�ݺ�ߣshows by User: harjjumend

�ݺ�ߣshows by User: harjjumend / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif �ݺ�ߣshows by User: harjjumend / Sat, 19 Jan 2013 07:34:58 GMT �ݺ�ߣShare feed for �ݺ�ߣshows by User: harjjumend Indus river basin paper hasrat /slideshow/indus-river-basin-paper-hasrat/16070120 indusriverbasinpaper-hasrat-130119073458-phpapp01
Indus is a river system that sustains communities in both countries India and Pakistan, which have extensively dammed the Indus River for irrigation of their crops and hydro-electricity systems. The river tributaries are Jhelum and Chenab rivers, which primarily flow into Pakistan while other branches—the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—irrigate northern India. Conflict in the basin started in 1947 when India stopped water flowing through its canals to Pakistan, forcing the later to approach international agencies for help. Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed by both countries in 1960, giving exclusive rights over the three western rivers of the Indus river system (Jhelum, Chenab and Indus) to Pakistan, and over the three eastern rivers (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas) to India. Competing water demands and inadequate water availability for irrigation and other uses stress regional economy which leads to failing of legal and governance institutions. Water dispute in Indus River Basin (IRB) arose due to poor governance and lack of proper institutions to manage water between two stakeholders, which stressed the amount of water available in the basin. Changing climate worldwide and its effect on mountain snow-caps and glaciers have been exerting new set of challenges to the governance and institutions managing the waters of IRB. Based on the review of secondary literature and scenario analysis, this article exposes the inherent uncertainties and suggests governance solutions.]]>
Indus is a river system that sustains communities in both countries India and Pakistan, which have extensively dammed the Indus River for irrigation of their crops and hydro-electricity systems. The river tributaries are Jhelum and Chenab rivers, which primarily flow into Pakistan while other branches—the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—irrigate northern India. Conflict in the basin started in 1947 when India stopped water flowing through its canals to Pakistan, forcing the later to approach international agencies for help. Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed by both countries in 1960, giving exclusive rights over the three western rivers of the Indus river system (Jhelum, Chenab and Indus) to Pakistan, and over the three eastern rivers (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas) to India. Competing water demands and inadequate water availability for irrigation and other uses stress regional economy which leads to failing of legal and governance institutions. Water dispute in Indus River Basin (IRB) arose due to poor governance and lack of proper institutions to manage water between two stakeholders, which stressed the amount of water available in the basin. Changing climate worldwide and its effect on mountain snow-caps and glaciers have been exerting new set of challenges to the governance and institutions managing the waters of IRB. Based on the review of secondary literature and scenario analysis, this article exposes the inherent uncertainties and suggests governance solutions.]]> Sat, 19 Jan 2013 07:34:58 GMT /slideshow/indus-river-basin-paper-hasrat/16070120 harjjumend@slideshare.net(harjjumend) Indus river basin paper hasrat harjjumend Indus is a river system that sustains communities in both countries India and Pakistan, which have extensively dammed the Indus River for irrigation of their crops and hydro-electricity systems. The river tributaries are Jhelum and Chenab rivers, which primarily flow into Pakistan while other branches—the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—irrigate northern India. Conflict in the basin started in 1947 when India stopped water flowing through its canals to Pakistan, forcing the later to approach international agencies for help. Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed by both countries in 1960, giving exclusive rights over the three western rivers of the Indus river system (Jhelum, Chenab and Indus) to Pakistan, and over the three eastern rivers (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas) to India. Competing water demands and inadequate water availability for irrigation and other uses stress regional economy which leads to failing of legal and governance institutions. Water dispute in Indus River Basin (IRB) arose due to poor governance and lack of proper institutions to manage water between two stakeholders, which stressed the amount of water available in the basin. Changing climate worldwide and its effect on mountain snow-caps and glaciers have been exerting new set of challenges to the governance and institutions managing the waters of IRB. Based on the review of secondary literature and scenario analysis, this article exposes the inherent uncertainties and suggests governance solutions. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/indusriverbasinpaper-hasrat-130119073458-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Indus is a river system that sustains communities in both countries India and Pakistan, which have extensively dammed the Indus River for irrigation of their crops and hydro-electricity systems. The river tributaries are Jhelum and Chenab rivers, which primarily flow into Pakistan while other branches—the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—irrigate northern India. Conflict in the basin started in 1947 when India stopped water flowing through its canals to Pakistan, forcing the later to approach international agencies for help. Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed by both countries in 1960, giving exclusive rights over the three western rivers of the Indus river system (Jhelum, Chenab and Indus) to Pakistan, and over the three eastern rivers (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas) to India. Competing water demands and inadequate water availability for irrigation and other uses stress regional economy which leads to failing of legal and governance institutions. Water dispute in Indus River Basin (IRB) arose due to poor governance and lack of proper institutions to manage water between two stakeholders, which stressed the amount of water available in the basin. Changing climate worldwide and its effect on mountain snow-caps and glaciers have been exerting new set of challenges to the governance and institutions managing the waters of IRB. Based on the review of secondary literature and scenario analysis, this article exposes the inherent uncertainties and suggests governance solutions.

