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A Carbon Conservation Corps for Mobile Biochar Production

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Kelpie Wilson
Kelpie Wilson

We already employ large hand crews in the dangerous work of fire fighting. We could use this labor to reduce fire danger by thinning overcrowded plantations, and improve forest soils by adding biochar, while sequestering carbon from the atmosphere.

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ACARBON CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) FOR MOBILE BIOCHAR PRODUCTION Kelpie Wilson Wilson Biochar Associates
Natchez Fire, Rogue Siskiyou NF Ignition, July 15, 2018 Aug 1, the view from my deck
View from my deck: October 2009. Smoke fills the air from hundreds of burning slash piles fuels reduction project.
Jackpot piles burn hot & complete Tight piles dont fall apart Burn hot in the center Burn completely to ash Generate smoke Burn forest soil
Burn pile scars are long-lasting Is there another way to treat problem fuels?
Bottom Lit vs. Top Lit Burn Pile Conventional: Flame under cold biomass makes smoke Top Lit: Light on top heat transfers to pile by radiation Flame on top burns smoke
1. Light it on top 2. Quench with water to save char
A Carbon Conservation Corps for Mobile Biochar Production
Flame Carbonization Making biochar in an open flame Biomass burns in 3 stages. To make char, stop the process before it goes to ash
For greater efficiency: Flame Cap Kiln Pan excludes air from the bottom Flame on top uses up all the oxygen and burns the smoke Char is protected from air and does not burn
Can be any shape pit, pyramid, cone, ring, trench, box
Design Parameters - the Oregon Kiln Sized for feedstock Logs 4 to 5 feet long Up to 6 diameter Portable but durable Less than 200 lbs 14 gauge steel Ergonomic for loading Only 2 feet high Capacity Makes > 1 cy of biochar in about 4 hours
We made 70 cubic yards of biochar during the two year project. Umpqua Biochar Education Team (UBET) NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant 2015 - 2017
Pile loosely Light on top How to operate a Flame Cap Kiln
Once the first pile burns down, add more Add new material, one layer at a time Make sure each layer has the same size material
Keep a Strong Flame on Top Especially important in wet conditions If you let the flame die down it can be hard to restart
Quenching Time Quench when kiln is full and flame is gone
Quenching: Flood or Snuff Thin sheet metal lid Place on top of hot coals Seal with dirt Flood till you see standing water Stir till cool 50 100 gallons
Drew Biochar Project Umpqua Biochar Education Team Stewardship Contract awarded to South Umpqua Rural Community Partnership www.surcp.org 17 acres of thinning Removal of small trees Umpqua National Forest
A Carbon Conservation Corps for Mobile Biochar Production
Three days,166 cubic yards of forest slash, 28 cubic yards of biochar
Project Planning Based on Drew Veg Biochar Project Project size and volumes project size, ac 17 tree/ac 800 volume of piled slash, cy 396 Labor crew size crew size, # of kiln tenders (each tender operates 2 kilns) 6 crew size, # of machine operators 1 Total crew size: 7 people
