際際滷shows by User: shifafarman / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif 際際滷shows by User: shifafarman / Sun, 08 Mar 2015 06:51:07 GMT 際際滷Share feed for 際際滷shows by User: shifafarman Orthopantomogram /slideshow/orthopantomogram/45570050 orthopantomogra1-150308065107-conversion-gate01
orthopantomogram]]>
orthopantomogram]]> Sun, 08 Mar 2015 06:51:07 GMT /slideshow/orthopantomogram/45570050 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Orthopantomogram shifafarman orthopantomogram <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/orthopantomogra1-150308065107-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> orthopantomogram
Orthopantomogram from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 9181 4 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/orthopantomogra1-150308065107-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds document Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Osmf /slideshow/osmf-45569964/45569964 osmf-150308064518-conversion-gate01
oral submucous fibrosis]]>
oral submucous fibrosis]]> Sun, 08 Mar 2015 06:45:18 GMT /slideshow/osmf-45569964/45569964 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Osmf shifafarman oral submucous fibrosis <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/osmf-150308064518-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> oral submucous fibrosis
Osmf from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 2102 2 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/osmf-150308064518-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation 000000 http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 periodontal flap techniques /slideshow/periodontal-flap-techniques/45567366 perioflapssss-150308033218-conversion-gate01
periodontal flap and its surgical techniques periodontal pack]]>
periodontal flap and its surgical techniques periodontal pack]]> Sun, 08 Mar 2015 03:32:18 GMT /slideshow/periodontal-flap-techniques/45567366 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) periodontal flap techniques shifafarman periodontal flap and its surgical techniques periodontal pack <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/perioflapssss-150308033218-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> periodontal flap and its surgical techniques periodontal pack
periodontal flap techniques from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 10692 5 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/perioflapssss-150308033218-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation 000000 http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Medical emergencies /slideshow/medical-emergencies-45567247/45567247 medicalemergencies-150308032359-conversion-gate01
medical emergencies in pediatric dental office by s. shifaya nasrin]]>
medical emergencies in pediatric dental office by s. shifaya nasrin]]> Sun, 08 Mar 2015 03:23:59 GMT /slideshow/medical-emergencies-45567247/45567247 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Medical emergencies shifafarman medical emergencies in pediatric dental office by s. shifaya nasrin <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/medicalemergencies-150308032359-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> medical emergencies in pediatric dental office by s. shifaya nasrin
Medical emergencies from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 23782 23 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/medicalemergencies-150308032359-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation 000000 http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Role of biomarkers and chemopreventives in oral carcinogenesis /slideshow/role-of-biomarkers-and-chemopreventives-in-oral-carcinogenesis-45567105/45567105 roleofbiomarkersandchemopreventivesinoralcarcinogenesis-150308031515-conversion-gate01
ROLE OF BIOMARKERS AND CHEMOPREVENTIVES IN ORAL CARCINOGENESIS BY DR.S.SHIFAYA NASRIN]]>
ROLE OF BIOMARKERS AND CHEMOPREVENTIVES IN ORAL CARCINOGENESIS BY DR.S.SHIFAYA NASRIN]]> Sun, 08 Mar 2015 03:15:15 GMT /slideshow/role-of-biomarkers-and-chemopreventives-in-oral-carcinogenesis-45567105/45567105 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Role of biomarkers and chemopreventives in oral carcinogenesis shifafarman ROLE OF BIOMARKERS AND CHEMOPREVENTIVES IN ORAL CARCINOGENESIS BY DR.S.SHIFAYA NASRIN <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/roleofbiomarkersandchemopreventivesinoralcarcinogenesis-150308031515-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> ROLE OF BIOMARKERS AND CHEMOPREVENTIVES IN ORAL CARCINOGENESIS BY DR.S.SHIFAYA NASRIN
Role of biomarkers and chemopreventives in oral carcinogenesis from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 1667 6 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/roleofbiomarkersandchemopreventivesinoralcarcinogenesis-150308031515-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation 000000 http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Role of biomarkers and chemopreventives in oral carcinogenesis /slideshow/role-of-biomarkers-and-chemopreventives-in-oral-carcinogenesis/45567086 roleofbiomarkersandchemopreventivesinoralcarcinogenesis-150308031319-conversion-gate01
]]>
]]> Sun, 08 Mar 2015 03:13:19 GMT /slideshow/role-of-biomarkers-and-chemopreventives-in-oral-carcinogenesis/45567086 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Role of biomarkers and chemopreventives in oral carcinogenesis shifafarman <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/roleofbiomarkersandchemopreventivesinoralcarcinogenesis-150308031319-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br>
Role of biomarkers and chemopreventives in oral carcinogenesis from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 488 2 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/roleofbiomarkersandchemopreventivesinoralcarcinogenesis-150308031319-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Teledentistry /slideshow/teledentistry/45366522 teledentistry-150303055513-conversion-gate01