Indus river basin paper hasrat from Hasrat Arjjumend

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0 New Challenges of Transboundary Water Conflicts and Climate Change for Governance of Indus River Basin /slideshow/new-challenges-of-transboundary-water-conflicts-and-climate-change-for-governance-of-indus-river-basin/16069588 indusriverbasinpaper-hasrat-130119064313-phpapp02
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]]> Sat, 19 Jan 2013 06:43:13 GMT /slideshow/new-challenges-of-transboundary-water-conflicts-and-climate-change-for-governance-of-indus-river-basin/16069588 harjjumend@slideshare.net(harjjumend) New Challenges of Transboundary Water Conflicts and Climate Change for Governance of Indus River Basin harjjumend <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/indusriverbasinpaper-hasrat-130119064313-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" />

New Challenges of Transboundary Water Conflicts and Climate Change for Governance of Indus River Basin from Hasrat Arjjumend

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0 Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydro-Electric Dams in Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh /slideshow/environmental-and-social-impacts-of-hydroelectric-dams-in-chamba-district-of-himachal-pradesh/15842143 hasrat-arjjumend-130103094655-phpapp02
Having 4300 large dams already constructed and many more in pipeline, India is one of world's most prolific dam-builders. Large dams in India are estimated to have submerged about 37500 km2 land area and displaced tens of millions of people. Himachal Pradesh is proceeding towards power-surplus state and there are as many as 401 projects of different magnitude in different stages of installation on 5 river basins of the state i.e. Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Yamuna. State has identified its hydropower generation potential at 23,000 MW. The ecological devastation caused by various projects at lower altitudes of Himachal Pradesh has been alarming; while the prospect of what will happen to the fragile alpine ecosystem is frightening. These projects will change the microclimate that will result in accelerated melting of the snow and glaciers at high altitudes. Like other river basins of the state, hydro-electric power generation in Chamba district was started in 1980s, with 117 mini & micro power projects in different stages of execution at present. Having the special focus on Hul projects the present paper explores the impacts of various dams on environment and local people in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. About 6000 local people are being affected by Hul-I project only. The consequences to nature and wildlife will also prove disastrous. As of now, the wildlife such as deer, bear, goat, tiger and peacock do not enter the fields of farmers. Deforestation and soil erosion are even more devastating. Making the situation even more absurd is that the benefits of these power plants do not go to the community suffering the consequences. Gujjar and Gaddi tribes in the state of Himachal Pradesh have been agitating against 4.5 MW hydropower plant from diverting the entire flow of the Hul stream, on which their lives depend. These communities have for more than two decades protected and preserved the forests from which Hul stream originates. The project’s pipeline is said to destroy about 2000 of slow-growing oak trees. Livelihood and social impacts of poorly planned mini-hydel projects can be thus devastating, as exemplified in this case. ]]>
Having 4300 large dams already constructed and many more in pipeline, India is one of world's most prolific dam-builders. Large dams in India are estimated to have submerged about 37500 km2 land area and displaced tens of millions of people. Himachal Pradesh is proceeding towards power-surplus state and there are as many as 401 projects of different magnitude in different stages of installation on 5 river basins of the state i.e. Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Yamuna. State has identified its hydropower generation potential at 23,000 MW. The ecological devastation caused by various projects at lower altitudes of Himachal Pradesh has been alarming; while the prospect of what will happen to the fragile alpine ecosystem is frightening. These projects will change the microclimate that will result in accelerated melting of the snow and glaciers at high altitudes. Like other river basins of the state, hydro-electric power generation in Chamba district was started in 1980s, with 117 mini & micro power projects in different stages of execution at present. Having the special focus on Hul projects the present paper explores the impacts of various dams on environment and local people in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. About 6000 local people are being affected by Hul-I project only. The consequences to nature and wildlife will also prove disastrous. As of now, the wildlife such as deer, bear, goat, tiger and peacock do not enter the fields of farmers. Deforestation and soil erosion are even more devastating. Making the situation even more absurd is that the benefits of these power plants do not go to the community suffering the consequences. Gujjar and Gaddi tribes in the state of Himachal Pradesh