- A clinical trial is a clinical investigation that involves administering an investigational treatment to experimental subjects (usually patients) to evaluate the treatment.
- Key elements include comparing outcomes in patients receiving the investigational treatment versus a control treatment, with patients enrolled, treated, and followed over the same time period.
- The goal is to assess the efficacy and safety of the investigational treatment in humans compared to an alternative such as standard of care or placebo.
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells caused by a fusion of the BCR and ABL genes, which results in uncontrolled proliferation of mature and immature white blood cells. It progresses through three phases - chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis - and is characterized by excessive neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils in the blood and bone marrow. The standard diagnostic tests are detecting the Philadelphia chromosome or BCR-ABL fusion gene via cytogenetic analysis, FISH or PCR. Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib has dramatically improved survival for most CML patients.
This document discusses the management of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It notes that ALL accounts for 7.3-57.8% of acute leukemia cases in Indian studies. The document outlines pretreatment evaluation, risk stratification, induction chemotherapy regimens, and key considerations for anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, and asparaginase when treating adult ALL. The goal of induction therapy is to reduce leukemia cells to below 5% while incorporating central nervous system prophylaxis to achieve remission in over 80% of patients.
Platinum drugs like cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin have been used successfully to treat cancers for decades. They work by binding to and damaging DNA, which kills tumor cells. Cisplatin was the first such drug developed but caused severe side effects. This led researchers to develop analogs with improved tolerability profiles. Carboplatin and oxaliplatin were created and are now also approved for use, with carboplatin having less kidney toxicity and oxaliplatin showing activity against cisplatin-resistant cancers. Ongoing research focuses on developing newer platinum complexes and drug delivery methods to expand use and reduce side effects.
- This document summarizes a randomized controlled trial that compared mFOLFOX6 alone versus mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for RAS mutant unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases.
- 241 patients were randomly assigned to receive either mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab (arm A) or mFOLFOX6 alone (arm B). The primary endpoint was the rate of conversion to radical liver resection.
- After treatment, 28 patients in arm A and 8 patients in arm B were determined to be eligible for radical liver resection. However, 2 patients refused surgery. The trial aims to determine if the addition of bevacizumab results in
Optimization in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Concepts, Methods & ApplicationsKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of optimization in pharmaceutical formulations. It explains the concept of optimization, different types of optimization problems (constrained and unconstrained), and the mathematical principles behind formulation development. Key topics include:
Methods for optimization (Sequential Simplex Method, Classical Mathematical Methods)
Statistical analysis in optimization (Mean, Standard Deviation, Regression, Hypothesis Testing)
Factorial Design & Quality by Design (QbD) for process improvement
Applications of optimization in drug formulation
This resource is beneficial for pharmaceutical scientists, R&D professionals, regulatory experts, and students looking to understand pharmaceutical process optimization and quality by design approaches.
Unit 1: Introduction to Histological and Cytological techniques
Differentiate histology and cytology
Overview on tissue types
Function and components of the compound light microscope
Overview on common Histological Techniques:
o Fixation
o Grossing
o Tissue processing
o Microtomy
o Staining
o Mounting
Application of histology and cytology
Stability of Dosage Forms as per ICH GuidelinesKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation covers the stability testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to ICH guidelines (Q1A-Q1F). It explains the definition of stability, various testing protocols, storage conditions, and evaluation criteria required for regulatory submissions. Key topics include stress testing, container closure systems, stability commitment, and photostability testing. The guidelines ensure that pharmaceutical products maintain their identity, purity, strength, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical professionals, researchers, and regulatory experts.
legal Rights of individual, children and women.pptxRishika Rawat
油
A legal right is a claim or entitlement that is recognized and protected by the law. It can also refer to the power or privilege that the law grants to a person. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education
Flag Screening in Physiotherapy Examination.pptxBALAJI SOMA
油
Flag screening is a crucial part of physiotherapy assessment that helps in identifying medical, psychological, occupational, and social barriers to recovery. Recognizing these flags ensures that physiotherapists make informed decisions, provide holistic care, and refer patients appropriately when necessary. By integrating flag screening into practice, physiotherapists can optimize patient outcomes and prevent chronicity of conditions.
Dr. Anik Roy Chowdhury
MBBS, BCS(Health), DA, MD (Resident)
Department of Anesthesiology, ICU & Pain Medicine
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH)
Rabies Bali 2008-2020_WRD Webinar_WSAVA 2020_Final.pptxWahid Husein
油
A decade of rabies control programmes in Bali with support from FAO ECTAD Indonesia with Mass Dog Vaccination, Integrated Bite Case Management, Dog Population Management, and Risk Communication as the backbone of the programmes
Acute & Chronic Inflammation, Chemical mediators in Inflammation and Wound he...Ganapathi Vankudoth
油
A complete information of Inflammation, it includes types of Inflammation, purpose of Inflammation, pathogenesis of acute inflammation, chemical mediators in inflammation, types of chronic inflammation, wound healing and Inflammation in skin repair, phases of wound healing, factors influencing wound healing and types of wound healing.
- A clinical trial is a clinical investigation that involves administering an investigational treatment to experimental subjects (usually patients) to evaluate the treatment.
- Key elements include comparing outcomes in patients receiving the investigational treatment versus a control treatment, with patients enrolled, treated, and followed over the same time period.
- The goal is to assess the efficacy and safety of the investigational treatment in humans compared to an alternative such as standard of care or placebo.
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells caused by a fusion of the BCR and ABL genes, which results in uncontrolled proliferation of mature and immature white blood cells. It progresses through three phases - chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis - and is characterized by excessive neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils in the blood and bone marrow. The standard diagnostic tests are detecting the Philadelphia chromosome or BCR-ABL fusion gene via cytogenetic analysis, FISH or PCR. Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib has dramatically improved survival for most CML patients.
