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Aksum University digital libraries

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Eskinder Asmelash
Eskinder Asmelash

1. The document introduces digital libraries, which organize digital objects like text, images, video and audio along with methods for access, retrieval, selection, organization and maintenance. 2. Key components of a digital library include converting physical content to digital, extracting metadata, storing content and metadata in a repository, and providing client services for browsing and delivering content. 3. A digital library manages digital objects which can have complex structures and relationships, and groups of objects represent the information in the digital library.

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Introducing Digital Libraries Eskinder Asmelash AKSUM University 2010
The Current Environment Web 2.0 / Library 2.0 Blogs / RSS Feeds / Wikis / Podcasts / Webcasts Open Source Software, Open Standards, Open URL User Tagging, Automated Tagging OA -> OAP + OAA Open Resource Discovery Tools - Google Scholar E-Books, E-Journals, E-Resources Harvesting, Federation, Metasearching Digital Rights Management
Organizational Transformation in Libraries Traditional / Automated 損 Organization is physical 損 Shelving of documents - Based on Subject Cln 損 Key - Index / Catalogues / Cards / Digital Catalgs 損 Cards - Real/Virtual - Author, Title, Descriptions Digital 損 Organization in terms of digital files /objects 損 Contains material digitized form 損 Contains digital material 損 Architecture 損 Key - Metadata
Shift in Technologies / Approaches Traditional Automated Dig. Library Limited/ Rigid Improved Efficient/ Flexible AACR2 AACR2 Metadata LCCS ISO 2709 DCMI -- W3C DDC / UDC CCF EAD, TEI, DTD Thesauri/LCSH MARC METS,MODS, Thesauri Z39.50 MARC21
What is a Digital Library? A Working definition: A digital library is an organized and focused collection of digital objects, including text, images, video and audio, along with methods for access and retrieval, and for selection, creation, organization, and maintenance of the collection.
What is a DL? Collection of digital objects (text, video, audio) along with methods for access and retrieval, [user] and for selection, organization, and maintenance [lib] Kitchens for knowledge preparation WWW DL!organization, selectivity Nice Web site DL!import new documents easily
Workflow in DLs Selection of source documents Content digitization/ acquisition Content organization Metadata preparation, full-text tagging Content publishing Quality control, Content loading Content indexing and storage (repository) Access and delivery (services)
DL Repository
Functional Components of a Digital Library
Key Components 1. Initial conversion of content from physical to digital form. 2. The extraction or creation of metadata or indexing information describing the content to facilitate searching and discovery, as well as administrative and structural metadata to assist in object viewing, management, and preservation.
Key Components 3. Storage of digital content and metadata in an appropriate multimedia repository. The repository will include rights management capabilities to enforce intellectual property rights, if required. E- commerce functionality may also be present if needed to handle accounting and billing.
Key Components 4. Client services for the browser, including repository querying and workflow 5. Content delivery via file transfer or streaming media 6. Patron access through a browser or dedicated client 7. A private or public network.
Digital Objects Technically, a digital library is built up from simple components, notably digital objects A digital object is a way of structuring information in digital form, some of which may be metadata, and includes a unique identifier, called a handle.
Digital Objects A single work may have many parts, a complex internal structure, and one or more arbitrary relationships to other works. To represent the complexity of information in the digital library, several digital objects may be grouped together. This is called a set of digital objects. All digital objects have the same basic form, but the structure of a set of digital objects depends upon the information it represents.
Digital Objects
What are digital libraries for? Scholarly communication, education, research E-journals, e-books, data sets, e-learning Access to cultural collections Cultural, heritage, historical & special collections, museums, biodiversity E-governance Improved access to government policies, plans, procedures, rules and regulations Archiving and preservation Many more
DL Software Features Different logical document types and levels Book/ chapter, conference/paper, journal/ paper, lecture, project report, photographs, etc Associate metadata with document types
DL Software Features Different document formats Word, PDF, HTML, PS, etc. Non-Latin scripts Document acquisition/ publishing Online/ offline Central/ distributed Quality control
DL Software Features Indexing and storage Automatic metadata extraction Structured/full text indexing Data compression Access and delivery Structured search, browse, object searching, hierarchical browsing, fine-grained search CD/DVD-ROM distribution Personalization, customization
DL Software Features Access/ rights management Who can access? What? How much? Usage restrictions Usage monitoring and reporting Who is using? How much? Uptime? Response time? Recall/ Precision? Failures? Preservation: Long term access Link checks, persistent object identification, content refreshing Interoperability OAI, Z39.50 compliance Standards compliance XML, Dublin Core, Unicode Scaling up for large collections

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Aksum University digital libraries