have been agitating against 4.5 MW hydropower plant from diverting the entire flow of the Hul stream, on which their lives depend. These communities have for more than two decades protected and preserved the forests from which Hul stream originates. The project’s pipeline is said to destroy about 2000 of slow-growing oak trees. Livelihood and social impacts of poorly planned mini-hydel projects can be thus devastating, as exemplified in this case. ]]> Thu, 03 Jan 2013 09:46:55 GMT /slideshow/environmental-and-social-impacts-of-hydroelectric-dams-in-chamba-district-of-himachal-pradesh/15842143 harjjumend@slideshare.net(harjjumend) Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydro-Electric Dams in Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh harjjumend Having 4300 large dams already constructed and many more in pipeline, India is one of world's most prolific dam-builders. Large dams in India are estimated to have submerged about 37500 km2 land area and displaced tens of millions of people. Himachal Pradesh is proceeding towards power-surplus state and there are as many as 401 projects of different magnitude in different stages of installation on 5 river basins of the state i.e. Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Yamuna. State has identified its hydropower generation potential at 23,000 MW. The ecological devastation caused by various projects at lower altitudes of Himachal Pradesh has been alarming; while the prospect of what will happen to the fragile alpine ecosystem is frightening. These projects will change the microclimate that will result in accelerated melting of the snow and glaciers at high altitudes. Like other river basins of the state, hydro-electric power generation in Chamba district was started in 1980s, with 117 mini & micro power projects in different stages of execution at present. Having the special focus on Hul projects the present paper explores the impacts of various dams on environment and local people in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. About 6000 local people are being affected by Hul-I project only. The consequences to nature and wildlife will also prove disastrous. As of now, the wildlife such as deer, bear, goat, tiger and peacock do not enter the fields of farmers. Deforestation and soil erosion are even more devastating. Making the situation even more absurd is that the benefits of these power plants do not go to the community suffering the consequences. Gujjar and Gaddi tribes in the state of Himachal Pradesh have been agitating against 4.5 MW hydropower plant from diverting the entire flow of the Hul stream, on which their lives depend. These communities have for more than two decades protected and preserved the forests from which Hul stream originates. The project’s pipeline is said to destroy about 2000 of slow-growing oak trees. Livelihood and social impacts of poorly planned mini-hydel projects can be thus devastating, as exemplified in this case. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hasrat-arjjumend-130103094655-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Having 4300 large dams already constructed and many more in pipeline, India is one of world's most prolific dam-builders. Large dams in India are estimated to have submerged about 37500 km2 land area and displaced tens of millions of people. Himachal Pradesh is proceeding towards power-surplus state and there are as many as 401 projects of different magnitude in different stages of installation on 5 river basins of the state i.e. Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Yamuna. State has identified its hydropower generation potential at 23,000 MW. The ecological devastation caused by various projects at lower altitudes of Himachal Pradesh has been alarming; while the prospect of what will happen to the fragile alpine ecosystem is frightening. These projects will change the microclimate that will result in accelerated melting of the snow and glaciers at high altitudes. Like other river basins of the state, hydro-electric power generation in Chamba district was started in 1980s, with 117 mini & micro power projects in different stages of execution at present. Having the special focus on Hul projects the present paper explores the impacts of various dams on environment and local people in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. About 6000 local people are being affected by Hul-I project only. The consequences to nature and wildlife will also prove disastrous. As of now, the wildlife such as deer, bear, goat, tiger and peacock do not enter the fields of farmers. Deforestation and soil erosion are even more devastating. Making the situation even more absurd is that the benefits of these power plants do not go to the community suffering the consequences. Gujjar and Gaddi tribes in the state of Himachal Pradesh have been agitating against 4.5 MW hydropower plant from diverting the entire flow of the Hul stream, on which their lives depend. These communities have for more than two decades protected and preserved the forests from which Hul stream originates. The project’s pipeline is said to destroy about 2000 of slow-growing oak trees. Livelihood and social impacts of poorly planned mini-hydel projects can be thus devastating, as exemplified in this case.

Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydro-Electric Dams in Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh from Hasrat Arjjumend

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0 DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL ARTEFACTS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH /slideshow/diversity-of-cultural-artefacts-in-himachal-pradesh/15658228 diversity-culture-121216082653-phpapp02
Splendour of art and culture in Western Himalayas always lured human heart and mind to study and work to know the ultimate truth of art and culture and its value in human life. Politically, Himachal Pradesh was formed in 1966 when about 20 princely hill kingdoms were merged together. The Rajput kings were great connoisseurs of art and craft and extended patronage to talented artisans in times of peace, when they needed to commemorate, and perpetuate their victories. Himachal art and craft give us an insight into the social beliefs and religious practices, which stimulate and provide an outlet for the artistic energies of Pahari artisans. The villages display little changes in their fabric or community needs through largely impoverished craftsmen and artisans having retained their creativity through the ages. Grassroots Institute, in association of local NGOs, conducted an empirical study in 2008-09 to document various forms of cultural artefacts in Chamba, Kangraa, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti districts by using research tools of questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation and photography. Cultural artefacts that were recorded include: embroidery (including Chamba rumaal), ornaments, Pahari painting, Kangra painting, Thangka painting, handloom crafts, hemp shoes, wood carving, basketry, metal craft and sacra-metal artefacts, dolls & soft toys and Budhist sculpture. This paper will present historical, socio-cultural, morphological and developmental aspects of different cultural artefacts and associated artisans. This paper also provides the suggestions to develop new styles and designs in artefacts for getting space in market. Government needs to support the artisans and craftworkers in variety of ways. ]]>
Splendour of art and culture in Western Himalayas always lured human heart and mind to study and work to know the ultimate truth of art and culture and its value in human life. Politically, Himachal Pradesh was formed in 1966 when about 20 princely hill kingdoms were merged together. The Rajput kings were great connoisseurs of art and craft and extended patronage to talented artisans in times of peace, when they needed to commemorate, and perpetuate their victories. Himachal art and craft give us an insight into the social beliefs and religious practices, which stimulate and provide an outlet for the artistic energies of Pahari artisans. The villages display little changes in their fabric or community needs through largely impoverished craftsmen and artisans having retained their creativity through the ages. Grassroots Institute, in association of local NGOs, conducted an empirical study in 2008-09 to document various forms of cultural artefacts in Chamba, Kangraa, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti districts by using research tools of questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation and photography. Cultural artefacts that were recorded include: embroidery (including Chamba rumaal), ornaments, Pahari painting, Kangra painting, Thangka painting, handloom crafts, hemp shoes, wood carving, basketry, metal craft and sacra-metal artefacts, dolls & soft toys and Budhist sculpture. This paper will present historical, socio-cultural, morphological and developmental aspects of different cultural artefacts and associated artisans. This paper also provides the suggestions to develop new styles and designs in artefacts for getting space in market. Government needs to support the artisans and craftworkers in variety of ways. ]]> Sun, 16 Dec 2012 08:26:53 GMT /slideshow/diversity-of-cultural-artefacts-in-himachal-pradesh/15658228 harjjumend@slideshare.net(harjjumend) DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL ARTEFACTS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH harjjumend Splendour of art and culture in Western Himalayas always lured human heart and mind to study and work to know the ultimate truth of art and culture and its value in human life. Politically, Himachal Pradesh was formed in 1966 when about 20 princely hill kingdoms were merged together. The Rajput kings were great connoisseurs of art and craft and extended patronage to talented artisans in times of peace, when they needed to commemorate, and perpetuate their victories. Himachal art and craft give us an insight into the social beliefs and religious practices, which stimulate and provide an outlet for the artistic energies of Pahari artisans. The villages display little changes in their fabric or community needs through largely impoverished craftsmen and artisans having retained their creativity through the ages. Grassroots Institute, in association of local NGOs, conducted an empirical study in 2008-09 to document various forms of cultural artefacts in Chamba, Kangraa, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti districts by using research tools of questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation and photography. Cultural artefacts that were recorded include: embroidery (including Chamba rumaal), ornaments, Pahari painting, Kangra painting, Thangka painting, handloom crafts, hemp shoes, wood carving, basketry, metal craft and sacra-metal artefacts, dolls & soft toys and Budhist sculpture. This paper will present historical, socio-cultural, morphological and developmental aspects of different cultural artefacts and associated artisans. This paper also provides the suggestions to develop new styles and designs in artefacts for getting space in market. Government needs to support the artisans and craftworkers in variety of ways. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/diversity-culture-121216082653-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Splendour of art and culture in Western Himalayas always lured human heart and mind to study and work to know the ultimate truth of art and culture and its value in human life. Politically, Himachal Pradesh was formed in 1966 when about 20 princely hill kingdoms were merged together. The Rajput kings were great connoisseurs of art and craft and extended patronage to talented artisans in times of peace, when they needed to commemorate, and perpetuate their victories. Himachal art and craft give us an insight into the social beliefs and religious practices, which stimulate and provide an outlet for the artistic energies of Pahari artisans. The villages display little changes in their fabric or community needs through largely impoverished craftsmen and artisans having retained their creativity through the ages. Grassroots Institute, in association of local NGOs, conducted an empirical study in 2008-09 to document various forms of cultural artefacts in Chamba, Kangraa, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti districts by using research tools of questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation and photography. Cultural artefacts that were recorded include: embroidery (including Chamba rumaal), ornaments, Pahari painting, Kangra painting, Thangka painting, handloom crafts, hemp shoes, wood carving, basketry, metal craft and sacra-metal artefacts, dolls & soft toys and Budhist sculpture. This paper will present historical, socio-cultural, morphological and developmental aspects of different cultural artefacts and associated artisans. This paper also provides the suggestions to develop new styles and designs in artefacts for getting space in market. Government needs to support the artisans and craftworkers in variety of ways.

DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL ARTEFACTS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH from Hasrat Arjjumend

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0 Agrobiodiversity in Great Himalayan National Park: Challenges for Conservation /slideshow/agrobiodiversity-in-great-himalayan-national-park-challenges-for-conservation/15034113 cop11-presentation-121105111740-phpapp02
Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), situated in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India, is home to huge diversity of fauna and flora. Having rich bio-cultural traditions the farmer communities residing in buffer zone of GHNP Conservation Area (GHNPCA) have developed multitude of indigenous on-farm techniques (the methods by which inputs are powered) and technologies (the application of knowledge to the production system) for optimal production. Appreciable diversity of agriculture has been maintained through a variety of crop compositions, cropping patterns and crop rotations. Grassroots Institute undertook the mapping and documentation of in situ agrobiodiversity in 2007-10, followed by promotion of on-farm conservation and organic farming practices. Farmers practice polyculture by growing multiple traditional cultivars of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean. About 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops are being cultivated by the mountain farmers in 2 gram panchayats covering 20 villages in Tirthan Valley of GHNPCA. Results of the study revealed that these traditional cultivars are far superior in characteristics than their counterpart modern or hybrid varieties. However, the old agronomic practices and poor market rates have ever discouraged the farmers to continue growing the traditional cultivars of these crops, and the farmers were forced to adopt hybrid seeds and monoculture. Abundance and sown area of various cultivars also decreased over past three decades. Grassroots Institute addressed the two-fold challenge: one, preservation and re-introduction of traditional cultivars in situ coupled with improvement in agronomic methods of farmers for enhancing the yield; and two, linking the organic produce of the traditional crops with innovative post-harvest techniques and better market opportunities. Challenge ahead lies in engaging large number of farmers in cultivation of genetically-superior traditional cultivars, and in value addition, processing and marketing of organic produce of these crops, so that the livelihood of marginal and poor farmers, which is relatively based on bioresources of national park, can be diversified/diverted and the overall goal of biodiversity conservation is fully achieved.]]>
Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), situated in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India, is home to huge diversity of fauna and flora. Having rich bio-cultural traditions the farmer communities residing in buffer zone of GHNP Conservation Area (GHNPCA) have developed multitude of indigenous on-farm techniques (the methods by which inputs are powered) and technologies (the application of knowledge to the production system) for optimal production. Appreciable diversity of agriculture has been maintained through a variety of crop compositions, cropping patterns and crop rotations. Grassroots Institute undertook the mapping and documentation of in situ agrobiodiversity in 2007-10, followed by promotion of on-farm conservation and organic farming practices. Farmers practice polyculture by growing multiple traditional cultivars of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean. About 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops are being cultivated by the mountain farmers in 2 gram panchayats covering 20 villages in Tirthan Valley of GHNPCA. Results of the study revealed that these traditional cultivars are far superior in characteristics than their counterpart modern or hybrid varieties. However, the old agronomic practices and poor market rates have ever discouraged the farmers to continue growing the traditional cultivars of these crops, and the farmers were forced to adopt hybrid seeds and monoculture. Abundance and sown area of various cultivars also decreased over past three decades. Grassroots Institute addressed the two-fold challenge: one, preservation and re-introduction of traditional cultivars in situ coupled with improvement in agronomic methods of farmers for enhancing the yield; and two, linking the organic produce of the traditional crops with innovative post-harvest techniques and better market opportunities. Challenge ahead lies in engaging large number of farmers in cultivation of genetically-superior traditional cultivars, and in value addition, processing and marketing of organic produce of these crops, so that the livelihood of marginal and poor farmers, which is relatively based on bioresources of national park, can be diversified/diverted and the overall goal of biodiversity conservation is fully achieved.]