRS) 犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖犖巌犖÷犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2563 犢犖犖∇検犖朽硯犖園犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖ム険犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 Reverse Vending Machines (RVM) 犢犖犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犢犖犖÷硯犖ム犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎肩犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖ム犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖о 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦見犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖∇顕犖∇犖ム犖犢犢犖犢犖÷犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖橿犖о犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 RVM 犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖÷犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犢犖犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖犖萎権犖萎権犖迦硯 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽 犖犖萎犖ム犖迦硯犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖迦硯犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽 DRS 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇検犖園犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽権犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 The Deposit Return System (DRS) project in Bangkok has been operational since 2020, with the main objective of promoting plastic waste recycling and reducing plastic waste in the environment. The project has received cooperation from both the government and private sectors in the installation of Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) in certain areas, such as shopping malls and public transport stations. Although the project has succeeded in reducing plastic waste and encouraging public participation in recycling to some extent, several challenges have hindered its full expansion. These include the insufficient number of RVMs, a lack of effective public awareness campaigns, and limitations in technology and infrastructure. The absence of clear legal support measures is also a significant factor affecting the long-term development of the project. This article discusses the progress of the DRS project, the operations of the private sector, as well as the issues and constraints encountered. It also proposes the introduction of legislation that can support recycling and enhance the efficiency of the project's implementation in a sustainable manner, particularly through the introduction of a deposit refund scheme for single-use beverage packaging, which could encourage greater public and business involvement in effective plastic waste management.]]>
犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 (Deposit Return System 犖犖犖劇賢 DRS) 犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖犖巌犖÷犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2563 犢犖犖∇検犖朽硯犖園犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖ム険犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 Reverse Vending Machines (RVM) 犢犖犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犢犖犖÷硯犖ム犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎肩犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖ム犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖о 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦見犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖∇顕犖∇犖ム犖犢犢犖犢犖÷犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖橿犖о犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 RVM 犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖÷犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犢犖犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖犖萎権犖萎権犖迦硯 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽 犖犖萎犖ム犖迦硯犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖迦硯犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽 DRS 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇検犖園犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽権犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 The Deposit Return System (DRS) project in Bangkok has been operational since 2020, with the main objective of promoting plastic waste recycling and reducing plastic waste in the environment. The project has received cooperation from both the government and private sectors in the installation of Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) in certain areas, such as shopping malls and public transport stations. Although the project has succeeded in reducing plastic waste and encouraging public participation in recycling to some extent, several challenges have hindered its full expansion. These include the insufficient number of RVMs, a lack of effective public awareness campaigns, and limitations in technology and infrastructure. The absence of clear legal support measures is also a significant factor affecting the long-term development of the project. This article discusses the progress of the DRS project, the operations of the private sector, as well as the issues and constraints encountered. It also proposes the introduction of legislation that can support recycling and enhance the efficiency of the project's implementation in a sustainable manner, particularly through the introduction of a deposit refund scheme for single-use beverage packaging, which could encourage greater public and business involvement in effective plastic waste management.]]