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Towards a Capacity-Building and Apprenticeship Education within African Nations

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Abdeslam Badre, PhD
Abdeslam Badre, PhD

Africa is the most interesting and diverse continent on the earth. It is the home of an incredible variety of people, animals, climates, and spectacular places. It is a country known for its beautiful colorful clothing and its history of incredible works of art. The African continent has the second largest population in the world, at about one billion people. Africa is the second largest continent on earth, approximately 11.7 million square miles. One of the oldest universities in the world is in Timbuktu, Mali. By the 12th century Timbuktu was home to three universities. Over 25,000 students attended one of the Timbuktu universities in the 12th century.

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Strengthening Inter-Cultural and International Relations in Africa through Cultural Diplomacy (African Summit, Berlin, October 23rd - 26th, 2012) Towards a Capacity-Building and Apprenticeship Education within African Nations Abdeslam Badre Morocco MA Student at ICD Berlin abdeslambadre@yahoo.com icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Outline I. Africa as We Know It! II. Education, Apprenticeship and Capacity Building in Africa III. Will Cultural Diplomacy Heal the Ills in Africa? IV. The Future Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
I. Africa as We Know It! National, Regional, and Civil Wars Tribal Conflicts Political malaise Diseases Women and Minorities Abuses Poverty Child Labor Corruption Lack of Infrastructures Social Inequalities icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 3 Berlin, 2012-
Is it a Heavenly Curse or a Man-Made Misery ??! icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Bishop Desmond Tutu When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said, 'Let us pray.' We closed our eyes. When we opened them we had the Bible and they had the land. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Map of Colonial Empire Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Post-Colonial Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 7 Berlin, 2012-
What happened during the 50 Years of African Independence?? Artificial Borders Created The Legacy Of European By Imperial Europe Colonialism The Rise of Neo-colonial Power + Cold War By Proxy - Supporting and Arming Dictatorships The Natural Struggle To Rebuild Is Proving Difficult in Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
The post-cold War Africa and Rise of Capitalism Unequal International Trade Corporate interests and activities in Internal Corruption conflicts Africa have also contributed to exploitation, conflic t and poverty for ordinary people while enriching African and foreign elites. Corporate Exploitation Interests icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
III. Education, Apprenticeship and Capacity Building in Africa According to the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), UNESCO and World Bank: Although literacy rates have greatly improved in Africa over the last few decades, approximately 40% of Africans over the age of 15, and 50% of women above the age of 25 remain illiterate. Illiteracy among individuals over the age of 15 stands at 41 per cent; gender disparity in education prevails in 75 per cent of countries: For the period 2000 06, Seychelles had the highest adult literacy rate (92%); Mali and Burkina Faso had the lowest (24%). Early childhood development is, in most countries, left to private sector actors primarily working in urban areas in aid of more advantaged social groups. Almost 50% of countries may not attain the goal of universal primary education by 2015; nearly 38 million children are not going to school. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
III. Education and Capacity Building in Africa Liberia has the lowest primary student-teacher ratio of 19; in Mozambique the ratio is 67. Cape Verde has the highest gross enrollment rate in secondary education (80%); Niger has the lowest (11%). The gross secondary school enrollment rate exceeds 20% in half of the countries, yet it remains below 8 per cent in 10 countries. Higher education and other levels and forms of education are experiencing problems with respect to access, quality and even relevance. In Uganda, a child who quits attending school is three times more likely to be HIV positive later on in life than a child who completes basic education. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Brain-Drained Africa Statistics on brain drain from Africa are scarce but troubling. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Africa has already lost one third of its human capital and is continuing to lose its skilled personnel at an increasing rate, with an estimated 20,000 doctors, university lecturers, engineers and other professionals leaving the continent annually since 1990. There are currently over 300,000 highly qualified Africans in the Diaspora, 30,000 of which have PhDs. At the same time, Africa spends US$4 billion per year (representing 35% of total official development aid to the continent) to employ some 100,000 Western experts performing functions generically described as technical assistance For example: 90% of private firms in Gabon are managed by expatriates. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Brain-Drained Africa Africa as a whole counts only 20,000 scientists (3.6 % percent of the world total) and its share in the worlds scientific output has fallen from 0.5% to 0.3% as it continues to suffer the brain drain of scientists, engineers and technologists. The problem has reached quite disturbing proportions in certain African countries, with Ethiopia ranked first in the continent in terms of rate of loss of human capital, followed by Nigeria and Ghana. Over the past 10-15 years, about 50% of Ethiopians who went abroad for training did not return after completing their studies. According to the estimates of the Presidential Committee on Brain Drain set up in 1988 by the Babangida administration, Nigeria, between 1986 and 1990, lost over 10,000 academics from tertiary education institutions alone. Total estimates, including those who left public, industrial and private organizations, are over 30,000. 64% of Nigerians in the United States aged 25 and older have at least a bachelors degree. In 1997 only, more than 1,000 professionals left Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe National Association of Social Workers estimates that 1,500 of the country's 3,000 trained social workers left for the United Kingdom over the past 10 years. Basically, African countries are funding the education of their nationals only to see them end up contributing to the growth of developed countries with little or no return on their investment. In Kenya, for example, it costs about US$40,000 to train a doctor and US$10,000-15,000 to educate a university student for 4 years. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Causes of Brain Drain Push Factors Pull Factors Low and eroding wages and Higher wages and income salaries Unsatisfactory living conditions, lack of Higher standard of living transport, housing, etc. Better working conditions; job and career opportunities and professional Under-utilization of qualified personnel; development lack of satisfactory working conditions; low prospect of professional development Substantial funds for research, advanced technology, modern facilities; availability of Lack of research and other experienced support staff facilities, including support staff; inadequacy of research funds, lack of professional Political stability equipment and tools Modern educational system; prestige of foreign training Social unrest, political conflicts and wars Meritocracy, transparency Declining quality of educational system Discrimination in appointments and promotions icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Will Cultural Diplomacy Heal the Ills in Africa? If So, How? icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 16 Berlin, 2012-
Future Role of CD in Africa To Invest in the FUTURE Generations Education, Apprenticeship Trainings, and Capacity Building Programs icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
The African Leadership Academy Agent: ALA is a registered non-profit educational charity developing the next generation of African leaders ALA was founded in 2004 by Fred Swaniker, Chris Bradford, Peter Mombaur and AchaLeke. ALAs Trustees and Advisors include internationally recognized luminaries in business, leadership development, education and social entrepreneurship. Since 2008, ALA has used a multifaceted admissions process to evaluate over 9,000 youth in 42 African nations to select the 380 young leaders in the first four classes making ALA one of the most selective educational institutions in the world icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Agenda: The African Leadership Academy African Leadership Academy seeks to enable lasting peace and prosperity in Africa by developing and connecting the continents future leaders. African Leadership Academy will develop and connect thousands of transformative young leaders in the next 50 years. African Leadership Academy achieves this mission through: (1) A robust admissions process that identifies 100 of Africas most promising young leaders each year, regardless of background (2) A rigorous two-year pre-university program that enables intellectual growth and leadership development, including sustained, authentic practice of entrepreneurial leadership, and (3) A lifelong ecosystem that connects these leaders with each other and with transformative opportunities that will expand the scope and scale of their dreams and impact. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
ALA: Agenda Our leadership development formula is relatively simple: we believe that by identifying young leaders with immense potential, enabling them to practice leadership, and connecting them with transformative opportunities, we can develop and empower the next Nelson Mandela, the next WangariMaathai, and Africas Jonas Salk and Steve Jobs. ElmahdiOummih - Director - North Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Vehicle & Target Audience http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUj5qSvqNVo icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Conclusion With a well-educated leadership generation and a well-trained human capital that master the language of the the 21st, namely information technology, Africa can engage in: 1) protecting its natural, economic, and cultural resources from the savage capitalistic greed, and the international chauvinistic sovereignty 2) Wisely managing its economic growth toward a sustainable and stable progress 3) Thus, becoming an active player in the World economy and decision making icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
Reference: Thank you! http://www.africagrantmakers.org/PDF/BasicFactsAboutEducation.pdf 1 http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-71762-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php- URL_ID=31059&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html http://facts.history.com/2009/07/23_africa.html http://www.jica.go.jp/cdstudy/library/pdf/20071101_33_01.pdf http://www.geocities.ws/aaumf/BrainDrain_in_Africa.pdf http://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/nurturing-network/events-conferences/facilities http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nnZLm21wA0 icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-