  • 1. Introducing Digital Libraries Eskinder Asmelash AKSUM University 2010
  • 2. The Current Environment Web 2.0 / Library 2.0 Blogs / RSS Feeds / Wikis / Podcasts / Webcasts Open Source Software, Open Standards, Open URL User Tagging, Automated Tagging OA -> OAP + OAA Open Resource Discovery Tools - Google Scholar E-Books, E-Journals, E-Resources Harvesting, Federation, Metasearching Digital Rights Management
  • 3. Organizational Transformation in Libraries Traditional / Automated 損 Organization is physical 損 Shelving of documents - Based on Subject Cln 損 Key - Index / Catalogues / Cards / Digital Catalgs 損 Cards - Real/Virtual - Author, Title, Descriptions Digital 損 Organization in terms of digital files /objects 損 Contains material digitized form 損 Contains digital material 損 Architecture 損 Key - Metadata
  • 4. Shift in Technologies / Approaches Traditional Automated Dig. Library Limited/ Rigid Improved Efficient/ Flexible AACR2 AACR2 Metadata LCCS ISO 2709 DCMI -- W3C DDC / UDC CCF EAD, TEI, DTD Thesauri/LCSH MARC METS,MODS, Thesauri Z39.50 MARC21
  • 5. What is a Digital Library? A Working definition: A digital library is an organized and focused collection of digital objects, including text, images, video and audio, along with methods for access and retrieval, and for selection, creation, organization, and maintenance of the collection.
  • 6. What is a DL? Collection of digital objects (text, video, audio) along with methods for access and retrieval, [user] and for selection, organization, and maintenance [lib] Kitchens for knowledge preparation WWW DL!organization, selectivity Nice Web site DL!import new documents easily
  • 7. Workflow in DLs Selection of source documents Content digitization/ acquisition Content organization Metadata preparation, full-text tagging Content publishing Quality control, Content loading Content indexing and storage (repository) Access and delivery (services)
  • 9. Functional Components of a Digital Library
  • 10. Key Components 1. Initial conversion of content from physical to digital form. 2. The extraction or creation of metadata or indexing information describing the content to facilitate searching and discovery, as well as administrative and structural metadata to assist in object viewing, management, and preservation.
  • 11. Key Components 3. Storage of digital content and metadata in an appropriate multimedia repository. The repository will include rights management capabilities to enforce intellectual property rights, if required. E- commerce functionality may also be present if needed to handle accounting and billing.
  • 12. Key Components 4. Client services for the browser, including repository querying and workflow 5. Content delivery via file transfer or streaming media 6. Patron access through a browser or dedicated client 7. A private or public network.
  • 13. Digital Objects Technically, a digital library is built up from simple components, notably digital objects A digital object is a way of structuring information in digital form, some of which may be metadata, and includes a unique identifier, called a handle.
  • 14. Digital Objects A single work may have many parts, a complex internal structure, and one or more arbitrary relationships to other works. To represent the complexity of information in the digital library, several digital objects may be grouped together. This is called a set of digital objects. All digital objects have the same basic form, but the structure of a set of digital objects depends upon the information it represents.
  • 16. What are digital libraries for? Scholarly communication, education, research E-journals, e-books, data sets, e-learning Access to cultural collections Cultural, heritage, historical & special collections, museums, biodiversity E-governance Improved access to government policies, plans, procedures, rules and regulations Archiving and preservation Many more
  • 17. DL Software Features Different logical document types and levels Book/ chapter, conference/paper, journal/ paper, lecture, project report, photographs, etc Associate metadata with document types
  • 18. DL Software Features Different document formats Word, PDF, HTML, PS, etc. Non-Latin scripts Document acquisition/ publishing Online/ offline Central/ distributed Quality control
  • 19. DL Software Features Indexing and storage Automatic metadata extraction Structured/full text indexing Data compression Access and delivery Structured search, browse, object searching, hierarchical browsing, fine-grained search CD/DVD-ROM distribution Personalization, customization
  • 20. DL Software Features Access/ rights management Who can access? What? How much? Usage restrictions Usage monitoring and reporting Who is using? How much? Uptime? Response time? Recall/ Precision? Failures? Preservation: Long term access Link checks, persistent object identification, content refreshing Interoperability OAI, Z39.50 compliance Standards compliance XML, Dublin Core, Unicode Scaling up for large collections

Editor's Notes

  1. DTD (Document Type Definition) A formal specification of the structural elements and markup definitions to be used in encoding certain types of documents in SGML. Instances of DTDs include EAD, HTML and TEI . Encoded Archival Description (EAD), an SGML DTD that represents a highly structured way to create digital finding aids for a grouping of archival or manuscript materials. Encoded Archival Description (EAD), adopted as a standard by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) in 1999 Text Encoding Initiative (TEI),
  2. These components might not all be part of a discrete digital library system, but could be provided by other related or multi-purpose systems or environments. Accordingly, integration is a consistent issue cited by digital library developers. To interoperate with the existing library infrastructure, the digital library must be designed to work with existing library catalogs and incorporate industry standards, formats, and protocols. The term digital library is often used to describe any multimedia management system holding digitized information, but this does not mean it will deliver true library application functionality. Thus, these digital library components must also be tailored to capture, encode, and deliver information according to the standard practices adopted by the library industry. Because of the rapid pace of technological change, some standards are concrete and others are emerging.
  3. Repositories store and manage digital objects and other information. A large digital library may have many repositories of various types, including modern repositories, legacy databases, and Web servers. The interface to this repository is called the repository access protocol (RAP) . Features of RAP are explicit recognition of rights and permissions that need to be satisfied before a client can access a digital object, support for a very general range of disseminations of digital objects, and an open architecture with well defined interfaces.
  4. From a computing view, the digital library is built up from simple components, notably digital objects . A digital object is a way of structuring information in digital form, some of which may be metadata , and includes a unique identifier, called a handle . However, the information in the digital library is far from simple. A single work may have many parts, a complex internal structure, and one or more arbitrary relationships to other works. To represent the complexity of information in the digital library, several digital objects may be grouped together. This is called a set of digital objects . All digital objects have the same basic form, but the structure of a set of digital objects depends upon the information it represents.