際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Advanced surveying equipment ppt

Download as PPTX, PDF
Naufil Sayyad
Naufil Sayyad

1. The document discusses advanced surveying equipment that provide more precise and faster surveying compared to traditional methods. It describes the Electronic Distance Meter (EDM), microoptic theodolite, electronic/digital theodolite, and total station. 2. An EDM measures distance using the phase difference between a transmitted and reflected wave. A microoptic theodolite and electronic theodolite are used to measure angles precisely. 3. A total station integrates EDM and theodolite functions to allow simultaneous distance and angle measurements for surveying tasks such as setting out buildings, contour mapping, and more.

1 of 41
Downloaded 26 times
CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED SURVEYING EQUIPMENT (14 MARKS)
INTRODUCTION In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. Levelling work is carried out using a Dumpy level and a leveling staff. With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious. Hence modern surveying instruments are becoming more popular and they are gradually replacing old surveying instruments such as compass and Dumpy level. With modern surveying instruments, survey work will be precise, faster and less tedious. Some of the modern surveying instruments are discussed in this article.
ADVANCED SURVEYING EQUIPMENTS ELECTRONIC DISTANCE METER(EDM) MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE
ADVANCED SURVEYING EQUIPMENTS ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL THEODOLITE TOTAL STATION
PRINCIPLE OF EDM Let the distance between P and Q be D which is to be measured. A wave transmitted from the transmitter at station P with certain phase angle. There is a reflector at the other end Q Reflector consist of prism. The wave strikes on reflector at Q and then gets reflected from Q. It is received back at the transmitter end at P with different phase angle. For finding the distance, the phase difference between transmitted and reflected waves is measured and converted into distance.
Advanced surveying equipment ppt
Advanced surveying equipment ppt
PROCEDURE OF USING EDM Let distance AB is to be measured. Set EDM at station A. Touch ON/OFF switch. Display panel will give reading 0.0. Hold the reflector at B Telescope of EDM sighted towards B with cross hair at center of reflector. Press Range or Enter switch and in few seconds, distance will be displayed. Distances displayed will be horizontal distance and sloping distance between A and B, also elevation difference between A and B.
USES OF EDM It is useful for measuring the distances that are difficult to access. It is useful in topographical survey. It is useful in fixing alignment of road, railways, canals etc. Measurement of distances in difficult work sites such as construction of gravity dams. Measurement of base line in triangulation survey can be carried out speedily and accurately.
MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE
MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE https://youtu.be/tx19ne2InDM
MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE Angle - 94属1244 Main scale reading- 94属10 Micrometer reading - 0属244
i) Set up the instrument at station O as shown in fig. ii) Carry out centering and leveling of the instrument with the help of optical plummet and leveling screw respectively. iii) Bisect the object using micrometer knob. iv) Take reading of angle on window. PROCEDURE OF MEASURING ANGLE BY MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE
ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE https://youtu.be/PH_OLQq5Qc0
FEATURES OF ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE Dual side display and keyboard with push button keys Built in illumination for night operation Rechargeable Ni-Cd battery with auto power cut off. Compatibility with EDMs
COMPONENT PARTS OF ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE Components Purpose Levelling head Support the theodolite and enable leveling of instrument. Clamping screw To controlled the circular motion of telescope. Telescope To bisect the object. Plate level To check the leveling of instrument. Optical plummet Centering of the instrument.
PROCEDURE OF MEASURING ANGLE BY ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE 1)Taking out digital theodolite for box and fix it on tripod over required station. 2) Accurate centering and approximate leveling by leg adjustment is done. 3) Levelling the digital theodolite using foot screws by usual method i.e. plate level parallel to pair of foot screw and perpendicular position
PROCEDURE OF MEASURING ANGLE BY ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE 4) Focusing of eyepiece and object glass is done using eyepiece and focusing screws. 5) Switch on the digital theodolite. 6) Direct the telescope toward the object of which angle is to be measured say A, bisect it. Clamp the instrument, accurate bisection is done by slow motion screw. 7) Press hold button, LCD gives required vertical angle from zenith point or horizontal plane as per setting of the instrument.
TOTAL STATION
TOTAL STATION
TOTAL STATION 1) Measurement of horizontal, slope and vertical distance can be accurately found out. 2) It gives the complete basic surveying exercise in order to appreciate how land survey measurements can be used in engineering construction and environmental restoration activities. 3) Vertical and horizontal angles can be accurately measured by total station.