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Towards a Capacity-Building and Apprenticeship Education within African Nations

  • 1. Strengthening Inter-Cultural and International Relations in Africa through Cultural Diplomacy (African Summit, Berlin, October 23rd - 26th, 2012) Towards a Capacity-Building and Apprenticeship Education within African Nations Abdeslam Badre Morocco MA Student at ICD Berlin abdeslambadre@yahoo.com icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 2. Outline I. Africa as We Know It! II. Education, Apprenticeship and Capacity Building in Africa III. Will Cultural Diplomacy Heal the Ills in Africa? IV. The Future Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 3. I. Africa as We Know It! National, Regional, and Civil Wars Tribal Conflicts Political malaise Diseases Women and Minorities Abuses Poverty Child Labor Corruption Lack of Infrastructures Social Inequalities icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 3 Berlin, 2012-
  • 4. Is it a Heavenly Curse or a Man-Made Misery ??! icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 5. Bishop Desmond Tutu When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said, 'Let us pray.' We closed our eyes. When we opened them we had the Bible and they had the land. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 6. Map of Colonial Empire Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 7. Post-Colonial Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 7 Berlin, 2012-
  • 8. What happened during the 50 Years of African Independence?? Artificial Borders Created The Legacy Of European By Imperial Europe Colonialism The Rise of Neo-colonial Power + Cold War By Proxy - Supporting and Arming Dictatorships The Natural Struggle To Rebuild Is Proving Difficult in Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 9. The post-cold War Africa and Rise of Capitalism Unequal International Trade Corporate interests and activities in Internal Corruption conflicts Africa have also contributed to exploitation, conflic t and poverty for ordinary people while enriching African and foreign elites. Corporate Exploitation Interests icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 10. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 11. III. Education, Apprenticeship and Capacity Building in Africa According to the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), UNESCO and World Bank: Although literacy rates have greatly improved in Africa over the last few decades, approximately 40% of Africans over the age of 15, and 50% of women above the age of 25 remain illiterate. Illiteracy among individuals over the age of 15 stands at 41 per cent; gender disparity in education prevails in 75 per cent of countries: For the period 2000 06, Seychelles had the highest adult literacy rate (92%); Mali and Burkina Faso had the lowest (24%). Early childhood development is, in most countries, left to private sector actors primarily working in urban areas in aid of more advantaged social groups. Almost 50% of countries may not attain the goal of universal primary education by 2015; nearly 38 million children are not going to school. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 12. III. Education and Capacity Building in Africa Liberia has the lowest primary student-teacher ratio of 19; in Mozambique the ratio is 67. Cape Verde has the highest gross enrollment rate in secondary education (80%); Niger has the lowest (11%). The gross secondary school enrollment rate exceeds 20% in half of the countries, yet it remains below 8 per cent in 10 countries. Higher education and other levels and forms of education are experiencing problems with respect to access, quality and even relevance. In Uganda, a child who quits attending school is three times more likely to be HIV positive later on in life than a child who completes basic education. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 13. Brain-Drained Africa Statistics on brain drain from Africa are scarce but troubling. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Africa has already lost one third of its human capital and is continuing to lose its skilled personnel at an increasing rate, with an estimated 20,000 doctors, university lecturers, engineers and other professionals leaving the continent annually since 1990. There are currently over 300,000 highly qualified Africans in the Diaspora, 30,000 of which have PhDs. At the same time, Africa spends US$4 billion per year (representing 35% of total official development aid to the continent) to employ some 100,000 Western experts performing functions generically described as technical assistance For example: 90% of private firms in Gabon are managed by expatriates. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 14. Brain-Drained Africa Africa as a whole counts only 20,000 scientists (3.6 % percent of the world total) and its share in the worlds scientific output has fallen from 0.5% to 0.3% as it continues to suffer the brain drain of scientists, engineers and technologists. The problem has reached quite disturbing proportions in certain African countries, with Ethiopia ranked first in the continent in terms of rate of loss of human capital, followed by Nigeria and Ghana. Over the past 10-15 years, about 50% of Ethiopians who went abroad for training did not return after completing their studies. According to the estimates of the Presidential Committee on Brain Drain set up in 1988 by the Babangida administration, Nigeria, between 1986 and 1990, lost over 10,000 academics from tertiary education institutions alone. Total estimates, including those who left public, industrial and private organizations, are over 30,000. 