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2012 11:17:38 GMT /slideshow/agrobiodiversity-in-great-himalayan-national-park-challenges-for-conservation/15034113 harjjumend@slideshare.net(harjjumend) Agrobiodiversity in Great Himalayan National Park: Challenges for Conservation harjjumend Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), situated in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India, is home to huge diversity of fauna and flora. Having rich bio-cultural traditions the farmer communities residing in buffer zone of GHNP Conservation Area (GHNPCA) have developed multitude of indigenous on-farm techniques (the methods by which inputs are powered) and technologies (the application of knowledge to the production system) for optimal production. Appreciable diversity of agriculture has been maintained through a variety of crop compositions, cropping patterns and crop rotations. Grassroots Institute undertook the mapping and documentation of in situ agrobiodiversity in 2007-10, followed by promotion of on-farm conservation and organic farming practices. Farmers practice polyculture by growing multiple traditional cultivars of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean. About 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops are being cultivated by the mountain farmers in 2 gram panchayats covering 20 villages in Tirthan Valley of GHNPCA. Results of the study revealed that these traditional cultivars are far superior in characteristics than their counterpart modern or hybrid varieties. However, the old agronomic practices and poor market rates have ever discouraged the farmers to continue growing the traditional cultivars of these crops, and the farmers were forced to adopt hybrid seeds and monoculture. Abundance and sown area of various cultivars also decreased over past three decades. Grassroots Institute addressed the two-fold challenge: one, preservation and re-introduction of traditional cultivars in situ coupled with improvement in agronomic methods of farmers for enhancing the yield; and two, linking the organic produce of the traditional crops with innovative post-harvest techniques and better market opportunities. Challenge ahead lies in engaging large number of farmers in cultivation of genetically-superior traditional cultivars, and in value addition, processing and marketing of organic produce of these crops, so that the livelihood of marginal and poor farmers, which is relatively based on bioresources of national park, can be diversified/diverted and the overall goal of biodiversity conservation is fully achieved. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cop11-presentation-121105111740-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), situated in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India, is home to huge diversity of fauna and flora. Having rich bio-cultural traditions the farmer communities residing in buffer zone of GHNP Conservation Area (GHNPCA) have developed multitude of indigenous on-farm techniques (the methods by which inputs are powered) and technologies (the application of knowledge to the production system) for optimal production. Appreciable diversity of agriculture has been maintained through a variety of crop compositions, cropping patterns and crop rotations. Grassroots Institute undertook the mapping and documentation of in situ agrobiodiversity in 2007-10, followed by promotion of on-farm conservation and organic farming practices. Farmers practice polyculture by growing multiple traditional cultivars of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean. About 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops are being cultivated by the mountain farmers in 2 gram panchayats covering 20 villages in Tirthan Valley of GHNPCA. Results of the study revealed that these traditional cultivars are far superior in characteristics than their counterpart modern or hybrid varieties. However, the old agronomic practices and poor market rates have ever discouraged the farmers to continue growing the traditional cultivars of these crops, and the farmers were forced to adopt hybrid seeds and monoculture. Abundance and sown area of various cultivars also decreased over past three decades. Grassroots Institute addressed the two-fold challenge: one, preservation and re-introduction of traditional cultivars in situ coupled with improvement in agronomic methods of farmers for enhancing the yield; and two, linking the organic produce of the traditional crops with innovative post-harvest techniques and better market opportunities. Challenge ahead lies in engaging large number of farmers in cultivation of genetically-superior traditional cultivars, and in value addition, processing and marketing of organic produce of these crops, so that the livelihood of marginal and poor farmers, which is relatively based on bioresources of national park, can be diversified/diverted and the overall goal of biodiversity conservation is fully achieved.