Labor Time and Machine Hours Machines and machine hours loader to place kilns and move slash, hrs/day 6 water tender for quenching, hrs/day 2 Labor hours crew set up time, hrs 1 biochar burning time per kiln batch, hrs 4 quenching and unloading, hrs 2 Total daily job time, including setup and quench, 7 hours
Outputs Production volumes assumed conversion efficiency, biomass to biochar, by volume 16.70% volume slash consumed per kiln batch, cy 6 biochar output per kiln batch, cy 1 number of kilns 12 Daily output total biochar output per day, cy 12 total slash processed per day, cy 72 5.5 days to process all slash 66 cy of biochar produced
Climate Impact Assume one cubic yard of biochar weighs 200 pounds 66 cy x 200 pounds = 6.6 tons of biochar 6.6 tons x 80% fixed carbon fraction x 44/12 = 19.4 tons of CO2 sequestered from one 17 ac thinning project. Average American emits approx. 20 tons CO2 per year We need to scale this up!
GO BIG Boots on the Ground
Civilian Conservation Corps President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proposed the CCC program to Congress on March 21, 1933: I propose to create [the CCC] to be used in forestry, the prevention of soil erosion, flood control, and similar projects. I call your attention to the fact that this type of work is of definite, practical value, not only through the prevention of great present financial loss but also as a means of creating future national wealth.
Carbon Conservation Corps A service year for young people Improve forest health and protect communities from wildfire Pay them to sequester carbon in biochar PHYSICAL FITNESS A SENSE OF PURPOSE HOPE FOR THE FUTURE Planting trees in biochar Ashland Forest Resiliency Project
Cut, Pile & Burn vs Cut, Char & Quench Item CP&B CC&Q Cut (chainsaw work) $350 $350 Pile (5-8 piles/hr per worker) $600 Burn (20 piles/acre, using drip torch) $150 Biochar Kilns (3 - 4 kilns per acre, 1 person feeds 2 kilns) $600 Quenching water (water truck & operator) $150 Total cost/acre $1100 $1100 Currently, most of the labor dollars are spent on making piles Do not pile, just lop and leave on the ground to dry for a season Come back and gather the fine fuels to char in kilns Burning green is also an option for fine fuels We are burning bigger stuff than we need to and making a lot of unnecessary smoke
Growing Number of Projects and Partners NRCS USFS USDA-ARS Oregon Department of Forestry North Dakota Forest Service Nebraska Forest Service Kansas Forest Service Utah State University Extension Oregon State University Extension South Umpqua Rural Community Partnership Long Tom Restoration Council Illinois Valley Community Development Organization Two Rivers SWCD Ridge to Reefs Sustainable Community Development Institute Institute for Sustainable Forestry Charring Pinyon-Juniper in Utah
Wilson Biochar Associates specializes in biochar technology and market development. We provide strategic advice and services to businesses and organizations. Technology Assessment Research and Analysis Project Development Kelpie Wilson Wilson Biochar Associates Home office: 541-592-3083 Mobile: 541-218-9890 kelpiew@gmail.com www.wilsonbiochar.com Questions?

