This document provides information about the textbook "Social Science: Social and Political Life-II" for Class VII for the academic year 2021-22. It includes details such as the publisher (National Council of Educational Research and Training), year of first publication and subsequent reprints, price, production details and publication team members. It also contains a foreword highlighting the approach of the textbook in linking lessons to students' lives outside school and discouraging rote learning. An acknowledgements section thanks various individuals and institutions who contributed to the development of the textbook.
This document provides information about a science textbook for class 7 published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in India. Some key details include:
- The textbook was first published in January 2007 and has since had several reprints and revisions.
- It is meant to help implement the principles of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005, which recommends linking children's learning to their lives outside of school.
- The textbook contains activities for hands-on learning to make science more engaging and discourage rote memorization. It also aims to reduce curricular burden on students.
Map 1 from 1154 CE and Map 2 from the 1720s depict the same area of the Indian subcontinent. Map 1, created by the Arab geographer Al-Idrisi, is less accurate with places labeled in Arabic and south India appearing in the north. Map 2, created by a French cartographer nearly 600 years later, seems more familiar to us as information had changed considerably over time. The maps demonstrate how cartography and knowledge of geography evolved between the 12th and 18th centuries.
Ravi notices that the playground near his school has been dug up to make way for a new building. He is upset that the natural space with grass and flowers is being replaced. In class, Ravi learns about the concept of environment from his teacher. The teacher explains that the environment includes both natural elements created by nature as well as human-made objects. Ravi realizes that both natural spaces like fields as well as human constructions like roads and buildings are part of the environment. The teacher notes that as human needs increase, the natural environment is increasingly being modified or destroyed.
This document provides biographical information about several famous athletes:
- Michael Phelps is the most decorated Olympian of all time with 28 medals in swimming.
- Mary Kom is an Indian boxer who was the first woman to win 6 world championships in boxing.
- Neeraj Chopra won gold in javelin throw at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, becoming the first Indian to win an athletics gold.
- Usain Bolt holds world records in sprinting and is considered the greatest sprinter of all time.
- PV Sindhu is an Indian badminton player who won gold at the 2019 World Championships and other international events.
- Mirabai Chanu won India's first weight
SSC COMPOSITION ON SPORTS MADE BY NITYANT SINGHALNityant Singhal
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The document provides a history of the Olympic Games, including when and where they have been held since 1896. It notes that the summer and winter Olympics are held every four years, two years apart. It then profiles several famous Olympic athletes, including Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian ever with 28 total medals; Mary Kom, the first woman to win six boxing world championships; Neeraj Chopra, the first Indian to win an Olympic gold in track and field; Usain Bolt, holding world records in sprinting; PV Sindhu, a professional badminton player and medalist; and Mirabai Chanu, who won India's first Olympic silver medal in weightlifting in 2020.
Without math, bicycles could not be designed or ridden efficiently. Bicycle wheels are circular rather than polygonal shapes to reduce friction. Gear ratios and wheel revolutions per minute determine a cyclist's speed according to mathematical formulas. A cyclist uses different gear combinations matched to terrain to optimize pedaling efficiency and reach a variety of speeds.
This document provides hints for various sports-related terms in a word search puzzle. It lists the Paralympics and Olympics mascots, the first Indian javelin throw gold medalist, the player with most swimming gold medals, the fastest 100m runner, and the rankings of medals. It also defines badminton, swimming, judo, tennis, football, wrestling, shooting and their involvement in the Olympics or Paralympics.
- Coastal areas experience sea breezes during the day and land breezes at night due to differences in how quickly land and water heat and cool.
- During the day, the land heats up faster than the water, causing the warmer air over land to rise and be replaced by cooler air blowing from the sea towards land.
- At night, the water cools more slowly, so the cooler air over land moves towards the sea, creating land breezes.
- Windows of coastal houses face the sea to take advantage of the cooler sea breezes.
Civics how state govt works notes class 7 nityant singhalNityant Singhal
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State governments in India work at three levels - national, state, and local. At the state level, members of legislative assemblies (MLAs) are elected by the people to represent constituencies and enter the legislative assembly. The political party with a majority of MLAs forms the ruling government with a chief minister as the head. Key aspects of state government include the governor, legislative assembly, and council of ministers headed by the chief minister. The legislative assembly passes laws, debates issues, and oversees the work of government departments on matters pertaining to the state like health, education, and sanitation.
Geography our changing earth notes class 7. Nityant SinghalNityant Singhal
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The document discusses various geological processes that shape the Earth's surface. It describes how the lithospheric plates slowly move due to convection currents in the mantle, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions at plate boundaries. It also explains different erosional and depositional landforms formed by rivers, seas, glaciers, and wind. Weathering and erosion are defined as geological processes that break down and transport surface material.