TOTAL STATION 4) Increasingly used now a days for levelling operation in road, airport etc. public works. 5) Useful for preparing contour map 6) Setting out work can be carried out accurately with help of total station.
1. High accuracy. 2. Long measuring range. 3. Large internal memory. 4. It is water resistance and dust proof. 5. Easy access to any desired programme and mode of selection. 6. Try axis compensation. FEATURES OF TOTAL STATION
FEATURES OF TOTAL STATION 7. Easy to read arrangement. 8. Automatic atmospheric correction. 9. Guide message arrangement. 10. Higher distance resolution. 11. Two speed tangent movement. 12. Detachable tribrach facility. 13. Eighteen different programmes (modes of measurements).
TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Setting on tripod and centering through laser plummet Approximate levelling by tripod legs Accurate leveling with foot screws Focusing eyepiece and object glass
TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Checking plate level time to time during measurement Station set up Back sighting
TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Station set up It includes entering name of point , independent coordinates , reduced level and height of instrument at instrument station in total station.
TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Back sighting It means selecting a reference point to form the basis for the angular direction and bisecting it and entering its details like name , elevation, height of prism, etc. This work must be carried out with prism mode for accurate measurement.
FUNCTION KEYS OF TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION
FUNCTION KEYS OF TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION
MEASUREMENTS USING TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION Select Station set up and enter details Select Job and create job by entering details Carry out all temporary adjustments Select General survey form menu
MEASUREMENTS USING TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION Carry out back sighting Select measure point and bisect the required point and select Measure on screen Select Measure tab on screen
MEASUREMENTS USING TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION In a few seconds Horizontal angle, slope distance, vertical angle will be displayed on screen Also horizontal distance, vertical distance, northing , easting can be seen by selecting side arrow These details can be stored by selecting store
LAYOUT OF SMALL BUILDING USING TOTAL STATION 1. On the plan supplied by an architect, number the column serially from left to right and top to bottom starting from top left corner. 2. Work out coordinates of column centre with respect to one plot corner or well defined point, assuming line parallel to any one face of building as meridian. 3. Create an excel document with 4 independent columns one for column number and rest three for N, E & H coordinates. Upload this file to total station by using transfer software provided with instrument.
LAYOUT OF SMALL BUILDING USING TOTAL STATION 4. Set the total station at site at a point with respect which the coordinates of column centre are work out. Initiate the total station by proving with the coordinates of station and by orienting the telescope along the reference meridian. 5. Now, activate the setting out programme of the total station. Open the uploaded file & bring in the coordinates of any column to be set out. 6. Hold prism pole at tentative position of that column on ground, bisect it & get measured its coordinates.
LAYOUT OF SMALL BUILDING USING TOTAL STATION 7.In next reading machine will display the discrepancies in the coordinates of the point & point to be set out. 8.Direct the reflector man accordingly to occupy the new position, bisect him again & get measured its coordinates to know the discrepancy. 9.Repeat the process till you get no discrepancy in the coordinates of point occupied & point to be set out. In this way get marked centres of rest of the columns. 10. Check the accuracy of the process of setting out by comparing the diagonal distance between the extreme column centres to their calculated values.
CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 1. Preliminary set up Fix the total station over a station and level it. Press the power button to switch on the instrument. level instrument using electronic vial. Set bisection target as prism. Select MODE B -------> S function------->file management------>create (enter a name)---- --->accept. Then press ESC to go to the starting page.
CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 2. Then go to S function ------> measure-----> rectangular co-ordinate---->station --- >press enter. Here enter the point number or name, X,Y,Z co- ordnates, instrument height and prism code. Then press accept (Fs) 3. Adopt Cross section method for establishing the major grid around the study area. Project suitably spaced cross sections on either side of the centre line of the area. Choose several points at reasonable distances on either side. 4. Orient the instrument to the magnetic north, or any other referance direction. Then set zero by double clicking on 0 set (F3).
CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 5. Keep the reflecting prism on the first point and turn the total station to the prism, focus it and bisect it exactly using horizontal and vertical clamps. Then select MEAS and the display panel will show the point specification. Now select edit and re-enter the point number or name point code and enter the prism height that we have set. 6. Then press MEAS/SAVE (F3) so that the measurement to the first point will automatically be saved and the display panel will show the second point. Then turn the total station to second point and do the same procedure. Repeat the steps to the rest of the stations and get all point details.
CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 7. Transfer the data stored in file to computer in the appropriate format. 8. Using appropriate application software, contour map will be prepared.
Thank you!

More Related Content

Advanced surveying equipment ppt

  • 1. CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED SURVEYING EQUIPMENT (14 MARKS)
  • 2. INTRODUCTION In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. Levelling work is carried out using a Dumpy level and a leveling staff. With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious. Hence modern surveying instruments are becoming more popular and they are gradually replacing old surveying instruments such as compass and Dumpy level. With modern surveying instruments, survey work will be precise, faster and less tedious. Some of the modern surveying instruments are discussed in this article.
  • 3. ADVANCED SURVEYING EQUIPMENTS ELECTRONIC DISTANCE METER(EDM) MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE
  • 5. PRINCIPLE OF EDM Let the distance between P and Q be D which is to be measured. A wave transmitted from the transmitter at station P with certain phase angle. There is a reflector at the other end Q Reflector consist of prism. The wave strikes on reflector at Q and then gets reflected from Q. It is received back at the transmitter end at P with different phase angle. For finding the distance, the phase difference between transmitted and reflected waves is measured and converted into distance.
  • 8. PROCEDURE OF USING EDM Let distance AB is to be measured. Set EDM at station A. Touch ON/OFF switch. Display panel will give reading 0.0. Hold the reflector at B Telescope of EDM sighted towards B with cross hair at center of reflector. Press Range or Enter switch and in few seconds, distance will be displayed. Distances displayed will be horizontal distance and sloping distance between A and B, also elevation difference between A and B.
  • 9. USES OF EDM It is useful for measuring the distances that are difficult to access. It is useful in topographical survey. It is useful in fixing alignment of road, railways, canals etc. Measurement of distances in difficult work sites such as construction of gravity dams. Measurement of base line in triangulation survey can be carried out speedily and accurately.
  • 12. MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE Angle - 94属1244 Main scale reading- 94属10 Micrometer reading - 0属244
  • 13. i) Set up the instrument at station O as shown in fig. ii) Carry out centering and leveling of the instrument with the help of optical plummet and leveling screw respectively. iii) Bisect the object using micrometer knob. iv) Take reading of angle on window. PROCEDURE OF MEASURING ANGLE BY MICROOPTIC THEODOLITE
  • 15. FEATURES OF ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE Dual side display and keyboard with push button keys Built in illumination for night operation Rechargeable Ni-Cd battery with auto power cut off. Compatibility with EDMs
  • 16. COMPONENT PARTS OF ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE Components Purpose Levelling head Support the theodolite and enable leveling of instrument. Clamping screw To controlled the circular motion of telescope. Telescope To bisect the object. Plate level To check the leveling of instrument. Optical plummet Centering of the instrument.
  • 17. PROCEDURE OF MEASURING ANGLE BY ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE 1)Taking out digital theodolite for box and fix it on tripod over required station. 2) Accurate centering and approximate leveling by leg adjustment is done. 3) Levelling the digital theodolite using foot screws by usual method i.e. plate level parallel to pair of foot screw and perpendicular position
  • 18. PROCEDURE OF MEASURING ANGLE BY ELECTRONIC/ DIGITAL THEODOLITE 4) Focusing of eyepiece and object glass is done using eyepiece and focusing screws. 5) Switch on the digital theodolite. 6) Direct the telescope toward the object of which angle is to be measured say A, bisect it. Clamp the instrument, accurate bisection is done by slow motion screw. 7) Press hold button, LCD gives required vertical angle from zenith point or horizontal plane as per setting of the instrument.
  • 21. TOTAL STATION 1) Measurement of horizontal, slope and vertical distance can be accurately found out. 2) It gives the complete basic surveying exercise in order to appreciate how land survey measurements can be used in engineering construction and environmental restoration activities. 3) Vertical and horizontal angles can be accurately measured by total station.
  • 22. TOTAL STATION 4) Increasingly used now a days for levelling operation in road, airport etc. public works. 5) Useful for preparing contour map 6) Setting out work can be carried out accurately with help of total station.