> Thu, 14 Nov 2024 20:51:07 GMT /slideshow/deposit-return-system-drs/273315459 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) 犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖迦硯犖犖犢犖迦犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 犖犖犖劇賢 Deposit Return System (DRS) 犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 choenkrainara 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 (Deposit Return System 犖犖犖劇賢 DRS) 犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖犖巌犖÷犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2563 犢犖犖∇検犖朽硯犖園犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖ム険犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 Reverse Vending Machines (RVM) 犢犖犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犢犖犖÷硯犖ム犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎肩犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖ム犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖о 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦見犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖∇顕犖∇犖ム犖犢犢犖犢犖÷犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖橿犖о犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 RVM 犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖÷犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犢犖犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖犖萎権犖萎権犖迦硯 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽 犖犖萎犖ム犖迦硯犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖迦硯犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽 DRS 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇検犖園犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽権犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 The Deposit Return System (DRS) project in Bangkok has been operational since 2020, with the main objective of promoting plastic waste recycling and reducing plastic waste in the environment. The project has received cooperation from both the government and private sectors in the installation of Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) in certain areas, such as shopping malls and public transport stations. Although the project has succeeded in reducing plastic waste and encouraging public participation in recycling to some extent, several challenges have hindered its full expansion. These include the insufficient number of RVMs, a lack of effective public awareness campaigns, and limitations in technology and infrastructure. The absence of clear legal support measures is also a significant factor affecting the long-term development of the project. This article discusses the progress of the DRS project, the operations of the private sector, as well as the issues and constraints encountered. It also proposes the introduction of legislation that can support recycling and enhance the efficiency of the project's implementation in a sustainable manner, particularly through the introduction of a deposit refund scheme for single-use beverage packaging, which could encourage greater public and business involvement in effective plastic waste management. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/progressoftheimplementationofthedepositreturnsystemdrsprojectinbangkokmetropolis-241114205107-6ac91c65-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 (Deposit Return System 犖犖犖劇賢 DRS) 犢犖犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖犢犖犖巌犖÷犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犢犖犢犖犖 2563 犢犖犖∇検犖朽硯犖園犖犖伍犖犖萎肩犖犖犢犖犖ム険犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖ム犖犖犖巌検犖迦犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖犖犖巌犖犢犖о犖ム犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢犖о検犖÷厳犖犖犖迦犖犖迦犖犖園犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖巌犖犖園犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 Reverse Vending Machines (RVM) 犢犖犖犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖迦犖ム鍵犖犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犢犖犖÷硯犖ム犖 犢犖÷犖о犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎肩犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖ム犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖犢犖犖迦犖犢犖о 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖迦見犖ム顕犖∇犖犖萎犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖犢犢犖÷犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖∇顕犖∇犖ム犖犢犢犖犢犖÷犖朽 犢犖犢犖 犖犖橿犖о犢犖犖犖劇犖犖 RVM 犖犖朽犖∇険犖犢犖÷犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖萎犖迦肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犢犖犢犖ム権犖朽犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖÷顕犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖園犢犖犖犖∇険犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犖園権犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犢犖犖犖ム犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖犖萎権犖萎権犖迦硯 犢犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖朽 犖犖萎犖ム犖迦硯犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖迦硯犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽 DRS 犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖 犖犖о検犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖迦犖ム鍵犖犢犖犖犖橿犖園犖犖朽犖犖 犖犖犢犖犖÷犖園犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖о犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇犖朽犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犢犖犖巌献犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖巌犖÷犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖∇険犢犖犖∇厳犖 犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷顕犖∇検犖園犖犖橿犖劇犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖伍犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖犖劇犖÷犖犖犢犖犢犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖朽権犖 犖犖謹犖犖犖迦検犖迦牽犖犖犖犖萎犖伍犖犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犢犖о犖犢犖о検犖犖犖犖犖犖萎犖迦犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖伍牽犖犖巌犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖犖∇鍵犖犖ム顕犖犖犖巌犖犖∇犖迦犖÷元犖犖犖萎肩犖巌犖犖巌犖迦 The Deposit Return System (DRS) project in Bangkok has been operational since 2020, with the main objective of promoting plastic waste recycling and reducing plastic waste in the environment. The project has received cooperation from both the government and private sectors in the installation of Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) in certain areas, such as shopping malls and public transport stations. Although the project has succeeded in reducing plastic waste and encouraging public participation in recycling to some extent, several challenges have hindered its full expansion. These include the insufficient number of RVMs, a lack of effective public awareness campaigns, and limitations in technology and infrastructure. The absence of clear legal support measures is also a significant factor affecting the long-term development of the project. This article discusses the progress of the DRS project, the operations of the private sector, as well as the issues and constraints encountered. It also proposes the introduction of legislation that can support recycling and enhance the efficiency of the project&#39;s implementation in a sustainable manner, particularly through the introduction of a deposit refund scheme for single-use beverage packaging, which could encourage greater public and business involvement in effective plastic waste management.
犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖迦硯犖犖犢犖迦犖迦牽犖犖橿犖犖巌犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犖萎犖犢犖犢犖犖犖о犖犖劇犢犖犖巌 犖犖犖劇賢 Deposit Return System (DRS) 犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖犖伍犢犖犖犖÷見犖迦犖犖 from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 57 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/progressoftheimplementationofthedepositreturnsystemdrsprojectinbangkokmetropolis-241114205107-6ac91c65-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Dissertation: Border Economic Zones and Development Dynamics in Thailand: A Comparative Study of Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar /slideshow/dissertation-border-economic-zones-and-development-dynamics-in-thailand-a-comparative-study-of-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273301311 dissertationbordereconomiczonesanddevelopmentdynamicsinthailandacomparativestudyofborderingcountries-241114095658-735a1c58
Economic interdependence between Thailand and surrounding less developed countries has increasingly become much closer since the last few decades. Yet, considerable development gaps seem to be widening due to stark differences on stages of development causing persistently asymmetric relations. Since 2003, Thailand has planned to promote integrated development of border economic zones (BEZs) with bordering countries. However, it is little known on how Thailand could further advance such initiative. The aim of this study is to assess the locational advantages, economic and social linkages and development potential of 3 strategic cross-border regions along the GMS economic corridors linking Thailand with bordering countries. The study areas included (1) Aranyaprathet district in Sakaeo province connecting with OChrov district in Banteay Meanchey province of Cambodia; (2) Muang Mukdahan district in Mukdahan province linking with Kaysone Phomvihane district of Savannakhet province in Lao PDR; and (3) Maesod district in Tak province connecting with Myawaddy district in Kayin state of Myanmar. The study is primarily a quantitative research design supplemented by a qualitative research design. Secondary data sources were collected from various literatures and statistics. Primary data sources constituted 6 types of questionnaires, which were conducted during 2009 to 2012. Primary data collection methods included reconnaissance and questionnaire surveys, non-participant observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The study employed locational, trend and comparative cross-border analyses, as well as policy and SWOT analyses. The study found that development of BEZs in Thailand is intermittent and currently is moving forward. Fostered by both geographical adjacency of structural differences and the contributing factors, the pattern of local and regional cross-border trade, as well as cross-border transit trade have shown a rising trend. Macro cross-border trade with Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia and Myanmar during 2008-2013 has reached significant level sharing average of 30.77 % to intra-ASEAN trade. Similarly, the share of cross-border trade to Thailands aggregate international trade with the world significantly rose from 1.02 % in 1996 to 6.48 % in 2012 or equivalent to 7.67 % of Gross Domestic Product. Regarding comparative cross-border analyses, most of cross-border trader respondents across the regions are family based businesses and being mainly SMEs. Thai goods are widely accepted among bordering countries. However, cross-border traded goods are mainly produced in the core area of Bangkok metropolis and its vicinity such as eastern region. At present, Thai border cities mainly play distribution role. Concerning border wholesaling, most of respondents across the regions are family based businesses and belong to SMEs. There are 3 types of cross-border supply chains in the regions. ]]>
Economic interdependence between Thailand and surrounding less developed countries has increasingly become much closer since the last few decades. Yet, considerable development gaps seem to be widening due to stark differences on stages of development causing persistently asymmetric relations. Since 2003, Thailand has planned to promote integrated development of border economic zones (BEZs) with bordering countries. However, it is little known on how Thailand could further advance such initiative. The aim of this study is to assess the locational advantages, economic and social linkages and development potential of 3 strategic cross-border regions along the GMS economic corridors linking Thailand with bordering countries. The study areas included (1) Aranyaprathet district in Sakaeo province connecting with OChrov district in Banteay Meanchey province of Cambodia; (2) Muang Mukdahan district in Mukdahan province linking with Kaysone Phomvihane district of Savannakhet province in Lao PDR; and (3) Maesod district in Tak province connecting with Myawaddy district in Kayin state of Myanmar. The study is primarily a quantitative research design supplemented by a qualitative research design. Secondary data sources were collected from various literatures and statistics. Primary data sources constituted 6 types of questionnaires, which were conducted during 2009 to 2012. Primary data collection methods included reconnaissance and questionnaire surveys, non-participant observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The study employed locational, trend and comparative cross-border analyses, as well as policy and SWOT analyses. The study found that development of BEZs in Thailand is intermittent and currently is moving forward. Fostered by both geographical adjacency of structural differences and the contributing factors, the pattern of local and regional cross-border trade, as well as cross-border transit trade have shown a rising trend. Macro cross-border trade with Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia and Myanmar during 2008-2013 has reached significant level sharing average of 30.77 % to intra-ASEAN trade. Similarly, the share of cross-border trade to Thailands aggregate international trade with the world significantly rose from 1.02 % in 1996 to 6.48 % in 2012 or equivalent to 7.67 % of Gross Domestic Product. Regarding comparative cross-border analyses, most of cross-border trader respondents across the regions are family based businesses and being mainly SMEs. Thai goods are widely accepted among bordering countries. However, cross-border traded goods are mainly produced in the core area of Bangkok metropolis and its vicinity such as eastern region. At present, Thai border cities mainly play distribution role. Concerning border wholesaling, most