presentation about teledentistry]]>
presentation about teledentistry]]> Tue, 03 Mar 2015 05:55:12 GMT /slideshow/teledentistry/45366522 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Teledentistry shifafarman presentation about teledentistry <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/teledentistry-150303055513-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> presentation about teledentistry
Teledentistry from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 8819 7 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/teledentistry-150303055513-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation 000000 http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Upper airway and cranial morphology /slideshow/upper-airway-and-cranial-morphology/45365865 upperairway-150303053854-conversion-gate01
upper airway , cranial morphology description diagnosis pathology]]>
upper airway , cranial morphology description diagnosis pathology]]> Tue, 03 Mar 2015 05:38:54 GMT /slideshow/upper-airway-and-cranial-morphology/45365865 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Upper airway and cranial morphology shifafarman upper airway , cranial morphology description diagnosis pathology <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/upperairway-150303053854-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> upper airway , cranial morphology description diagnosis pathology
Upper airway and cranial morphology from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 3935 8 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/upperairway-150303053854-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation 000000 http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Pressable ceramics /shifafarman/pressable-ceramics prssableceramics-150303013821-conversion-gate01
brief description about pressable ceramicsCONTENTS: Introduction Definition For Dental Ceramics Definition For Pressable Ceramics History Various All Ceramic Systems Classification Pressable Ceramics History Generation Of Pressable Ceramics Cerestore Development Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage 2 3. IPS Empress - Materials And Composition Special Furnace Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage IPS Empress 2- INDICATION Properties Fabrication Method Advantage Disadvantage IPS Emax Press - Microstructure Composition Properties OPC 3G- Development Indication Properties 3 4. INTRODUCTION There have been significant TECHNOLOGICAL advances in the field of dental ceramics over the last 10 years which have made a corresponding increase in the number of materials available. Improvements in strength, clinical performance, and longevity have made all ceramic restorations more popular and more predictable 4 5. DEFINITION FOR DENTAL CERAMICS An inorganic compound with non metallic properties typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi metallic elements (e.g ;Aluminium, Calcium, Lithium, Mangnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Silicon, Tin , Titanium And Zirconium)that is formulated to produce the whole or part of a ceramic based dental prosthesis 5 6. DEFINITION FOR PRESSABLE CERAMICS A ceramic that can be heated to a specified temperature and forced under pressure to fill a cavity in a refractory mold 6 7. HISTORY OF DENTAL CERAMICS 1789-first porcelain tooth material by a French dentist De Chemant 1774- mineral paste teeth by Duchateau in England 1808-terrometallic porcelain teeth by Italian dentist Fonzi 1817- Planteu introduced porcelain teeth in US 1837- Ash developed improved version of porcelain teeth 7 8. 1903 Dr.Charless introduced ceramic crowns in dentistry he fabricate ceramic crown using platinum foil matrix and high fusing feldspathic porcelain excellent esthetics but low flexural strength resulted in failure 1965- dental aluminous core Porcelain by Mclean and Huges 1984- Dicor by Adair and Grossman 8 9. 9 10. VARIOUS ALL CERAMIC SYSTEMS Aluminous core ceramics Slip cast ceramics Heat pressed ceramics Machined ceramics Machined and sintered ceramics Metal reinforced system 10 11. MICROSTRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION Category 1: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) Category 2: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) with fillers usually crystalline (typically leucite or a different high-fusing glass) a) Low-to-moderate leucite-]]>
brief description about pressable ceramicsCONTENTS: Introduction Definition For Dental Ceramics Definition For Pressable Ceramics History Various All Ceramic Systems Classification Pressable Ceramics History Generation Of Pressable Ceramics Cerestore Development Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage 2 3. IPS Empress - Materials And Composition Special Furnace Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage IPS Empress 2- INDICATION Properties Fabrication Method Advantage Disadvantage IPS Emax Press - Microstructure Composition Properties OPC 3G- Development Indication Properties 3 4. INTRODUCTION There have been significant TECHNOLOGICAL advances in the field of dental ceramics over the last 10 years which have made a corresponding increase in the number of materials available. Improvements in strength, clinical performance, and longevity have made all ceramic restorations more popular and more predictable 4 5. DEFINITION FOR DENTAL CERAMICS An inorganic compound with non metallic properties typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi metallic elements (e.g ;Aluminium, Calcium, Lithium, Mangnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Silicon, Tin , Titanium And Zirconium)that is formulated to produce the whole or part of a ceramic based dental prosthesis 5 6. DEFINITION FOR PRESSABLE CERAMICS A ceramic that can be heated to a specified temperature and forced under pressure to fill a cavity in a refractory mold 6 7. HISTORY OF DENTAL CERAMICS 1789-first porcelain tooth material by a French dentist De Chemant 1774- mineral paste teeth by Duchateau in England 1808-terrometallic porcelain teeth by Italian dentist Fonzi 1817- Planteu introduced porcelain teeth in US 1837- Ash developed improved version of porcelain teeth 7 8. 