Agrobiodiversity in Great Himalayan National Park: Challenges for Conservation from Hasrat Arjjumend

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0 Linkages of Green Consumerism with Agrobiodiversity Conservation in Himalayan Mountains /slideshow/linkages-of-green-consumerism-with-agrobiodiversity-conservation-in-himalayan-mountains/14811010 grassroots-chambaseminar-121020035620-phpapp02
In high altitudes of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, about 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean are better adapted to the local agro-climatic conditions in comparison to the HYVs. Abundance, sown area, cultivation history, yield, bio-physical characteristics, economics and agronomic practices were studied in 2007-10 followed by the characteristics of each cultivar such as size/color/taste of the seed/fruit/tuber, nutrition value, and resistance to pests/insects/pathogens/water stress. Participatory research with farmers revealed that agricultural biodiversity can longer be protected because of fast invasion of monoculture-based farming systems in mountains, which is indirectly linked with growing unsustainable consumerism. Analysis in context of consumer-commodity relationships indicated that the consumer preference of lucrative foods has led to absence of market for food grains, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables of traditional cultivars in most of low-altitude mountain areas. As a result the monoculture with chemical farming has succeeded and the farm diversity declined. Changing pattern in consumerism is believed to have affected negatively the farmers’ behaviour of growing the traditional cultivars of genetically-superior food crops. Can the green consumerism reverse the trend of erosion of agrobiodiversity, and provide the farmers with incentives of continuing to grow multiple crops with traditional varieties? Literature on green consumerism shows that there is a potential demand for products of traditional cultivars in new emergent economies including India, though the current food market is not responding to fully meet the needs and preferences of eco-friendly consumers. Product labeling, certification and quality control are some issues that diffuse the responsible consumers, thus causing setback to very market for products of traditional cultivars. This paper so recommends that by developing compulsory or voluntary labeling and certification to enhance information for potential green consumers about the products of traditional cultivars and by setting low-cost marketing channels to transfer premium price back to farmers could help farmers to sustain the adoption of traditional cultivars as against modern varieties. It would help conserve in situ the agrobiodiversity in Himalayan mountains, and to maintain resilience of agro-ecosystems for mitigation of the effects of climate change.]]>
In high altitudes of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, about 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean are better adapted to the local agro-climatic conditions in comparison to the HYVs. Abundance, sown area, cultivation history, yield, bio-physical characteristics, economics and agronomic practices were studied in 2007-10 followed by the characteristics of each cultivar such as size/color/taste of the seed/fruit/tuber, nutrition value, and resistance to pests/insects/pathogens/water stress. Participatory research with farmers revealed that agricultural biodiversity can longer be protected because of fast invasion of monoculture-based farming systems in mountains, which is indirectly linked with growing unsustainable consumerism. Analysis in context of consumer-commodity relationships indicated that the consumer preference of lucrative foods has led to absence of market for food grains, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables of traditional cultivars in most of low-altitude mountain areas. As a result the monoculture with chemical farming has succeeded and the farm diversity declined. Changing pattern in consumerism is believed to have affected negatively the farmers’ behaviour of growing the traditional cultivars of genetically-superior food crops. Can the green consumerism reverse the trend of erosion of agrobiodiversity, and provide the farmers with incentives of continuing to grow multiple crops with traditional varieties? Literature on green consumerism shows that there is a potential demand for products of traditional cultivars in new emergent economies including India, though the current food market is not responding to fully meet the needs and preferences of eco-friendly consumers. Product labeling, certification and quality control are some issues that diffuse the responsible consumers, thus causing setback to very market for products of traditional cultivars. This paper so recommends that by developing compulsory or voluntary labeling and certification to enhance information for potential green consumers about the products of traditional cultivars and by setting low-cost marketing channels to transfer premium price back to farmers could help farmers to sustain the adoption of traditional cultivars as against modern varieties. It would help conserve in situ the agrobiodiversity in Himalayan mountains, and to maintain resilience of agro-ecosystems for mitigation of the effects of climate change.]]