of respondents across the regions are family based businesses and belong to SMEs. There are 3 types of cross-border supply chains in the regions. ]]> Thu, 14 Nov 2024 09:56:57 GMT /slideshow/dissertation-border-economic-zones-and-development-dynamics-in-thailand-a-comparative-study-of-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273301311 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Dissertation: Border Economic Zones and Development Dynamics in Thailand: A Comparative Study of Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar choenkrainara Economic interdependence between Thailand and surrounding less developed countries has increasingly become much closer since the last few decades. Yet, considerable development gaps seem to be widening due to stark differences on stages of development causing persistently asymmetric relations. Since 2003, Thailand has planned to promote integrated development of border economic zones (BEZs) with bordering countries. However, it is little known on how Thailand could further advance such initiative. The aim of this study is to assess the locational advantages, economic and social linkages and development potential of 3 strategic cross-border regions along the GMS economic corridors linking Thailand with bordering countries. The study areas included (1) Aranyaprathet district in Sakaeo province connecting with OChrov district in Banteay Meanchey province of Cambodia; (2) Muang Mukdahan district in Mukdahan province linking with Kaysone Phomvihane district of Savannakhet province in Lao PDR; and (3) Maesod district in Tak province connecting with Myawaddy district in Kayin state of Myanmar. The study is primarily a quantitative research design supplemented by a qualitative research design. Secondary data sources were collected from various literatures and statistics. Primary data sources constituted 6 types of questionnaires, which were conducted during 2009 to 2012. Primary data collection methods included reconnaissance and questionnaire surveys, non-participant observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The study employed locational, trend and comparative cross-border analyses, as well as policy and SWOT analyses. The study found that development of BEZs in Thailand is intermittent and currently is moving forward. Fostered by both geographical adjacency of structural differences and the contributing factors, the pattern of local and regional cross-border trade, as well as cross鐃-border transit trade have shown a rising trend. Macro cross-border trade with Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia and Myanmar during 2008-2013 has reached significant level sharing average of 30.77 % to intra-ASEAN trade. Similarly, the share of cross-border trade to Thailands aggregate international trade with the world significantly rose from 1.02 % in 1996 to 6.48 % in 2012 or equivalent to 7.67 % of Gross Domestic Product. Regarding comparative cross-鐃border analyses, most of cross-border trader respondents across the regions are family based businesses and being mainly SMEs. Thai goods are widely accepted among bordering countries. However, cross-border traded goods are mainly produced in the core area of Bangkok metropolis and its vicinity such as eastern region. At present, Thai border cities mainly play distribution role. Concerning border wholesaling, most of respondents across the regions are family based businesses and belong to SMEs. There are 3 types of cross-border supply chains in the regions. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/dissertationbordereconomiczonesanddevelopmentdynamicsinthailandacomparativestudyofborderingcountries-241114095658-735a1c58-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> Economic interdependence between Thailand and surrounding less developed countries has increasingly become much closer since the last few decades. Yet, considerable development gaps seem to be widening due to stark differences on stages of development causing persistently asymmetric relations. Since 2003, Thailand has planned to promote integrated development of border economic zones (BEZs) with bordering countries. However, it is little known on how Thailand could further advance such initiative. The aim of this study is to assess the locational advantages, economic and social linkages and development potential of 3 strategic cross-border regions along the GMS economic corridors linking Thailand with bordering countries. The study areas included (1) Aranyaprathet district in Sakaeo province connecting with OChrov district in Banteay Meanchey province of Cambodia; (2) Muang Mukdahan district in Mukdahan province linking with Kaysone Phomvihane district of Savannakhet province in Lao PDR; and (3) Maesod district in Tak province connecting with Myawaddy district in Kayin state of Myanmar. The study is primarily a quantitative research design supplemented by a qualitative research design. Secondary data sources were collected from various literatures and statistics. Primary data sources constituted 6 types of questionnaires, which were conducted during 2009 to 2012. Primary data collection methods included reconnaissance and questionnaire surveys, non-participant observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The study employed locational, trend and comparative cross-border analyses, as well as policy and SWOT analyses. The study found that development of BEZs in Thailand is intermittent and currently is moving forward. Fostered by both geographical adjacency of structural differences and the contributing factors, the pattern of local and regional cross-border trade, as well as cross鐃-border transit trade have shown a rising trend. Macro cross-border trade with Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia and Myanmar during 2008-2013 has reached significant level sharing average of 30.77 % to intra-ASEAN trade. Similarly, the share of cross-border trade to Thailands aggregate international trade with the world significantly rose from 1.02 % in 1996 to 6.48 % in 2012 or equivalent to 7.67 % of Gross Domestic Product. Regarding comparative cross-鐃border analyses, most of cross-border trader respondents across the regions are family based businesses and being mainly SMEs. Thai goods are widely accepted among bordering countries. However, cross-border traded goods are mainly produced in the core area of Bangkok metropolis and its vicinity such as eastern region. At present, Thai border cities mainly play distribution role. Concerning border wholesaling, most of respondents across the regions are family based businesses and belong to SMEs. There are 3 types of cross-border supply chains in the regions.
