�ݺ�ߣshows by User: niteejain

�ݺ�ߣshows by User: niteejain / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif �ݺ�ߣshows by User: niteejain / Mon, 09 Mar 2015 14:06:53 GMT �ݺ�ߣShare feed for �ݺ�ߣshows by User: niteejain Etf /niteejain/etf-45623029 etf-150309140653-conversion-gate01
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is an investment fund traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks. An ETF holds assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds, and trades close to its net asset value over the course of the trading day. Most ETFs track an index, such as a stock index or bond index. ETFs may be attractive as investments because of their low costs, tax efficiency, and stock-like features. ETFs are the most popular type of exchange-traded product. An ETF combines the valuation feature of a mutual fund or stock, which can be bought or sold at the end of each trading day for its net asset value, with the tradability feature of a closed-end fund, which trades throughout the trading day at prices that may be more or less than its net asset value. Closed-end funds are not considered to be ETFs, even though they are funds and are traded on an exchange. Only authorized participants, which are large broker-dealers that have entered into agreements with the ETF's distributor, actually buy or sell shares of an ETF directly from or to the ETF, and then only in creation units, which are large blocks of tens of thousands of ETF shares, usually exchanged in-kind with baskets of the underlying securities. Authorized participants may wish to invest in the ETF shares for the long-term, but they usually act as market makers on the open market, using their ability to exchange creation units with their underlying securities to provide liquidity of the ETF shares and help ensure that their intraday market price approximates the net asset value of the underlying assets. Other investors, such as individuals using a retail broker, trade ETF shares on this secondary market]]>
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is an investment fund traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks. An ETF holds assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds, and trades close to its net asset value over the course of the trading day. Most ETFs track an index, such as a stock index or bond index. ETFs may be attractive as investments because of their low costs, tax efficiency, and stock-like features. ETFs are the most popular type of exchange-traded product. An ETF combines the valuation feature of a mutual fund or stock, which can be bought or sold at the end of each trading day for its net asset value, with the tradability feature of a closed-end fund, which trades throughout the trading day at prices that may be more or less than its net asset value. Closed-end funds are not considered to be ETFs, even though they are funds and are traded on an exchange. Only authorized participants, which are large broker-dealers that have entered into agreements with the ETF's distributor, actually buy or sell shares of an ETF directly from or to the ETF, and then only in creation units, which are large blocks of tens of thousands of ETF shares, usually exchanged in-kind with baskets of the underlying securities. Authorized participants may wish to invest in the ETF shares for the long-term, but they usually act as market makers on the open market, using their ability to exchange creation units with their underlying securities to provide liquidity of the ETF shares and help ensure that their intraday market price approximates the net asset value of the underlying assets. Other investors, such as individuals using a retail broker, trade ETF shares on this secondary market]]> Mon, 09 Mar 2015 14:06:53 GMT /niteejain/etf-45623029 niteejain@slideshare.net(niteejain) Etf niteejain An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is an investment fund traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks. An ETF holds assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds, and trades close to its net asset value over the course of the trading day. Most ETFs track an index, such as a stock index or bond index. ETFs may be attractive as investments because of their low costs, tax efficiency, and stock-like features. ETFs are the most popular type of exchange-traded product. An ETF combines the valuation feature of a mutual fund or stock, which can be bought or sold at the end of each trading day for its net asset value, with the tradability feature of a closed-end fund, which trades throughout the trading day at prices that may be more or less than its net asset value. Closed-end funds are not considered to be ETFs, even though they are funds and are traded on an exchange. Only authorized participants, which are large broker-dealers that have entered into agreements with the ETF's distributor, actually buy or sell shares of an ETF directly from or to the ETF, and then only in creation units, which are large blocks of tens of thousands of ETF shares, usually exchanged in-kind with baskets of the underlying securities. Authorized participants may wish to invest in the ETF shares for the long-term, but they usually act as market makers on the open market, using their ability to exchange creation units with their underlying securities to provide liquidity of the ETF shares and help ensure that their intraday market price approximates the net asset value of the underlying assets. Other investors, such as individuals using a retail broker, trade ETF shares on this secondary market <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/etf-150309140653-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /><br> An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is an investment fund traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks. An ETF holds assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds, and trades close to its net asset value over the course of the trading day. Most ETFs track an index, such as a stock index or bond index. ETFs may be attractive as investments because of their low costs, tax efficiency, and stock-like features. ETFs are the most popular type of exchange-traded product. An ETF combines the valuation feature of a mutual fund or stock, which can be bought or sold at the end of each trading day for its net asset value, with the tradability feature of a closed-end fund, which trades throughout the trading day at prices that may be more or less than its net asset value. Closed-end funds are not considered to be ETFs, even though they are funds and are traded on an exchange. Only authorized participants, which are large broker-dealers that have entered into agreements with the ETF's distributor, actually buy or sell shares of an ETF directly from or to the ETF, and then only in creation units, which are large blocks of tens of thousands of ETF shares, usually exchanged in-kind with baskets of the underlying securities. Authorized participants may wish to invest in the ETF shares for the long-term, but they usually act as market makers on the open market, using their ability to exchange creation units with their underlying securities to provide liquidity of the ETF shares and help ensure that their intraday market price approximates the net asset value of the underlying assets. Other investors, such as individuals using a retail broker, trade ETF shares on this secondary market

