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(7th lecture)introduction to rural sociology (101)

M
Marina Hanna

This document discusses rural communities and their characteristics. It provides definitions of rural community from Tonnies and others. It then outlines the key functions of rural communities as economic, socialization, social control, social participation, and mutual support. It describes the major types of rural settlement patterns as line villages, cluster villages, and scattered villages. Finally, it discusses some main features of rural societies as being community-based, religious, family-oriented, and cooperative among members.

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Seventh lecture Rural Community
Rural Community (the village) The community is composed of people in communication, who have common interests or ties. Membership of the community is based on locality ( As long as your residence is at that particular place, you are a member). Community is the place where we live our lives on a day-to- day basis. It is the locality from which we experience the events of the larger world around us. Tonnies, is defined community as, An organic natural kind of social group, whose members are bound together by the sense of belonging, created out of everyday contacts covering the whole range of human activities.
Characteristics of the community We can list out the characteristics of a community as follows: Territory Close and informal relationships Mutuality Common values and beliefs Organized interaction Strong group feeling Cultural similarity
Community Functions Community is that combination of people and social groups which performs the five major functions relevant to a locality: First: Economic functions; Includes production, distribution, and consumption. Some rural communities have their economic base in farming, business, mining, manufacturing, industry and service business. Although most local rural economies include a mix of economic activities, because their base is smaller, they are more likely than urban communities to be dominated by only one type.
Second: Socialization; The major socializing agencies of a society including; the family, schools, peer groups, mass media and religion. It is on the local level that individuals encounter and learn about the culture and the society in which they are raised and live out their lives.
Third: Social control; Social control refers to the sanctions including rewards and /or punishment. The same group that perform the function of socialization are involved with social control, in addition to agencies such law enforcement and government. Together they enforce the norms of society in the local level. Fourth: Social participation; Community members are characterized by participation in human groups with neighbors, friends from the same community.
Fifth: Mutual support; Mutual support refers to more than the normal types of assistance provided among neighbors and friends. It also refers to help provided during times of crises such as emergency medical services and disaster relief. The self-sufficiency of communities varies by how good the five functions are performed. Most individuals in a community are aware of their membership in it. Nearly all communities have a name, and the majority of people living in them identify with this name.
The major type of rural settlement patterns 1) Line village: Farm homes are often located in rows along both sides of the rivers, lacks, or the main road and the farmland extends back long narrow strips.
(7th lecture)introduction to rural sociology (101)
Line village
(7th lecture)introduction to rural sociology (101)
2) Cluster villages: farmers homes are located in the center This type is located most in Africa, Latin America and Asia. In this type of settlements, farmers live in the village and are within walking distance of their lands.
Cluster village
3) Scattered village: The scattered communities are characterized by the farmstead. Farmstead includes the home, the land, livestock farm, and sometimes workers houses. The home is centered a large size of land, the distance between these farmstead is long. This type of settlements is common in USA and Canada.
(7th lecture)introduction to rural sociology (101)
Rural society Rural society is the basic foundation of human life, the keystone of the developmental process and the basic unit of social structure. Villages have been in existence since time immemorial unlike cities which are of more recent origin. village has been a basic and important unit in the organization of social life.
Main Features of Rural Society The Egyptian civilization was one of the great civilizations that had deep-rooted values and persistent traditions. Despite the succession of different political rules, Rural Egyptian people kept their customs and traditions, most of which are still prevalent in daily life and social behaviors . (1) Village is a community The village satisfies all the community member needs in the village. They have a sense of unity and a feeling of amiability towards each other. (2) Village is an institution The development of villages is influenced considerably by the life of the village. Village is a primary institution.
(3) Religiosity Being religious, adherence to religion and acknowledging Gods grace is a common phenomenon in rural Egyptian society. Faith in religion and universal power is found in the life of the villages. The major occupation is agriculture which involves dependence on nature. Farmers worship forces of nature. (4) The importance of family The life of the village is the joint family system. Family has a strict control and administrative powers over the individual. All the members of the family share the burden of the family occupation. In this way of working together the villagers maintain sense of cooperation among themselves. Members of the family respect the judgment and obey the orders of their elders
(5) cooperation among society members One of the most important characteristics of rural Egyptian society since the dawn of civilization is the cooperation among society members, resulting in a sort of allegiance with the authorities to face common dangers. Usually, relatives, family members, and friends congregate in times of hardship, death, or illness. Standing beside the afflicted person and his or her family was an unavoidable duty. The Egyptian was faithful, deplored vice, and held ethics as the standard by which people were appraised.
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(7th lecture)introduction to rural sociology (101)