Dissertation: Border Economic Zones and Development Dynamics in Thailand: A Comparative Study of Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 15 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/dissertationbordereconomiczonesanddevelopmentdynamicsinthailandacomparativestudyofborderingcountries-241114095658-735a1c58-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chapter 12: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations of Doctoral Dissertation Titled Border Economic Zones and Development Dynamics in Thailand: A Comparative Study of 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia-Lao PDR, and Myanmar /slideshow/chapter-12-summary-conclusion-and-recommendations-of-doctoral-dissertation-titled-border-economic-zones-and-development-dynamics-in-thailand-a-comparative-study-of-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273286520 chapter12summaryconclusionandrecommendationsofdissertation-241113223033-f0481b9b
This study explores cross-border economic and production linkages between Thailand and its neighbors (Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos) by examining local and regional interactions, investments, and labor mobility. Thai border districts are more industrialized, benefiting from higher investment, advanced production processes, and skilled labor, especially in sectors like textiles. In contrast, neighboring districts in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos have more micro-enterprises, less investment, and informal labor mainly involved in trade and farming. However, strong cross-border links are developing due to regional agreements and improved transport. The study also identifies wage disparities, with higher wages in Thailands border areas. Local development in Thailands border regions is more prosperous, although poverty remains an issue in rural areas. ASEAN integration has positioned border regions as growth hubs, with Thailand strategically benefiting from economic corridors. The research emphasizes the role of infrastructure, transport, and policies in fostering growth and cross-border trade. Recommendations focus on enhancing border economic zones, improving governance, and fostering entrepreneurship, aiming to integrate Thailands border areas into broader regional development for mutual benefits with its neighbors. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 (犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖) 犢犖犖∇硯犖巌犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犖蹩巌肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖迦 犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦賢犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷検犖迦犖犖о犖 犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犖犖項 犖÷元犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷肩犖巌犖犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖÷元犖о鹸犖犖迦見犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犢犖ム犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖÷犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犖犖朽犖犖項犖犖о犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犖犖巌犖犖о犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖÷元犖犖園犖犖迦犖о顕犖÷権犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖園硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犖∇犖犖ム顕犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖÷ 犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犖犖園権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇牽犖萎犖園 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖項犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖迦肩犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犖劇犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犢犖о検犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦. ]]>
This study explores cross-border economic and production linkages between Thailand and its neighbors (Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos) by examining local and regional interactions, investments, and labor mobility. Thai border districts are more industrialized, benefiting from higher investment, advanced production processes, and skilled labor, especially in sectors like textiles. In contrast, neighboring districts in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos have more micro-enterprises, less investment, and informal labor mainly involved in trade and farming. However, strong cross-border links are developing due to regional agreements and improved transport. The study also identifies wage disparities, with higher wages in Thailands border areas. Local development in Thailands border regions is more prosperous, although poverty remains an issue in rural areas. ASEAN integration has positioned border regions as growth hubs, with Thailand strategically benefiting from economic corridors. The research emphasizes the role of infrastructure, transport, and policies in fostering growth and cross-border trade. Recommendations focus on enhancing border economic zones, improving governance, and fostering entrepreneurship, aiming to integrate Thailands border areas into broader regional development for mutual benefits with its neighbors. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 (犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖) 犢犖犖∇硯犖巌犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犖蹩巌肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖迦 犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦賢犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷検犖迦犖犖о犖 犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犖犖項 犖÷元犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷肩犖巌犖犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖÷元犖о鹸犖犖迦見犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犢犖ム犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖÷犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犖犖朽犖犖項犖犖о犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犖犖巌犖犖о犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖÷元犖犖園犖犖迦犖о顕犖÷権犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖園硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犖∇犖犖ム顕犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖÷ 犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犖犖園権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇牽犖萎犖園 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖項犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖迦肩犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犖劇犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犢犖о検犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦. ]]> Wed, 13 Nov 2024 22:30:33 GMT /slideshow/chapter-12-summary-conclusion-and-recommendations-of-doctoral-dissertation-titled-border-economic-zones-and-development-dynamics-in-thailand-a-comparative-study-of-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273286520 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Chapter 12: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations of Doctoral Dissertation Titled Border Economic Zones and Development Dynamics in Thailand: A Comparative Study of 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia-Lao PDR, and Myanmar choenkrainara This study explores cross-border economic and production linkages between Thailand and its neighbors (Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos) by examining local and regional interactions, investments, and labor mobility. Thai border districts are more industrialized, benefiting from higher investment, advanced production processes, and skilled labor, especially in sectors like textiles. In contrast, neighboring districts in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos have more micro-enterprises, less investment, and informal labor mainly involved in trade and farming. However, strong cross-border links are developing due to regional agreements and improved transport. The study also identifies wage disparities, with higher wages in Thailands border areas. Local development in Thailands border regions is more prosperous, although poverty remains an issue in rural areas. ASEAN integration has positioned border regions as growth hubs, with Thailand strategically benefiting from economic corridors. The research emphasizes the role of infrastructure, transport, and policies in fostering growth and cross-border trade. Recommendations focus on enhancing border economic zones, improving governance, and fostering entrepreneurship, aiming to integrate Thailands border areas into broader regional development for mutual benefits with its neighbors. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 (犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖) 犢犖犖∇硯犖巌犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犖蹩巌肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖迦 犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦賢犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷検犖迦犖犖о犖 犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犖犖項 犖÷元犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷肩犖巌犖犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖÷元犖о鹸犖犖迦見犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犢犖ム犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖÷犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犖犖朽犖犖項犖犖о犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犖犖巌犖犖о犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖÷元犖犖園犖犖迦犖о顕犖÷権犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖園硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犖∇犖犖ム顕犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖÷ 犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犖犖園権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇牽犖萎犖園 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖項犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖迦肩犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犖劇犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犢犖о検犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter12summaryconclusionandrecommendationsofdissertation-241113223033-f0481b9b-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> This study explores cross-border economic and production linkages between Thailand and its neighbors (Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos) by examining local and regional interactions, investments, and labor mobility. Thai border districts are more industrialized, benefiting from higher investment, advanced production processes, and skilled labor, especially in sectors like textiles. In contrast, neighboring districts in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos have more micro-enterprises, less investment, and informal labor mainly involved in trade and farming. However, strong cross-border links are developing due to regional agreements and improved transport. The study also identifies wage disparities, with higher wages in Thailands border areas. Local development in Thailands border regions is more prosperous, although poverty remains an issue in rural areas. ASEAN integration has positioned border regions as growth hubs, with Thailand strategically benefiting from economic corridors. The research emphasizes the role of infrastructure, transport, and policies in fostering growth and cross-border trade. Recommendations focus on enhancing border economic zones, improving governance, and fostering entrepreneurship, aiming to integrate Thailands border areas into broader regional development for mutual benefits with its neighbors. 