Etf from Sonal Jain

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0 7P's of retailing /slideshow/7ps-of-retailing/45622616 service-150309135804-conversion-gate01
1. Product Retailers must have the right assortment of products and sell them in a manner compatible with their marketing view retailers must decide on the number of assortments in the store and the number of products in each range. In addition, they must select the quality of the articles within each category, decide on pricing policy. Finally, retailers must determine if the assortments should generally be stable over time 2. Price A price strategy should reflect the company's own objectives and be related to the sales and profit. The goals to be achieved can be established as income and/ or volume units. a) Market penetration pricing strategy is used when the retailer wishes to acquire revenue by setting a low price and selling a large number of product units. b) High price strategy is used by the company to attract customers who are not concerned about the price, but the service and prestige. Usually the strategy does not maximize sales, but brings great profit per unit. c) Cost-oriented pricing strategy The retailer sets the price, adding the operating expenses and desired profit to the cost per unit. The difference between the merchandise cost and the selling price is the trade margin. With a variable margin policy, retailers adjust the margins on merchandise categories. d) The strategy of prices adjustment to market conditions The retailer may adjust prices according to the demand or market segment. The best example of adapting the retailer prices from Romania to the market demand are represented by some food prices (oil, sugar, flour) and durable goods prices (electronics, appliances, cars) in 2008. e) Competition-oriented price strategy A retailer can use competition prices as guide. A company may not modify prices if there have been changes in demand or costs, if they are not modified by competition. Similarly, a firm may change its prices if the competition changes them, even if there have not been changes in demand or costs. 3. Place Some specialists substituted in the literature the term "distribution channel" with "marketing channel” This change aims to emphasize the role of intermediaries in the distribution process, to create value for users or consumers, adding the utility of form, possession, time and place. In addition, the role of marketing channels is not only to participate in demand satisfaction by offering goods and services, but it also requires active participation to stimulate demand through information, creating proximity and promotion developed by members of the economic units network that form the channel. The product must be available at the right place (Product category), at the right time (time you sell your product), and in the right quantity (enough stock). 4. Promotion Some specialists considers that the role of the promotion policy in the retail business is to attract potential consumers (creating traffic in store) to convert visitors into consumers and to retain buye]]>
1. Product Retailers must have the right assortment of products and sell them in a manner compatible with their marketing view retailers must decide on the number of assortments in the store and the number of products in each range. In addition, they must select the quality of the articles within each category, decide on pricing policy. Finally, retailers must determine if the assortments should generally be stable over time 2. Price A price strategy should reflect the company's own objectives and be related to the sales and profit. The goals to be achieved can be established as income and/ or volume units. a) Market penetration pricing strategy is used when the retailer wishes to acquire revenue by setting a low price and selling a large number of product units. b) High price strategy is used by the company to attract customers who are not concerned about the price, but the service and prestige. Usually the strategy does not maximize sales, but brings great profit per unit. c) Cost-oriented pricing strategy The retailer sets the price, adding the operating expenses and desired profit to the cost per unit. The difference between the merchandise cost and the selling price is the trade margin. With a variable margin policy, retailers adjust the margins on merchandise categories. d) The strategy of prices adjustment to market conditions The retailer may adjust prices according to the demand or market segment. The best example of adapting the retailer prices from Romania to the market demand are represented by some food prices (oil, sugar, flour) and durable goods prices (electronics, appliances, cars) in 2008. e) Competition-oriented price strategy A retailer can use competition prices as guide. A company may not modify prices if there have been changes in demand or costs, if they are not modified by competition. Similarly, a firm may change its prices if the competition changes them, even if there have not been changes in demand or costs. 3. Place Some specialists substituted in the literature the term "distribution channel" with "marketing channel” This change aims to emphasize the role of intermediaries in the distribution process, to create value for users or consumers, adding the utility of form, possession, time and place. In addition, the role of marketing channels is not only to participate in demand satisfaction by offering goods and services, but it also requires active participation to stimulate demand through information, creating proximity and promotion developed by members of the economic units network that form the channel. The product must be available at the right place (Product category), at the right time (time you sell your product), and in the right quantity (enough stock). 