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GENECTIC REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA. BY, MAYURA D. JOSHI K. J. SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMMERCE. MSC--PART II--BOTANY PAPER--VI HIERARCHY OF GENE ACTIVATION. MATERNAL GENES. SEGMENTATION GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES. MUTATIONS IN HOMEOTIC GENES. OTHER GENES OF THE EMBRYO. SEX DETERMINATION IN DROSOPHILA. THE HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES OF EMBRYO. Once the segmentation pattern has been determined, a major class of genes called the homeotic (structure-determining) selector genes are activated. This genes specify the identity of each segment including the body part that will develop at metamorphosis. Means this genes are master regulatory genes which specify the types of appendages and other structures that each segment will form. Mutations in homeotic genes produce flies with structures in incorrect places. Homeotic genes control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures. E.g. Where antenna should form, where legs should appear etc. Mutations in Homeotic genes. The homeotic genes have been defined by mutations that affect the development of the fly. That is, homeotic mutations alter the identify of particular segments, transforming them into copies of other segments. The principal pioneer of genetic studies of homeotic mutations is Edward Lewis. More recent molecular analysis has been done in many laboratories, including those of Thomas Kaufman, Walter Gehring, William McGinnis, Matthew Scott, and Welcome Bender. Lewis’s pioneering studies were on a cluster of homeotic genes called the bithorax complex (BX-C). BX-C determines the posterior identity of the fly, namely, thoracic segment T3 and abdominal segments AI-A8. BX-C contains three genes called Ultrabithorax (Ubx), Abdominal-A (Abd-A), and Abdominal-B (Abd-B). Each of these genes constitutes of one protein-coding transcription unit. Mutations in these homeotic genes often are lethal and the fly typically does not survive. Some nonlethal mutant alleles have been characterized. These nonlethal mutant alleles allow an adult fly to develop. The figure given here, shows the abnormal adult structures that can result from bithorax mutations. A diagram showing the segments of a normal adult fly in the Figure (a); note that the wings are located on segment Thorax 2 (T2). The pair of halteres (rudimentary wings used as balancers in flight) are on segment T3. A photograph of a normal adult fly clearly showing the wings and halteres is presented in Figure (b). Figure (c); shows one type of developmental abnormality that can result from nonlethal homeotic mutations in BX-C.]]>
GENECTIC REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA. BY, MAYURA D. JOSHI K. J. SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMMERCE. MSC--PART II--BOTANY PAPER--VI HIERARCHY OF GENE ACTIVATION. MATERNAL GENES. SEGMENTATION GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES. MUTATIONS IN HOMEOTIC GENES. OTHER GENES OF THE EMBRYO. SEX DETERMINATION IN DROSOPHILA. THE HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES OF EMBRYO. Once the segmentation pattern has been determined, a major class of genes called the homeotic (structure-determining) selector genes are activated. This genes specify the identity of each segment including the body part that will develop at metamorphosis. Means this genes are master regulatory genes which specify the types of appendages and other structures that each segment will form. Mutations in homeotic genes produce flies with structures in incorrect places. Homeotic genes control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures. E.g. Where antenna should form, where legs should appear etc. Mutations in Homeotic genes. The homeotic genes have been defined by mutations that affect the development of the fly. That is, homeotic mutations alter the identify of particular segments, transforming them into copies of other segments. The principal pioneer of genetic studies of homeotic mutations is Edward Lewis. More recent molecular analysis has been done in many laboratories, including those of Thomas Kaufman, Walter Gehring, William McGinnis, Matthew Scott, and Welcome Bender. Lewis’s pioneering studies were on a cluster of homeotic genes called the bithorax complex (BX-C). BX-C determines the posterior identity of the fly, namely, thoracic segment T3 and abdominal segments AI-A8. BX-C contains three genes called Ultrabithorax (Ubx), Abdominal-A (Abd-A), and Abdominal-B (Abd-B). Each of these genes constitutes of one protein-coding transcription unit. Mutations in these homeotic genes often are lethal and the fly typically does not survive. Some nonlethal mutant alleles have been characterized. These nonlethal mutant alleles allow an adult fly to develop. The figure given here, shows the abnormal adult structures that can result from bithorax mutations. A diagram showing the segments of a normal adult fly in the Figure (a); note that the wings are located on segment Thorax 2 (T2). The pair of halteres (rudimentary wings used as balancers in flight) are on segment T3. A photograph of a normal adult fly clearly showing the wings and halteres is presented in Figure (b). Figure (c); shows one type of developmental abnormality that can result from nonlethal homeotic mutations in BX-C.]]