This document discusses the management of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It notes that ALL accounts for 7.3-57.8% of acute leukemia cases in Indian studies. The document outlines pretreatment evaluation, risk stratification, induction chemotherapy regimens, and key considerations for anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, and asparaginase when treating adult ALL. The goal of induction therapy is to reduce leukemia cells to below 5% while incorporating central nervous system prophylaxis to achieve remission in over 80% of patients.
Platinum drugs like cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin have been used successfully to treat cancers for decades. They work by binding to and damaging DNA, which kills tumor cells. Cisplatin was the first such drug developed but caused severe side effects. This led researchers to develop analogs with improved tolerability profiles. Carboplatin and oxaliplatin were created and are now also approved for use, with carboplatin having less kidney toxicity and oxaliplatin showing activity against cisplatin-resistant cancers. Ongoing research focuses on developing newer platinum complexes and drug delivery methods to expand use and reduce side effects.
- This document summarizes a randomized controlled trial that compared mFOLFOX6 alone versus mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for RAS mutant unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases.
- 241 patients were randomly assigned to receive either mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab (arm A) or mFOLFOX6 alone (arm B). The primary endpoint was the rate of conversion to radical liver resection.
- After treatment, 28 patients in arm A and 8 patients in arm B were determined to be eligible for radical liver resection. However, 2 patients refused surgery. The trial aims to determine if the addition of bevacizumab results in
Optimization in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Concepts, Methods & ApplicationsKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of optimization in pharmaceutical formulations. It explains the concept of optimization, different types of optimization problems (constrained and unconstrained), and the mathematical principles behind formulation development. Key topics include:
Methods for optimization (Sequential Simplex Method, Classical Mathematical Methods)
Statistical analysis in optimization (Mean, Standard Deviation, Regression, Hypothesis Testing)
Factorial Design & Quality by Design (QbD) for process improvement
Applications of optimization in drug formulation
This resource is beneficial for pharmaceutical scientists, R&D professionals, regulatory experts, and students looking to understand pharmaceutical process optimization and quality by design approaches.
Unit 1: Introduction to Histological and Cytological techniques
Differentiate histology and cytology
Overview on tissue types
Function and components of the compound light microscope
Overview on common Histological Techniques:
o Fixation
o Grossing
o Tissue processing
o Microtomy
o Staining
o Mounting
Application of histology and cytology
Stability of Dosage Forms as per ICH GuidelinesKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation covers the stability testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to ICH guidelines (Q1A-Q1F). It explains the definition of stability, various testing protocols, storage conditions, and evaluation criteria required for regulatory submissions. Key topics include stress testing, container closure systems, stability commitment, and photostability testing. The guidelines ensure that pharmaceutical products maintain their identity, purity, strength, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical professionals, researchers, and regulatory experts.
legal Rights of individual, children and women.pptxRishika Rawat
油
A legal right is a claim or entitlement that is recognized and protected by the law. It can also refer to the power or privilege that the law grants to a person. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education
Flag Screening in Physiotherapy Examination.pptxBALAJI SOMA
油
Flag screening is a crucial part of physiotherapy assessment that helps in identifying medical, psychological, occupational, and social barriers to recovery. Recognizing these flags ensures that physiotherapists make informed decisions, provide holistic care, and refer patients appropriately when necessary. By integrating flag screening into practice, physiotherapists can optimize patient outcomes and prevent chronicity of conditions.
Dr. Anik Roy Chowdhury
MBBS, BCS(Health), DA, MD (Resident)
Department of Anesthesiology, ICU & Pain Medicine
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH)
Rabies Bali 2008-2020_WRD Webinar_WSAVA 2020_Final.pptxWahid Husein
油
A decade of rabies control programmes in Bali with support from FAO ECTAD Indonesia with Mass Dog Vaccination, Integrated Bite Case Management, Dog Population Management, and Risk Communication as the backbone of the programmes
Acute & Chronic Inflammation, Chemical mediators in Inflammation and Wound he...Ganapathi Vankudoth
油
A complete information of Inflammation, it includes types of Inflammation, purpose of Inflammation, pathogenesis of acute inflammation, chemical mediators in inflammation, types of chronic inflammation, wound healing and Inflammation in skin repair, phases of wound healing, factors influencing wound healing and types of wound healing.
Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption A Comprehensive Overview
Description:
This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Who Should Read This?
This presentation is designed for:
鏝 Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams.
鏝 Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material.
鏝 Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology.
鏝 Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology.
What Youll Learn:
Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Glomerulo-Tubular Balance its mechanism and clinical significance
鏝 Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries
鏝 Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides
鏝 Clinical conditions like Addisons disease & Conn Syndrome
鏝 Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis
Nervous System Regulation
鏝 Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption
Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions
鏝 How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria
鏝 Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback
This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology.
Keywords for Easy Search:
#Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #Nephrology
This presentation provides a detailed exploration of the morphological and microscopic features of pneumonia, covering its histopathology, classification, and clinical significance. Designed for medical students, pathologists, and healthcare professionals, this lecture differentiates bacterial vs. viral pneumonia, explains lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia, and discusses diagnostic imaging patterns.
Key Topics Covered:
Normal lung histology vs. pneumonia-affected lung
Morphological changes in lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia
Microscopic features: Fibroblastic plugs, alveolar septal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration
Stages of lobar pneumonia: Congestion, Red hepatization, Gray hepatization, Resolution
Common causative pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma, etc.)
Clinical case study with diagnostic approach and differentials
Who Should Watch?
This is an essential resource for medical students, pathology trainees, and respiratory health professionals looking to enhance their understanding of pneumonias morphological aspects.