4. Promotion Some specialists considers that the role of the promotion policy in the retail business is to attract potential consumers (creating traffic in store) to convert visitors into consumers and to retain buye]]> Mon, 09 Mar 2015 13:58:03 GMT /slideshow/7ps-of-retailing/45622616 niteejain@slideshare.net(niteejain) 7P's of retailing niteejain 1. Product Retailers must have the right assortment of products and sell them in a manner compatible with their marketing view retailers must decide on the number of assortments in the store and the number of products in each range. In addition, they must select the quality of the articles within each category, decide on pricing policy. Finally, retailers must determine if the assortments should generally be stable over time 2. Price A price strategy should reflect the company's own objectives and be related to the sales and profit. The goals to be achieved can be established as income and/ or volume units. a) Market penetration pricing strategy is used when the retailer wishes to acquire revenue by setting a low price and selling a large number of product units. b) High price strategy is used by the company to attract customers who are not concerned about the price, but the service and prestige. Usually the strategy does not maximize sales, but brings great profit per unit. c) Cost-oriented pricing strategy The retailer sets the price, adding the operating expenses and desired profit to the cost per unit. The difference between the merchandise cost and the selling price is the trade margin. With a variable margin policy, retailers adjust the margins on merchandise categories. d) The strategy of prices adjustment to market conditions The retailer may adjust prices according to the demand or market segment. The best example of adapting the retailer prices from Romania to the market demand are represented by some food prices (oil, sugar, flour) and durable goods prices (electronics, appliances, cars) in 2008. e) Competition-oriented price strategy A retailer can use competition prices as guide. A company may not modify prices if there have been changes in demand or costs, if they are not modified by competition. Similarly, a firm may change its prices if the competition changes them, even if there have not been changes in demand or costs. 3. Place Some specialists substituted in the literature the term "distribution channel" with "marketing channel” This change aims to emphasize the role of intermediaries in the distribution process, to create value for users or consumers, adding the utility of form, possession, time and place. In addition, the role of marketing channels is not only to participate in demand satisfaction by offering goods and services, but it also requires active participation to stimulate demand through information, creating proximity and promotion developed by members of the economic units network that form the channel. The product must be available at the right place (Product category), at the right time (time you sell your product), and in the right quantity (enough stock). 4. Promotion Some specialists considers that the role of the promotion policy in the retail business is to attract potential consumers (creating traffic in store) to convert visitors into consumers and to retain buye <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/service-150309135804-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /><br> 1. Product Retailers must have the right assortment of products and sell them in a manner compatible with their marketing view retailers must decide on the number of assortments in the store and the number of products in each range. In addition, they must select the quality of the articles within each category, decide on pricing policy. Finally, retailers must determine if the assortments should generally be stable over time 2. Price A price strategy should reflect the company's own objectives and be related to the sales and profit. The goals to be achieved can be established as income and/ or volume units. a) Market penetration pricing strategy is used when the retailer wishes to acquire revenue by setting a low price and selling a large number of product units. b) High price strategy is used by the company to attract customers who are not concerned about the price, but the service and prestige. Usually the strategy does not maximize sales, but brings great profit per unit. c) Cost-oriented pricing strategy The retailer sets the price, adding the operating expenses and desired profit to the cost per unit. The difference between the merchandise cost and the selling price is the trade margin. With a variable margin policy, retailers adjust the margins on merchandise categories. d) The strategy of prices adjustment to market conditions The retailer may adjust prices according to the demand or market segment. The best example of adapting the retailer prices from Romania to the market demand are represented by some food prices (oil, sugar, flour) and durable goods prices (electronics, appliances, cars) in 2008. e) Competition-oriented price strategy A retailer can use competition prices as guide. A company may not modify prices if there have been changes in demand or costs, if they are not modified by competition. Similarly, a firm may change its prices if the competition changes them, even if there have not been changes in demand or costs. 3. Place Some specialists substituted in the literature the term "distribution channel" with "marketing channel” This change aims to emphasize the role of intermediaries in the distribution process, to create value for users or consumers, adding the utility of form, possession, time and place. In addition, the role of marketing channels is not only to participate in demand satisfaction by offering goods and services, but it also requires active participation to stimulate demand through information, creating proximity and promotion developed by members of the economic units network that form the channel. The product must be available at the right place (Product category), at the right time (time you sell your product), and in the right quantity (enough stock). 4. Promotion Some specialists considers that the role of the promotion policy in the retail business is to attract potential consumers (creating traffic in store) to convert visitors into consumers and to retain buye

7P's of retailing from Sonal Jain

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0 https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/profile-picture.png https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/etf-150309140653-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds niteejain/etf-45623029 Etf https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/service-150309135804-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/7ps-of-retailing/45622616 7P's of retailing