犖犖犖犖園犖∇犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖朽犖犖犖о犖犖犖犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖萎見犖о犖迦犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖∇犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦 (犖犖園検犖犖項犖 犢犖÷元犖∇犖÷顕犖犢 犢犖ム鍵犖ム顕犖) 犢犖犖∇硯犖巌犖犖犖迦鍵犖犢犖犖迦牽犖÷元犖犖蹩巌肩犖園検犖犖園犖犢犢犖犖犖萎犖園犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖項検犖巌犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖犖ム厳犢犖犖犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖迦 犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇検犖朽犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦賢犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷検犖迦犖犖о犖 犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦牽犖ム犖犖伍犖犖項 犖÷元犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽犖÷元犖犖園犖犖萎犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖о犖犖迦牽犖犖ム鹸犖犖犖園犖犖犖項犢犖犖∇犖犖犖迦鍵犢犖犖犖伍犖犖迦見犖犖犖犖÷肩犖巌犖犖犖 犢犖犖犖犖萎犖朽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦犖÷元犖о鹸犖犖迦見犖犖巌犖犖犖迦犢犖ム犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖迦犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犖朽犖犖橿犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犢犖ム鍵犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖犖÷元犖犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖÷犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖ム犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖犖犖謹犖犖о顕犖÷犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犖犖朽犖犖項犖犖о犖迦犖犢犖犖犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犖犖巌犖犖о犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犢犖犢犖∇険犖犖÷元犖犖園犖犖迦犖о顕犖÷権犖迦犖犖犢犖犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖о検犖犖園硯犖犖迦犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖朽権犖犖犖橿犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇犖犢犖犖犖項犖∇犖犖ム顕犖犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖犖÷ 犖犖迦牽犖о鹸犖犖園権犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦犖犖劇犖犖犖迦 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犢犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犢犖∇犖迦権犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖迦牽犢犖犖巌犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犢犖迦検犖犖犖÷犖犖 犖犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖萎検犖伍犖犢犖犢犖犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖迦権犢犖犖 犖犖迦牽犖犖犖園犖犖犖伍犖犖迦牽犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖ム顕犖∇牽犖萎犖園 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犖犖巌検犖犖項犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖項牽犖犖迦犖迦牽犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犖犖迦権犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖∇犖犢犖迦肩犖項犖犖迦牽犖犖園犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖園犖犖項検犖巌犖迦犢犖犖劇犖犖犖ム犖犖萎犖∇犖犢犖犢犖о検犖犖園犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖迦.
Chapter 12: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations of Doctoral Dissertation Titled Border Economic Zones and Development Dynamics in Thailand: A Comparative Study of 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia-Lao PDR, and Myanmar from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 31 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter12summaryconclusionandrecommendationsofdissertation-241113223033-f0481b9b-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chapter 11: Regional and Local Cross-Border Investment, People and Vehicle Mobilities Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar /slideshow/chapter-11-regional-and-local-cross-border-investment-people-and-vehicle-mobilities-between-thailand-and-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar-f9d0/273285599 chapter11regionallocalcross-borderinvestmentpeoplevehiclemobilitiesbetwthailandborderingcountries-241113213514-08b16360
This Chapter provides an assessment on significant benefits gained from cross-border interactions, including cross-border investment (in the form of contract farming) and cross-border people and vehicle mobilities, both at local and regional scales. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12331.25126]]>
This Chapter provides an assessment on significant benefits gained from cross-border interactions, including cross-border investment (in the form of contract farming) and cross-border people and vehicle mobilities, both at local and regional scales. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12331.25126]]> Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:35:14 GMT /slideshow/chapter-11-regional-and-local-cross-border-investment-people-and-vehicle-mobilities-between-thailand-and-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar-f9d0/273285599 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Chapter 11: Regional and Local Cross-Border Investment, People and Vehicle Mobilities Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar choenkrainara This Chapter provides an assessment on significant benefits gained from cross-border interactions, including cross-border investment (in the form of contract farming) and cross-border people and vehicle mobilities, both at local and regional scales. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12331.25126 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter11regionallocalcross-borderinvestmentpeoplevehiclemobilitiesbetwthailandborderingcountries-241113213514-08b16360-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> This Chapter provides an assessment on significant benefits gained from cross-border interactions, including cross-border investment (in the form of contract farming) and cross-border people and vehicle mobilities, both at local and regional scales. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12331.25126
Chapter 11: Regional and Local Cross-Border Investment, People and Vehicle Mobilities Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 15 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter11regionallocalcross-borderinvestmentpeoplevehiclemobilitiesbetwthailandborderingcountries-241113213514-08b16360-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chapter 10:Local Cross-Border Interactions, Border Employment and Household Livelihoods Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar /slideshow/chapter-10-local-cross-border-interactions-border-employment-and-household-livelihoods-between-thailand-and-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar-66e3/273285176 chapter10localcross-borderinteractionsborderemploymentandhouseholdlivelihoodsbetwthailandandborderin-241113211205-1ec16576