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A Carbon Conservation Corps for Mobile Biochar Production

  • 1. ACARBON CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) FOR MOBILE BIOCHAR PRODUCTION Kelpie Wilson Wilson Biochar Associates
  • 2. Natchez Fire, Rogue Siskiyou NF Ignition, July 15, 2018 Aug 1, the view from my deck
  • 3. View from my deck: October 2009. Smoke fills the air from hundreds of burning slash piles fuels reduction project.
  • 4. Jackpot piles burn hot & complete Tight piles dont fall apart Burn hot in the center Burn completely to ash Generate smoke Burn forest soil
  • 5. Burn pile scars are long-lasting Is there another way to treat problem fuels?
  • 6. Bottom Lit vs. Top Lit Burn Pile Conventional: Flame under cold biomass makes smoke Top Lit: Light on top heat transfers to pile by radiation Flame on top burns smoke
  • 7. 1. Light it on top 2. Quench with water to save char
  • 9. Flame Carbonization Making biochar in an open flame Biomass burns in 3 stages. To make char, stop the process before it goes to ash
  • 10. For greater efficiency: Flame Cap Kiln Pan excludes air from the bottom Flame on top uses up all the oxygen and burns the smoke Char is protected from air and does not burn
  • 11. Can be any shape pit, pyramid, cone, ring, trench, box
  • 12. Design Parameters - the Oregon Kiln Sized for feedstock Logs 4 to 5 feet long Up to 6 diameter Portable but durable Less than 200 lbs 14 gauge steel Ergonomic for loading Only 2 feet high Capacity Makes > 1 cy of biochar in about 4 hours
  • 13. We made 70 cubic yards of biochar during the two year project. Umpqua Biochar Education Team (UBET) NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant 2015 - 2017
  • 14. Pile loosely Light on top How to operate a Flame Cap Kiln
  • 15. Once the first pile burns down, add more Add new material, one layer at a time Make sure each layer has the same size material
  • 16. Keep a Strong Flame on Top Especially important in wet conditions If you let the flame die down it can be hard to restart
  • 17. Quenching Time Quench when kiln is full and flame is gone
  • 18. Quenching: Flood or Snuff Thin sheet metal lid Place on top of hot coals Seal with dirt Flood till you see standing water Stir till cool 50 100 gallons
  • 19. Drew Biochar Project Umpqua Biochar Education Team Stewardship Contract awarded to South Umpqua Rural Community Partnership www.surcp.org 17 acres of thinning Removal of small trees Umpqua National Forest
  • 21. Three days,166 cubic yards of forest slash, 28 cubic yards of biochar
  • 22. Project Planning Based on Drew Veg Biochar Project Project size and volumes project size, ac 17 tree/ac 800 volume of piled slash, cy 396 Labor crew size crew size, # of kiln tenders (each tender operates 2 kilns) 6 crew size, # of machine operators 1 Total crew size: 7 people
  • 23. Labor Time and Machine Hours Machines and machine hours loader to place kilns and move slash, hrs/day 6 water tender for quenching, hrs/day 2 Labor hours crew set up time, hrs 1 biochar burning time per kiln batch, hrs 4 quenching and unloading, hrs 2 Total daily job time, including setup and quench, 7 hours
  • 24. Outputs Production volumes assumed conversion efficiency, biomass to biochar, by volume 16.70% volume slash consumed per kiln batch, cy 6 biochar output per kiln batch, cy 1 number of kilns 12 Daily output total biochar output per day, cy 12 total slash processed per day, cy 72 5.5 days to process all slash 66 cy of biochar produced
  • 25. Climate Impact Assume one cubic yard of biochar weighs 200 pounds 66 cy x 200 pounds = 6.6 tons of biochar 6.6 tons x 80% fixed carbon fraction x 44/12 = 19.4 tons of CO2 sequestered from one 17 ac thinning project. Average American emits approx. 20 tons CO2 per year We need to scale this up!
  • 26. GO BIG Boots on the Ground
  • 27. Civilian Conservation Corps President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proposed the CCC program to Congress on March 21, 1933: I propose to create [the CCC] to be used in forestry, the prevention of soil erosion, flood control, and similar projects. I call your attention to the fact that this type of work is of definite, practical value, not only through the prevention of great present financial loss but also as a means of creating future national wealth.
  • 28. Carbon Conservation Corps A service year for young people Improve forest health and protect communities from wildfire Pay them to sequester carbon in biochar PHYSICAL FITNESS A SENSE OF PURPOSE HOPE FOR THE FUTURE Planting trees in biochar Ashland Forest Resiliency Project
  • 29. Cut, Pile & Burn vs Cut, Char & Quench Item CP&B CC&Q Cut (chainsaw work) $350 $350 Pile (5-8 piles/hr per worker) $600 Burn (20 piles/acre, using drip torch) $150 Biochar Kilns (3 - 4 kilns per acre, 1 person feeds 2 kilns) $600 Quenching water (water truck & operator) $150 Total cost/acre $1100 $1100 Currently, most of the labor dollars are spent on making piles Do not pile, just lop and leave on the ground to dry for a season Come back and gather the fine fuels to char in kilns Burning green is also an option for fine fuels We are burning bigger stuff than we need to and making a lot of unnecessary smoke
  • 30. Growing Number of Projects and Partners NRCS USFS USDA-ARS Oregon Department of Forestry North Dakota Forest Service Nebraska Forest Service Kansas Forest Service Utah State University Extension Oregon State University Extension South Umpqua Rural Community Partnership Long Tom Restoration Council Illinois Valley Community Development Organization Two Rivers SWCD Ridge to Reefs Sustainable Community Development Institute Institute for Sustainable Forestry Charring Pinyon-Juniper in Utah
  • 31. Wilson Biochar Associates specializes in biochar technology and market development. We provide strategic advice and services to businesses and organizations. Technology Assessment Research and Analysis Project Development Kelpie Wilson Wilson Biochar Associates Home office: 541-592-3083 Mobile: 541-218-9890 kelpiew@gmail.com www.wilsonbiochar.com Questions?