> Sat, 20 Oct 2012 03:56:19 GMT /slideshow/linkages-of-green-consumerism-with-agrobiodiversity-conservation-in-himalayan-mountains/14811010 harjjumend@slideshare.net(harjjumend) Linkages of Green Consumerism with Agrobiodiversity Conservation in Himalayan Mountains harjjumend In high altitudes of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, about 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean are better adapted to the local agro-climatic conditions in comparison to the HYVs. Abundance, sown area, cultivation history, yield, bio-physical characteristics, economics and agronomic practices were studied in 2007-10 followed by the characteristics of each cultivar such as size/color/taste of the seed/fruit/tuber, nutrition value, and resistance to pests/insects/pathogens/water stress. Participatory research with farmers revealed that agricultural biodiversity can longer be protected because of fast invasion of monoculture-based farming systems in mountains, which is indirectly linked with growing unsustainable consumerism. Analysis in context of consumer-commodity relationships indicated that the consumer preference of lucrative foods has led to absence of market for food grains, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables of traditional cultivars in most of low-altitude mountain areas. As a result the monoculture with chemical farming has succeeded and the farm diversity declined. Changing pattern in consumerism is believed to have affected negatively the farmers’ behaviour of growing the traditional cultivars of genetically-superior food crops. Can the green consumerism reverse the trend of erosion of agrobiodiversity, and provide the farmers with incentives of continuing to grow multiple crops with traditional varieties? Literature on green consumerism shows that there is a potential demand for products of traditional cultivars in new emergent economies including India, though the current food market is not responding to fully meet the needs and preferences of eco-friendly consumers. Product labeling, certification and quality control are some issues that diffuse the responsible consumers, thus causing setback to very market for products of traditional cultivars. This paper so recommends that by developing compulsory or voluntary labeling and certification to enhance information for potential green consumers about the products of traditional cultivars and by setting low-cost marketing channels to transfer premium price back to farmers could help farmers to sustain the adoption of traditional cultivars as against modern varieties. It would help conserve in situ the agrobiodiversity in Himalayan mountains, and to maintain resilience of agro-ecosystems for mitigation of the effects of climate change. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/grassroots-chambaseminar-121020035620-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> In high altitudes of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, about 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean are better adapted to the local agro-climatic conditions in comparison to the HYVs. Abundance, sown area, cultivation history, yield, bio-physical characteristics, economics and agronomic practices were studied in 2007-10 followed by the characteristics of each cultivar such as size/color/taste of the seed/fruit/tuber, nutrition value, and resistance to pests/insects/pathogens/water stress. Participatory research with farmers revealed that agricultural biodiversity can longer be protected because of fast invasion of monoculture-based farming systems in mountains, which is indirectly linked with growing unsustainable consumerism. Analysis in context of consumer-commodity relationships indicated that the consumer preference of lucrative foods has led to absence of market for food grains, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables of traditional cultivars in most of low-altitude mountain areas. As a result the monoculture with chemical farming has succeeded and the farm diversity declined. Changing pattern in consumerism is believed to have affected negatively the farmers’ behaviour of growing the traditional cultivars of genetically-superior food crops. Can the green consumerism reverse the trend of erosion of agrobiodiversity, and provide the farmers with incentives of continuing to grow multiple crops with traditional varieties? Literature on green consumerism shows that there is a potential demand for products of traditional cultivars in new emergent economies including India, though the current food market is not responding to fully meet the needs and preferences of eco-friendly consumers. Product labeling, certification and quality control are some issues that diffuse the responsible consumers, thus causing setback to very market for products of traditional cultivars. This paper so recommends that by developing compulsory or voluntary labeling and certification to enhance information for potential green consumers about the products of traditional cultivars and by setting low-cost marketing channels to transfer premium price back to farmers could help farmers to sustain the adoption of traditional cultivars as against modern varieties. It would help conserve in situ the agrobiodiversity in Himalayan mountains, and to maintain resilience of agro-ecosystems for mitigation of the effects of climate change.

Linkages of Green Consumerism with Agrobiodiversity Conservation in Himalayan Mountains from Hasrat Arjjumend

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0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-harjjumend-48x48.jpg?cb=1727169187  PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth: 01.01.1968, Sex: Male, Nationality: India, Place of Birth: Meerut, Uttar Pradesh  EDUCATION & TRAINING: BSc Hons, MSc EnvSc, MPhil/MRM, ExeMBA, MCJ, DCAP, CertGHP (WBI), OFRC (Thailand), OAD (Sweden), PhD (contd.)  WORK EXPERIENCE: 20 years  LANGUAGES: Native: Urdu, Hindi; Other – English (excellent), Arabic (basic)  CURRENT ASSOCIATION:  Senior Fellow & Director (Part-time), GRASSROOTS INSTITUTE  AREAS OF PROFESSIONAL INTEREST (DEVELOPMENT ACTION): Rural Development; Natural Resource Management; Livelihoods Development; Women Empowerment; Project Management; Development Communication; Human Rights to Food; Rights of Indigenou www.grassrootsinstitute.in https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/indusriverbasinpaper-hasrat-130119073458-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/indus-river-basin-paper-hasrat/16070120 Indus river basin pape... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/indusriverbasinpaper-hasrat-130119064313-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/new-challenges-of-transboundary-water-conflicts-and-climate-change-for-governance-of-indus-river-basin/16069588 New Challenges of Tran... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hasrat-arjjumend-130103094655-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/environmental-and-social-impacts-of-hydroelectric-dams-in-chamba-district-of-himachal-pradesh/15842143 Environmental and Soci...