> Sat, 14 Feb 2015 01:13:31 GMT /slideshow/bot-msc-part-ii-sem-4201415paper-6mayura-d-joshi/44667718 mayudj29@slideshare.net(mayudj29) Bot msc part ii sem 4_2014-15_paper 6_mayura d. joshi mayudj29 GENECTIC REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA. BY, MAYURA D. JOSHI K. J. SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMMERCE. MSC--PART II--BOTANY PAPER--VI HIERARCHY OF GENE ACTIVATION. MATERNAL GENES. SEGMENTATION GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES. MUTATIONS IN HOMEOTIC GENES. OTHER GENES OF THE EMBRYO. SEX DETERMINATION IN DROSOPHILA. THE HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES OF EMBRYO. Once the segmentation pattern has been determined, a major class of genes called the homeotic (structure-determining) selector genes are activated. This genes specify the identity of each segment including the body part that will develop at metamorphosis. Means this genes are master regulatory genes which specify the types of appendages and other structures that each segment will form. Mutations in homeotic genes produce flies with structures in incorrect places. Homeotic genes control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures. E.g. Where antenna should form, where legs should appear etc. Mutations in Homeotic genes. The homeotic genes have been defined by mutations that affect the development of the fly. That is, homeotic mutations alter the identify of particular segments, transforming them into copies of other segments. The principal pioneer of genetic studies of homeotic mutations is Edward Lewis. More recent molecular analysis has been done in many laboratories, including those of Thomas Kaufman, Walter Gehring, William McGinnis, Matthew Scott, and Welcome Bender. Lewis’s pioneering studies were on a cluster of homeotic genes called the bithorax complex (BX-C). BX-C determines the posterior identity of the fly, namely, thoracic segment T3 and abdominal segments AI-A8. BX-C contains three genes called Ultrabithorax (Ubx), Abdominal-A (Abd-A), and Abdominal-B (Abd-B). Each of these genes constitutes of one protein-coding transcription unit. Mutations in these homeotic genes often are lethal and the fly typically does not survive. Some nonlethal mutant alleles have been characterized. These nonlethal mutant alleles allow an adult fly to develop. The figure given here, shows the abnormal adult structures that can result from bithorax mutations. A diagram showing the segments of a normal adult fly in the Figure (a); note that the wings are located on segment Thorax 2 (T2). The pair of halteres (rudimentary wings used as balancers in flight) are on segment T3. A photograph of a normal adult fly clearly showing the wings and halteres is presented in Figure (b). Figure (c); shows one type of developmental abnormality that can result from nonlethal homeotic mutations in BX-C. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/botmscpartiisem42014-15paper6mayurad-150214011331-conversion-gate02-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> GENECTIC REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA. BY, MAYURA D. JOSHI K. J. SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMMERCE. MSC--PART II--BOTANY PAPER--VI HIERARCHY OF GENE ACTIVATION. MATERNAL GENES. SEGMENTATION GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC GENES OF EMBRYO. HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES. MUTATIONS IN HOMEOTIC GENES. OTHER GENES OF THE EMBRYO. SEX DETERMINATION IN DROSOPHILA. THE HOMEOTIC SELECTOR GENES OF EMBRYO. Once the segmentation pattern has been determined, a major class of genes called the homeotic (structure-determining) selector genes are activated. This genes specify the identity of each segment including the body part that will develop at metamorphosis. Means this genes are master regulatory genes which specify the types of appendages and other structures that each segment will form. Mutations in homeotic genes produce flies with structures in incorrect places. Homeotic genes control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures. E.g. Where antenna should form, where legs should appear etc. Mutations in Homeotic genes. The homeotic genes have been defined by mutations that affect the development of the fly. That is, homeotic mutations alter the identify of particular segments, transforming them into copies of other segments. The principal pioneer of genetic studies of homeotic mutations is Edward Lewis. More recent molecular analysis has been done in many laboratories, including those of Thomas Kaufman, Walter Gehring, William McGinnis, Matthew Scott, and Welcome Bender. Lewis’s pioneering studies were on a cluster of homeotic genes called the bithorax complex (BX-C). BX-C determines the posterior identity of the fly, namely, thoracic segment T3 and abdominal segments AI-A8. BX-C contains three genes called Ultrabithorax (Ubx), Abdominal-A (Abd-A), and Abdominal-B (Abd-B). Each of these genes constitutes of one protein-coding transcription unit. Mutations in these homeotic genes often are lethal and the fly typically does not survive. Some nonlethal mutant alleles have been characterized. These nonlethal mutant alleles allow an adult fly to develop. The figure given here, shows the abnormal adult structures that can result from bithorax mutations. A diagram showing the segments of a normal adult fly in the Figure (a); note that the wings are located on segment Thorax 2 (T2). The pair of halteres (rudimentary wings used as balancers in flight) are on segment T3. A photograph of a normal adult fly clearly showing the wings and halteres is presented in Figure (b). Figure (c); shows one type of developmental abnormality that can result from nonlethal homeotic mutations in BX-C.
Bot msc part ii sem 4_2014-15_paper 6_mayura d. joshi from Mayura Joshi
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