1903 Dr.Charless introduced ceramic crowns in dentistry he fabricate ceramic crown using platinum foil matrix and high fusing feldspathic porcelain excellent esthetics but low flexural strength resulted in failure 1965- dental aluminous core Porcelain by Mclean and Huges 1984- Dicor by Adair and Grossman 8 9. 9 10. VARIOUS ALL CERAMIC SYSTEMS Aluminous core ceramics Slip cast ceramics Heat pressed ceramics Machined ceramics Machined and sintered ceramics Metal reinforced system 10 11. MICROSTRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION Category 1: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) Category 2: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) with fillers usually crystalline (typically leucite or a different high-fusing glass) a) Low-to-moderate leucite-]]> Tue, 03 Mar 2015 01:38:21 GMT /shifafarman/pressable-ceramics shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Pressable ceramics shifafarman brief description about pressable ceramicsCONTENTS: Introduction Definition For Dental Ceramics Definition For Pressable Ceramics History Various All Ceramic Systems Classification Pressable Ceramics History Generation Of Pressable Ceramics Cerestore Development Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage 2 3. IPS Empress - Materials And Composition Special Furnace Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage IPS Empress 2- INDICATION Properties Fabrication Method Advantage Disadvantage IPS Emax Press - Microstructure Composition Properties OPC 3G- Development Indication Properties 3 4. INTRODUCTION There have been significant TECHNOLOGICAL advances in the field of dental ceramics over the last 10 years which have made a corresponding increase in the number of materials available. Improvements in strength, clinical performance, and longevity have made all ceramic restorations more popular and more predictable 4 5. DEFINITION FOR DENTAL CERAMICS An inorganic compound with non metallic properties typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi metallic elements (e.g ;Aluminium, Calcium, Lithium, Mangnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Silicon, Tin , Titanium And Zirconium)that is formulated to produce the whole or part of a ceramic based dental prosthesis 5 6. DEFINITION FOR PRESSABLE CERAMICS A ceramic that can be heated to a specified temperature and forced under pressure to fill a cavity in a refractory mold 6 7. HISTORY OF DENTAL CERAMICS 1789-first porcelain tooth material by a French dentist De Chemant 1774- mineral paste teeth by Duchateau in England 1808-terrometallic porcelain teeth by Italian dentist Fonzi 1817- Planteu introduced porcelain teeth in US 1837- Ash developed improved version of porcelain teeth 7 8. 1903 Dr.Charless introduced ceramic crowns in dentistry he fabricate ceramic crown using platinum foil matrix and high fusing feldspathic porcelain excellent esthetics but low flexural strength resulted in failure 1965- dental aluminous core Porcelain by Mclean and Huges 1984- Dicor by Adair and Grossman 8 9. 9 10. VARIOUS ALL CERAMIC SYSTEMS Aluminous core ceramics Slip cast ceramics Heat pressed ceramics Machined ceramics Machined and sintered ceramics Metal reinforced system 10 11. MICROSTRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION Category 1: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) Category 2: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) with fillers usually crystalline (typically leucite or a different high-fusing glass) a) Low-to-moderate leucite- <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/prssableceramics-150303013821-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> brief description about pressable ceramicsCONTENTS: Introduction Definition For Dental Ceramics Definition For Pressable Ceramics History Various All Ceramic Systems Classification Pressable Ceramics History Generation Of Pressable Ceramics Cerestore Development Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage 2 3. IPS Empress - Materials And Composition Special Furnace Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage IPS Empress 2- INDICATION Properties Fabrication Method Advantage Disadvantage IPS Emax Press - Microstructure Composition Properties OPC 3G- Development Indication Properties 3 4. INTRODUCTION There have been significant TECHNOLOGICAL advances in the field of dental ceramics over the last 10 years which have made a corresponding increase in the number of materials available. Improvements in strength, clinical performance, and longevity have made all ceramic restorations more popular and more predictable 4 5. DEFINITION FOR DENTAL CERAMICS An inorganic compound with non metallic properties typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi metallic elements (e.g ;Aluminium, Calcium, Lithium, Mangnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Silicon, Tin , Titanium And Zirconium)that is formulated to produce the whole or part of a ceramic based dental prosthesis 5 6. DEFINITION FOR PRESSABLE CERAMICS A ceramic that can be heated to a specified temperature and forced under pressure to fill a cavity in a refractory mold 6 7. HISTORY OF DENTAL CERAMICS 1789-first porcelain tooth material by a French dentist De Chemant 1774- mineral paste teeth by Duchateau in England 1808-terrometallic porcelain teeth by Italian dentist Fonzi 1817- Planteu introduced porcelain teeth in US 1837- Ash developed improved version of porcelain teeth 7 8. 1903 Dr.Charless introduced ceramic crowns in dentistry he fabricate ceramic crown using platinum foil matrix and high fusing feldspathic porcelain excellent esthetics but low flexural strength resulted in failure 1965- dental aluminous core Porcelain by Mclean and Huges 1984- Dicor by Adair and Grossman 8 9. 9 10. VARIOUS ALL CERAMIC SYSTEMS Aluminous core ceramics Slip cast ceramics Heat pressed ceramics Machined ceramics Machined and sintered ceramics Metal reinforced system 10 11. MICROSTRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION Category 1: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) Category 2: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) with fillers usually crystalline (typically leucite or a different high-fusing glass) a) Low-to-moderate leucite-
