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CHAPTER 9
Architecture
I. Definition of Architecture
 architectura
 arkitekton
 master builder
 chief or leader
 carpenter
Architecture is the art of designing structures.
II. The Role of Architect
The architect is to be concerned with the
following:
1.Construction
2.Articulation
3.Aesthetics
Ernest Gardner. The role of the architect is constantly evolving.
III. Theory of Architecture
A good building should satisfy the principles of
firmitatis utilitatis venustatis.
 DURABILITY  it should stand up robustly
and remain in good condition.
 UTILITY  it should be useful; and function
well for the people using it.
 BEAUTY  it should delight people, and raise
their spirits.
Is this a work of an architecture?
You employ stone, wood, and concrete,
and with these materials you build houses
and palaces: that is construction.
Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you
touch my heart, you do me good. I am
happy and I say: This is beautiful. That
is Architecture.
IV. Brief Historical
Trace of Architecture
A. GREEK ARCHITECTURE
1. Cretan Period
2. Mycenaean Period
3. Classic Greek
CRETAN PERIOD
Palace of King Minos.
MYCENAEAN PERIOD
cyclopean walls
CLASSIC GREEK
Sacred Rock of Athens
B. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
Collosseum
Pantheon
Nimes
amphitheaters
C. BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
Dome ofSt. Peter's Basilica
Hagia Sophia church
D. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
E. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
F. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
The Duomo, Florence
G. 19th
CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
Manchester, Reform Club (former), King Street
H. CURRENT TRENDS
V. Modern Concepts of
Architecture
Though its aesthetic dimension
architecture goes beyond the functional
aspects that it has in common with other
human sciences (Nunzia Rondanini).
The values and attitudes which underly
modern architecture differ both between
the schools of thoughts, which influence
architecture and between individual
practicing architects (Ivar Holm).
VI. Architectural Planning
 Orientation
 Design
 Fenestration
 Walls
 Color
 Material and Techniques
VII. Types of Architecture
According to Function
A. DOMESTIC
Houses
B. RECREATIONAL
Sabungan
C. COMMERCIAL
Sari-sari store Mall of Asia
D. RELIGIOUS
Chapel Cathedral
E. MILITARY OR DEFENSE
Lighthouse Watchtower
F. FACTORIES
VIII. Cultural Meaning of
Architecture
Architects help bring meaning
to the material world by shaping
our understanding of where and
how we are (Geronimo
Manahan).
Language of architecture in our
cybernetic age, besides using the
language of classical architecture
and that of the modern
architecture, looks at
interconnectedness and symbiosis
(Geronimo Manahan).
IX. Challenges Confronting
the Philippine Architecture
Jai Alai Building
Walls of Intramuros
St. Cecilias Hall
Museo Ilocos Norte in Laoag
X. Redefining the Boundaries of
the Philippine Architecture
Alcazaren believes that the year 2000 was a
benchmark year for the Philippine
Architecture.
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Towers in our city
Architecture humanities

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