3.2 interrogativesen cont
- 1. 油
- 2. Interrogative Sentences Interrogative sentences are used in asking questions: They may ask for information or for confirmation or denial of a statement. They are divided into different types: YES/NO INTERROGATIVES ALTERNATIVE INTERROGATIVES WH - INTERROGATIVES TAG QUESTIONS DECLARATIVE SENTENCES FOLLOWED BY A QUESTION MARK RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
- 3. YES/NO INTERROGATIVES SENTENCES elicit a response which is either yes or no . Do you speak English? Yes I do/ No I dont. Has he contacted you lately? Yes he has/ No he hasn卒t. ALTERNATIVE INTERROGATIVES offer two or more alternative responses: Should I telephone you or send an email? Do you want tea, coffee, o r espresso? Yes/no interrogatives and alternative interrogatives are introduced by an auxiliary verb.
- 4. WH - INTERROGATIVES are introduced by a wh - word, and they elicit an open-ended response: Wh o wrote the novel hundred years of solitude ? Wh ere does Robert live ? Wh at will Robert take to Canada ? Wh en will he return ? Wh y haven't the tulips flowered ? To wh om has John sent a letter ?
- 5. Tag questions (or question tags) are used when seeking confirmation of what one believes to be true. They restate, in question form, the previously spoken sentence. Tag questions are a grammatical structure in which a declarative statement or an imperative is turned into a question by adding an interrogative fragment (the "tag"). In most languages, tag questions are more common in colloquial spoken usage than in formal written usage. They can be an indicator of politeness, emphasis, or irony. They may suggest confidence or lack of confidence ; They may be confrontational or tentative.
- 6. Open the window, will you? She doesn't really want that, does she? You'd better stop now, hadn't you? So you thought it would be a good idea to reprogram the computer, did you? It's quite an achievement, isn't it , to win a Nobel prize! Oh I must, must I? I just adore Beethoven, don't you? I'm coming with you, alright? Easier said than done, eh?
- 7. Structure in tag questions English tag questions may contain a negation, but need not. When there is no special emphasis, the rule of thumb often applies that a positive sentence has a negative tag and viceversa: She is Mexican, isn't she? She's not Mexican, is she? These are sometimes called "balanced tag questions". However, it has been estimated that in normal conversation, as many as 40% of tags break this rule.
- 8. Structure in tag questions (cont.) "Unbalanced tag questions" (positive to positive or negative to negative) may be used for ironic or confrontational effects: Do listen, will you? Oh, I'm lazy, am I? Jack: I refuse to spend Sunday at your mother's house! Jill: Oh you do, do you? We'll see about that! Jack: I just won't go back! Jill: Oh you won't, won't you? This pizza's fine, is it? This pizza's delicious, isn't it? )
- 9. Intonation Since normal English yes/no questions have rising patterns, these tags make a grammatical statement into a real question: You're coming, aren't you? Do listen, will you? Let's have a beer, shall we? The falling pattern is used to underline a statement. The statement itself ends with a falling pattern, and the tag sounds like an echo, strengthening the pattern. Most English tag questions have this falling pattern. He doesn't know what he's doing, does he? This is really boring, isn't it?
- 10. Emphasis English tag questions are normally stressed on the verb, but the stress is on the pronoun if there is a change of person. I don't like to play football, do you ? I like peas, don't you ? This is often a rising tag (especially when the tag contains no negation), or the intonation pattern may be the typically English fall-rise.
- 11. DECLARATIVE SENTENCES in form followed by a question mark. Much used in verbal communication. Rising intonation. The computer is not working? An actor became governor?
- 12. Direct and indirect questions Direct questions normally use inverted word order (verb before subject) and end with a question mark. Is he a student? Where does he live? You need some help? Indirect questions normally do not use inverted word order. Do you know where he is? Can you tell me how I can do this exercise?