Pressable ceramics from Dr.shifaya nasrin
]]> 20699 9 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/prssableceramics-150303013821-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted 0 Orthopantomogram.ppt /slideshow/orthopantomogramppt/45356263 orthopantomogram-150303011449-conversion-gate01
brief description about CONTENTS Introduction Principles of panoramic imaging Image layer Panoramic machines Panoramic film Patient positioning Interpreting the panoramic imaging INDICATION Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References 3. INTRODUCTION Panoramic imaging also called pantomography is a technique for producing a single tomographic image of facial structures that includes both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures . This is a curvilinear variant of conventional tomography. 4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE FORMATION Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic radiography based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray source and an image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer, in which the OBJECT of image is located. OBJECT in front or behind this image are not clearly captured because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation of the receptor and the x-ray source. 5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography 6. ROTATION CENTER The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier and tube head rotate is termed rotation center Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography Double centre rotation Triple centre rotation moving centre rotation The location and number of rotational centers INFLUENCE size and shape of focal trough 7. IMAGE LAYER Also known as focal trough It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic image. The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those located within image layer. OBJECTSoutside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable. This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used. 8. FOCAL TROUGH 9. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER: Arc path Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head Alignment of x-ray beam Collimator width The location of image layer change with extensive machine used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently suboptimal images are produced. As a position of object is moved within the image layer size and shape of image layer change. 10. PANORAMIC UNIT 11. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B, Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of a digital panoramic system 12. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS a. x-ray tube head b. head positioner: chin rest notched bite block forehead rest lateral head support c. exposure controls 13. X-RAY TUBE HEAD: Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to produce x-rays Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient exposure to radiation 1]]>
brief description about CONTENTS Introduction Principles of panoramic imaging Image layer Panoramic machines Panoramic film Patient positioning Interpreting the panoramic imaging INDICATION Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References 3. INTRODUCTION Panoramic imaging also called pantomography is a technique for producing a single tomographic image of facial structures that includes both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures . This is a curvilinear variant of conventional tomography. 4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE FORMATION Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic radiography based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray source and an image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer, in which the OBJECT of image is located. OBJECT in front or behind this image are not clearly captured because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation of the receptor and the x-ray source. 5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography 6. ROTATION CENTER The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier and tube head rotate is termed rotation center Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography Double centre rotation Triple centre rotation moving centre rotation The location and number of rotational centers INFLUENCE size and shape of focal trough 7. IMAGE LAYER Also known as focal trough It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic image. The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those located within image layer. OBJECTSoutside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable. This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used. 8. FOCAL TROUGH 9. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER: Arc path Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head Alignment of x-ray beam Collimator width The location of image layer change with extensive machine used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently suboptimal images are produced. As a position of object is moved within the image layer size and shape of image layer change. 10. PANORAMIC UNIT 11. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B, Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of a digital panoramic system 12. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS a. x-ray tube head b. head positioner: chin rest notched bite block forehead rest lateral head support c. exposure controls 13. X-RAY TUBE HEAD: Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to produce x-rays Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient exposure to radiation 1]]> Tue, 03 Mar 2015 01:14:49 GMT /slideshow/orthopantomogramppt/45356263 shifafarman@slideshare.net(shifafarman) Orthopantomogram.ppt shifafarman brief description about CONTENTS Introduction Principles of panoramic imaging Image layer Panoramic machines Panoramic film Patient positioning Interpreting the panoramic imaging INDICATION Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References 3. INTRODUCTION Panoramic imaging also called pantomography is a technique for producing a single tomographic image of facial structures that includes both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures . This is a curvilinear variant of conventional tomography. 4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE FORMATION Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic radiography based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray source and an image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer, in which the OBJECT of image is located. OBJECT in front or behind this image are not clearly captured because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation of the receptor and the x-ray source. 5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography 6. ROTATION CENTER The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier and tube head rotate is termed rotation center Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography Double centre rotation Triple centre rotation moving centre rotation The location and number of rotational centers INFLUENCE size and shape of focal trough 7. IMAGE LAYER Also known as focal trough It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic image. The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those located within image layer. OBJECTSoutside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable. This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used. 8. FOCAL TROUGH 9. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER: Arc path Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head Alignment of x-ray beam Collimator width The location of image layer change with extensive machine used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently suboptimal images are produced. As a position of object is moved within the image layer size and shape of image layer change. 10. PANORAMIC UNIT 11. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B, Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of a digital panoramic system 12. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS a. x-ray tube head b. head positioner: chin rest notched bite block forehead rest lateral head support c. exposure controls 13. X-RAY TUBE HEAD: Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to produce x-rays Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient exposure to radiation 1 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/orthopantomogram-150303011449-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&amp;height=120&amp;fit=bounds" /><br> brief description about CONTENTS Introduction Principles of panoramic imaging Image layer Panoramic machines Panoramic film Patient positioning Interpreting the panoramic imaging INDICATION Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References 3. INTRODUCTION Panoramic imaging also called pantomography is a technique for producing a single tomographic image of facial structures that includes both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures . This is a curvilinear variant of conventional tomography. 4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE FORMATION Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic radiography based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray source and an image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer, in which the OBJECT of image is located. OBJECT in front or behind this image are not clearly captured because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation of the receptor and the x-ray source. 5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography 6. ROTATION CENTER The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier and tube head rotate is termed rotation center Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography Double centre rotation Triple centre rotation moving centre rotation The location and number of rotational centers INFLUENCE size and shape of focal trough 7. IMAGE LAYER Also known as focal trough It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic image. The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those located within image layer. OBJECTSoutside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable. This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used. 8. FOCAL TROUGH 9. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER: Arc path Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head Alignment of x-ray beam Collimator width The location of image layer change with extensive machine used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently suboptimal images are produced. As a position of object is moved within the image layer size and shape of image layer change. 10. PANORAMIC UNIT 11. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B, Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of a digital panoramic system 12. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS a. x-ray tube head b. head positioner: chin rest notched bite block forehead rest lateral head support c. exposure controls 13. X-RAY TUBE HEAD: Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to produce x-rays Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient exposure to radiation 1
Orthopantomogram.ppt from Dr.shifaya nasrin
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