Apiculture: Honeybee Species
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In this powerPoint, included classification, habit and habitat and different wild and domestic species of honeybees and their importance. It will be beneficial to all the students, learners and educators.
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Apiculture: Honeybee Species
- 1. Presented by Dr. Arun B. Sawarkar 1. Bee Biology B.P. Arts, S.M.A. Science & K.K.C. Commerce College, Chalisgaon, Dist- Jalgaon (MS) (Honeybee species)
- 2. Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Division: Endopterygota Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: Apis Species: i) dorsata ii) cerana iii) florea iv) mellifera (Exoskeleton, jointed appendages) (Body-head, thorax and abdomen, paired wings and three pairs of legs) (one or two pairs of wings) (Life cycle stages- Egg, larva, pupa and adult, Ex: Butterfly, beetle, honeybee) (Membranous wings, Forewings larger than hind wings, coupling apparatus, Ex: Ants, Bees & wasps) (Social bees Ex: honeybees, bumblebees) Classification
- 3. Honey bees are worldwide in distribution. They are highly organized social insects living in colonies. They are known for their art of manufacturing honey and bee-wax. They are active throughout the year but winter season they do little work and do not rear the brood. They exhibit polymorphism and good division of labour. The worker communicates to the other workers by performing dances known as dance language of the bees. Habit and habitats
- 4. 1. Apis dorsata (Rock- bee) It is the largest honeybee (Size of worker bee 17-20 mm). The body generally reddish brown in colour with golden, black and pale bands on the abdomen. It builds single large vertical comb on high branches of trees and rocks. Each colony consists of about 60,000-1,00,000 worker. https://www.flickr.com/photos/wwwssn comphotos/5702725213 Photograph by Dr. Arun Sawarkar It is efficient pollinator and honey producer bee. They produce about 27-40 Kg honey per comb per year. It is ferocious in nature, stings severely causing fever.
- 5. 2. Apis cerana indica (Indian bee) It is medium sized bee and measures about 14-15 mm. The body generally yellowish brown and have more prominent even black bands across the entire abdomen. The colony consists of 7-8 parallel combs builds in dark places like cavities of tree Trunks, rocks crevices, caves or even house cavities. The average honey yield is about 6-8 kg per colony/ year. A colony may consists of about 2,000-15,000 individuals. This bee is little ferocious but can easily domesticated. It is very popular for pollination in the agriculture field. Photograph by Dr. Arun Sawarkar https://www.flickr.com/photos/wwwssnc omphotos/5702725213
- 6. 3. Apis florea (The little bee) Photograph by Dr. Arun Sawarkarhttps://deinsectos.org/abejas/apis- florea/ It is commonly known as little bee or red dwarf bee due to its small size (about 7-10 mm). The body is generally red-brown in colour with white and black bands on the abdomen. They build a single vertical combs in branches of bushes, hedges, buildings, caves, empty cases etc. Each colony may consists of about 800- 3000 individuals. They produce around 300 to 800 gm of honey per hive per year. The honey has demand due to the medicinal properties.
- 7. 4. Apis mellifera (The European bee) Photograph by Dr. Arun Sawarkar It is the medium-sized honeybees and size 14-16 mm. It is red/brown in colour with black bands and orange yellow rings on abdomen. The colony consists of many parallel combs builds in dark places such as cavities of tree trunks, within rocks, trees. A colony consists of typically 30,000-1,00,000 honeybees. It is highly popular and domesticated for agriculture field because of high pollination rate. The average honey production per colony is about 25-60 kg/year.
- 8. 5. Dammer bees (stingless bees) Two species of stingless bees, i.e. Melipona and Trigona occur in India. These bees are smallest honeybee (size 3 to 4 mm). They build irregular combs of wax and resinous substances in crevices and hollow tree trunks. Colony size ranges between 100-1500 individuals per hive. They are good pollinators for various food crops. The honey yield per hive per year is about 300 to 1200 gm. The honey is dark and bitter and has high medicinal value. It is an excellent domesticated species, easily hived and rarely absconds the nest. Photograph by Dr. Arun Sawarkar Photograph by Dr. Arun Sawarkar