  • 2. Rural Community (the village) The community is composed of people in communication, who have common interests or ties. Membership of the community is based on locality ( As long as your residence is at that particular place, you are a member). Community is the place where we live our lives on a day-to- day basis. It is the locality from which we experience the events of the larger world around us. Tonnies, is defined community as, An organic natural kind of social group, whose members are bound together by the sense of belonging, created out of everyday contacts covering the whole range of human activities.
  • 3. Characteristics of the community We can list out the characteristics of a community as follows: Territory Close and informal relationships Mutuality Common values and beliefs Organized interaction Strong group feeling Cultural similarity
  • 4. Community Functions Community is that combination of people and social groups which performs the five major functions relevant to a locality: First: Economic functions; Includes production, distribution, and consumption. Some rural communities have their economic base in farming, business, mining, manufacturing, industry and service business. Although most local rural economies include a mix of economic activities, because their base is smaller, they are more likely than urban communities to be dominated by only one type.
  • 5. Second: Socialization; The major socializing agencies of a society including; the family, schools, peer groups, mass media and religion. It is on the local level that individuals encounter and learn about the culture and the society in which they are raised and live out their lives.
  • 6. Third: Social control; Social control refers to the sanctions including rewards and /or punishment. The same group that perform the function of socialization are involved with social control, in addition to agencies such law enforcement and government. Together they enforce the norms of society in the local level. Fourth: Social participation; Community members are characterized by participation in human groups with neighbors, friends from the same community.
  • 7. Fifth: Mutual support; Mutual support refers to more than the normal types of assistance provided among neighbors and friends. It also refers to help provided during times of crises such as emergency medical services and disaster relief. The self-sufficiency of communities varies by how good the five functions are performed. Most individuals in a community are aware of their membership in it. Nearly all communities have a name, and the majority of people living in them identify with this name.
  • 8. The major type of rural settlement patterns 1) Line village: Farm homes are often located in rows along both sides of the rivers, lacks, or the main road and the farmland extends back long narrow strips.
  • 12. 2) Cluster villages: farmers homes are located in the center This type is located most in Africa, Latin America and Asia. In this type of settlements, farmers live in the village and are within walking distance of their lands.
  • 14. 3) Scattered village: The scattered communities are characterized by the farmstead. Farmstead includes the home, the land, livestock farm, and sometimes workers houses. The home is centered a large size of land, the distance between these farmstead is long. This type of settlements is common in USA and Canada.
  • 16. Rural society Rural society is the basic foundation of human life, the keystone of the developmental process and the basic unit of social structure. Villages have been in existence since time immemorial unlike cities which are of more recent origin. village has been a basic and important unit in the organization of social life.
  • 17. Main Features of Rural Society The Egyptian civilization was one of the great civilizations that had deep-rooted values and persistent traditions. Despite the succession of different political rules, Rural Egyptian people kept their customs and traditions, most of which are still prevalent in daily life and social behaviors . (1) Village is a community The village satisfies all the community member needs in the village. They have a sense of unity and a feeling of amiability towards each other. (2) Village is an institution The development of villages is influenced considerably by the life of the village. Village is a primary institution.
  • 18. (3) Religiosity Being religious, adherence to religion and acknowledging Gods grace is a common phenomenon in rural Egyptian society. Faith in religion and universal power is found in the life of the villages. The major occupation is agriculture which involves dependence on nature. Farmers worship forces of nature. (4) The importance of family The life of the village is the joint family system. Family has a strict control and administrative powers over the individual. All the members of the family share the burden of the family occupation. In this way of working together the villagers maintain sense of cooperation among themselves. Members of the family respect the judgment and obey the orders of their elders
  • 19. (5) cooperation among society members One of the most important characteristics of rural Egyptian society since the dawn of civilization is the cooperation among society members, resulting in a sort of allegiance with the authorities to face common dangers. Usually, relatives, family members, and friends congregate in times of hardship, death, or illness. Standing beside the afflicted person and his or her family was an unavoidable duty. The Egyptian was faithful, deplored vice, and held ethics as the standard by which people were appraised.