  • 23. 1. High accuracy. 2. Long measuring range. 3. Large internal memory. 4. It is water resistance and dust proof. 5. Easy access to any desired programme and mode of selection. 6. Try axis compensation. FEATURES OF TOTAL STATION
  • 24. FEATURES OF TOTAL STATION 7. Easy to read arrangement. 8. Automatic atmospheric correction. 9. Guide message arrangement. 10. Higher distance resolution. 11. Two speed tangent movement. 12. Detachable tribrach facility. 13. Eighteen different programmes (modes of measurements).
  • 25. TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Setting on tripod and centering through laser plummet Approximate levelling by tripod legs Accurate leveling with foot screws Focusing eyepiece and object glass
  • 26. TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Checking plate level time to time during measurement Station set up Back sighting
  • 27. TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Station set up It includes entering name of point , independent coordinates , reduced level and height of instrument at instrument station in total station.
  • 28. TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL STATION Back sighting It means selecting a reference point to form the basis for the angular direction and bisecting it and entering its details like name , elevation, height of prism, etc. This work must be carried out with prism mode for accurate measurement.
  • 29. FUNCTION KEYS OF TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION
  • 30. FUNCTION KEYS OF TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION
  • 31. MEASUREMENTS USING TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION Select Station set up and enter details Select Job and create job by entering details Carry out all temporary adjustments Select General survey form menu
  • 32. MEASUREMENTS USING TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION Carry out back sighting Select measure point and bisect the required point and select Measure on screen Select Measure tab on screen
  • 33. MEASUREMENTS USING TRIMBLE M3 TOTAL STATION In a few seconds Horizontal angle, slope distance, vertical angle will be displayed on screen Also horizontal distance, vertical distance, northing , easting can be seen by selecting side arrow These details can be stored by selecting store
  • 34. LAYOUT OF SMALL BUILDING USING TOTAL STATION 1. On the plan supplied by an architect, number the column serially from left to right and top to bottom starting from top left corner. 2. Work out coordinates of column centre with respect to one plot corner or well defined point, assuming line parallel to any one face of building as meridian. 3. Create an excel document with 4 independent columns one for column number and rest three for N, E & H coordinates. Upload this file to total station by using transfer software provided with instrument.
  • 35. LAYOUT OF SMALL BUILDING USING TOTAL STATION 4. Set the total station at site at a point with respect which the coordinates of column centre are work out. Initiate the total station by proving with the coordinates of station and by orienting the telescope along the reference meridian. 5. Now, activate the setting out programme of the total station. Open the uploaded file & bring in the coordinates of any column to be set out. 6. Hold prism pole at tentative position of that column on ground, bisect it & get measured its coordinates.
  • 36. LAYOUT OF SMALL BUILDING USING TOTAL STATION 7.In next reading machine will display the discrepancies in the coordinates of the point & point to be set out. 8.Direct the reflector man accordingly to occupy the new position, bisect him again & get measured its coordinates to know the discrepancy. 9.Repeat the process till you get no discrepancy in the coordinates of point occupied & point to be set out. In this way get marked centres of rest of the columns. 10. Check the accuracy of the process of setting out by comparing the diagonal distance between the extreme column centres to their calculated values.
  • 37. CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 1. Preliminary set up Fix the total station over a station and level it. Press the power button to switch on the instrument. level instrument using electronic vial. Set bisection target as prism. Select MODE B -------> S function------->file management------>create (enter a name)---- --->accept. Then press ESC to go to the starting page.
  • 38. CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 2. Then go to S function ------> measure-----> rectangular co-ordinate---->station --- >press enter. Here enter the point number or name, X,Y,Z co- ordnates, instrument height and prism code. Then press accept (Fs) 3. Adopt Cross section method for establishing the major grid around the study area. Project suitably spaced cross sections on either side of the centre line of the area. Choose several points at reasonable distances on either side. 4. Orient the instrument to the magnetic north, or any other referance direction. Then set zero by double clicking on 0 set (F3).
  • 39. CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 5. Keep the reflecting prism on the first point and turn the total station to the prism, focus it and bisect it exactly using horizontal and vertical clamps. Then select MEAS and the display panel will show the point specification. Now select edit and re-enter the point number or name point code and enter the prism height that we have set. 6. Then press MEAS/SAVE (F3) so that the measurement to the first point will automatically be saved and the display panel will show the second point. Then turn the total station to second point and do the same procedure. Repeat the steps to the rest of the stations and get all point details.
  • 40. CONTOUR MAP USING TOTAL STATION 7. Transfer the data stored in file to computer in the appropriate format. 8. Using appropriate application software, contour map will be prepared.