This Chapter features local cross-border interactions particularly on socio-economic conditions, border employment and livelihoods at border household level. This chapter also describes how these local cross-border linkages contribute to sharing of employment and income along the cross-border regions. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17364.41604]]>
This Chapter features local cross-border interactions particularly on socio-economic conditions, border employment and livelihoods at border household level. This chapter also describes how these local cross-border linkages contribute to sharing of employment and income along the cross-border regions. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17364.41604]]> Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:12:05 GMT /slideshow/chapter-10-local-cross-border-interactions-border-employment-and-household-livelihoods-between-thailand-and-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar-66e3/273285176 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Chapter 10:Local Cross-Border Interactions, Border Employment and Household Livelihoods Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar choenkrainara This Chapter features local cross-border interactions particularly on socio-economic conditions, border employment and livelihoods at border household level. This chapter also describes how these local cross-border linkages contribute to sharing of employment and income along the cross-border regions. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17364.41604 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter10localcross-borderinteractionsborderemploymentandhouseholdlivelihoodsbetwthailandandborderin-241113211205-1ec16576-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> This Chapter features local cross-border interactions particularly on socio-economic conditions, border employment and livelihoods at border household level. This chapter also describes how these local cross-border linkages contribute to sharing of employment and income along the cross-border regions. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17364.41604
Chapter 10:Local Cross-Border Interactions, Border Employment and Household Livelihoods Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 6 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter10localcross-borderinteractionsborderemploymentandhouseholdlivelihoodsbetwthailandandborderin-241113211205-1ec16576-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Chapter 9: Local and Regional Cross-Border Industrial Linkages Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar /slideshow/chapter-9-local-and-regional-cross-border-industrial-linkages-between-thailand-and-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273275263 chapter9localandregionalcross-borderindustriallinkagesbetweenthailandand3borderingcountries-241113133203-cd9fbcd7
This chapter provides a micro level analysis of local and regional cross-border industrial linkages. It also covers the characteristics and pattern of border industrial entrepreneurships. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14546.36809]]>
This chapter provides a micro level analysis of local and regional cross-border industrial linkages. It also covers the characteristics and pattern of border industrial entrepreneurships. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14546.36809]]> Wed, 13 Nov 2024 13:32:02 GMT /slideshow/chapter-9-local-and-regional-cross-border-industrial-linkages-between-thailand-and-3-bordering-countries-cambodia-lao-pdr-and-myanmar/273275263 choenkrainara@slideshare.net(choenkrainara) Chapter 9: Local and Regional Cross-Border Industrial Linkages Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar choenkrainara This chapter provides a micro level analysis of local and regional cross-border industrial linkages. It also covers the characteristics and pattern of border industrial entrepreneurships. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14546.36809 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter9localandregionalcross-borderindustriallinkagesbetweenthailandand3borderingcountries-241113133203-cd9fbcd7-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> This chapter provides a micro level analysis of local and regional cross-border industrial linkages. It also covers the characteristics and pattern of border industrial entrepreneurships. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14546.36809
Chapter 9: Local and Regional Cross-Border Industrial Linkages Between Thailand and 3 Bordering Countries-Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar from Dr.Choen Krainara
]]> 5 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chapter9localandregionalcross-borderindustriallinkagesbetweenthailandand3borderingcountries-241113133203-cd9fbcd7-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-choenkrainara-48x48.jpg?cb=1750697315 犖÷幻犢犖犖÷険犢犖 犖犖犖巌犖犖園 犖犖犖伍犖犖園犖犖伍犖犖巌犖犖犖朽犖犖 犢犖犖迦肩犖迦検犖迦牽犖犢犖犖朽犖∇犖犖項犖犖巌犖犢犖犖÷犢犢犖ム鍵犢犖ム犢犖犖ム元犢犖∇犖犖о顕犖÷牽犖項犢犖犢犖犖伍犖о険犖 Life-Long Learner ait-th.academia.edu/ChoenKrainara https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/pre-feasibilitystudyondeposit-returnsystemdrsinbangkokcityforpublic-250315220945-bae04203-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/pre-conditions-deposit-return-system-drs-pre-feasibility-study-on-establishment-of-deposit-return-system-drs-in-bangkok-city/276743272 犖犖迦牽犖犖謹犖犖迦攻釣犖犖朽権犖÷犖о顕犖÷犖犢犖... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/certificateofcompletioninfoundationsofcentralbanklaw-250314173259-f2ab0761-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/certificate-of-completion-in-foundations-of-central-bank-law/276703951 Certificate of Complet... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/expectedsocialandeconomicimpactsofdrsoninformalwastepickersandbangkokcityrg-250128072744-e0e5088d-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/ss-7db4/275202340 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖ム犖犖萎犖犖犖萎犖...