64% of Nigerians in the United States aged 25 and older have at least a bachelors degree. In 1997 only, more than 1,000 professionals left Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe National Association of Social Workers estimates that 1,500 of the country's 3,000 trained social workers left for the United Kingdom over the past 10 years. Basically, African countries are funding the education of their nationals only to see them end up contributing to the growth of developed countries with little or no return on their investment. In Kenya, for example, it costs about US$40,000 to train a doctor and US$10,000-15,000 to educate a university student for 4 years. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 15. Causes of Brain Drain Push Factors Pull Factors Low and eroding wages and Higher wages and income salaries Unsatisfactory living conditions, lack of Higher standard of living transport, housing, etc. Better working conditions; job and career opportunities and professional Under-utilization of qualified personnel; development lack of satisfactory working conditions; low prospect of professional development Substantial funds for research, advanced technology, modern facilities; availability of Lack of research and other experienced support staff facilities, including support staff; inadequacy of research funds, lack of professional Political stability equipment and tools Modern educational system; prestige of foreign training Social unrest, political conflicts and wars Meritocracy, transparency Declining quality of educational system Discrimination in appointments and promotions icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 16. Will Cultural Diplomacy Heal the Ills in Africa? If So, How? icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 16 Berlin, 2012-
  • 17. Future Role of CD in Africa To Invest in the FUTURE Generations Education, Apprenticeship Trainings, and Capacity Building Programs icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 18. The African Leadership Academy Agent: ALA is a registered non-profit educational charity developing the next generation of African leaders ALA was founded in 2004 by Fred Swaniker, Chris Bradford, Peter Mombaur and AchaLeke. ALAs Trustees and Advisors include internationally recognized luminaries in business, leadership development, education and social entrepreneurship. Since 2008, ALA has used a multifaceted admissions process to evaluate over 9,000 youth in 42 African nations to select the 380 young leaders in the first four classes making ALA one of the most selective educational institutions in the world icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 19. Agenda: The African Leadership Academy African Leadership Academy seeks to enable lasting peace and prosperity in Africa by developing and connecting the continents future leaders. African Leadership Academy will develop and connect thousands of transformative young leaders in the next 50 years. African Leadership Academy achieves this mission through: (1) A robust admissions process that identifies 100 of Africas most promising young leaders each year, regardless of background (2) A rigorous two-year pre-university program that enables intellectual growth and leadership development, including sustained, authentic practice of entrepreneurial leadership, and (3) A lifelong ecosystem that connects these leaders with each other and with transformative opportunities that will expand the scope and scale of their dreams and impact. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 20. ALA: Agenda Our leadership development formula is relatively simple: we believe that by identifying young leaders with immense potential, enabling them to practice leadership, and connecting them with transformative opportunities, we can develop and empower the next Nelson Mandela, the next WangariMaathai, and Africas Jonas Salk and Steve Jobs. ElmahdiOummih - Director - North Africa icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 21. Vehicle & Target Audience http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUj5qSvqNVo icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 22. Conclusion With a well-educated leadership generation and a well-trained human capital that master the language of the the 21st, namely information technology, Africa can engage in: 1) protecting its natural, economic, and cultural resources from the savage capitalistic greed, and the international chauvinistic sovereignty 2) Wisely managing its economic growth toward a sustainable and stable progress 3) Thus, becoming an active player in the World economy and decision making icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
  • 23. Reference: Thank you! http://www.africagrantmakers.org/PDF/BasicFactsAboutEducation.pdf 1 http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-71762-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php- URL_ID=31059&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html http://facts.history.com/2009/07/23_africa.html http://www.jica.go.jp/cdstudy/library/pdf/20071101_33_01.pdf http://www.geocities.ws/aaumf/BrainDrain_in_Africa.pdf http://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/nurturing-network/events-conferences/facilities http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nnZLm21wA0 icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre - 10/25/2012 Berlin, 2012-
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