The document summarizes key aspects of air and the atmosphere. It describes the composition of the atmosphere, which is mostly nitrogen and oxygen. It also notes that the atmosphere is divided into five layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. The first layer, the troposphere, extends from the Earth's surface to around 13 km and contains the air we breathe. Weather occurs within the troposphere, while climate refers to average weather conditions over a longer period of time. The document also discusses air pressure, winds, moisture, clouds, precipitation and the different types of rainfall.
Three-fourths of the Earth's surface is covered in water, causing it to be called the blue planet. The sun's heat causes the water cycle where water evaporates, rises into clouds, condenses, and falls as precipitation onto land and sea. Most of Earth's water is salty ocean water, while a small portion is fresh water found in rivers, lakes, and glaciers. The ocean contains waves, tides, and currents that cause its waters to constantly move.
The document defines and describes key concepts relating to environment and natural environment. It explains that the natural environment consists of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. The lithosphere refers to the solid crust of Earth including rocks, minerals and soil. The hydrosphere comprises water bodies like rivers and oceans. The atmosphere is the thin layer of air surrounding Earth, and the biosphere includes all plant and animal life together on Earth. An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment as all are linked by energy and material transfers.
During the 7th to 12th centuries, several major ruling dynasties emerged across the Indian subcontinent. These included the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, Rashtrakutas, and Chahamanas in North India and the Cholas, Pandyas, and Chalukyas in South India. The new dynasties were originally powerful landlords and warriors who gained independence from existing kings. The dynasties administered their kingdoms through a bureaucracy collecting taxes from peasants, traders, and artisans. They competed for control of the fertile region of Kannauj and engaged in warfare to gain wealth and territory. Notable rulers included Rajaraja I of the Cholas
- Delhi first became the capital under the Tomara Rajputs in the early 12th century and flourished further under the Chauhans from 1165-1192.
- The Delhi Sultanate, established in the early 13th century, transformed Delhi into the capital that controlled vast areas of the subcontinent. Notable rulers included Alauddin Khilji of the Khilji Dynasty who expanded into southern India and Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
- Inscriptions, coins, architecture, and historical texts called tawarikh provide information about the Delhi Sultanate and its expansion of rule across northern and central India until the establishment of the Mughal Empire in 15
This document provides information on COVID-19 (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) including its structure, genome, symptoms, risk factors, transmission, testing, treatment and myths. It discusses that SARS-CoV-2 predominantly infects the lower respiratory tract, causing pneumonia, and attaches to ACE2 receptors. Testing involves nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs tested with RT-PCR. Treatment focuses on supportive care and isolation depending on severity of symptoms.
The document provides information about COVID-19 and the NSW Health response. It defines SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and details the timeline of the outbreak worldwide and in Australia. It describes NSW Health's response, which includes establishing clinical councils, providing advice to healthcare workers, developing diagnostic tests, managing cases through infection control and public health measures, and regular public updates. It provides guidance on case definitions, testing criteria, and infection prevention and control strategies to prevent transmission, including the use of personal protective equipment and isolation for suspected or confirmed cases.
The chapter discusses the significant global issue of hunger and malnutrition, noting that approximately 925 million people are hungry despite sufficient global food production. It argues for increased investment in food production, market innovations, and interventions against micronutrient malnutrition to address these challenges, while examining the causes and trends in hunger. The authors advocate for a multi-faceted approach that bundles various interventions to effectively combat undernutrition and improve food security.
Nityant TEMPLATES AND IMAGES FOR PPT on HUNGERNityant Singhal
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The document discusses world hunger and presents statistics related to it. A graph shows categories of hunger and different data series within those categories. A table slide shows statistics broken down by quarter. In closing, it thanks the audience.
The document includes a pledge of loyalty to India and a commitment to respect elders and promote the well-being of the country. It also features a short story about a camel and a jackal who, after enjoying a feast, face consequences due to the jackal's irresponsible behavior. The moral of the story emphasizes that one's actions will ultimately determine their fate.
This document provides information about textile fibers. It defines fibers as the basic units that make up textiles and are spun into yarns. It discusses the characteristics of different fibers and how they impact properties like strength, absorbency, and durability. The document separates fibers into two main groups: natural fibers from plants and animals, and manufactured fibers made from chemicals. Specific natural fibers like cotton, linen, wool, and silk are examined. Common manufactured fibers such as rayon, nylon, polyester, and acrylic are also described. The document concludes with a brief overview of weaving and knitting, the two main methods used to construct fabrics from yarns.
This document discusses different types of computer viruses:
- File infector viruses add virus code to program files, infecting other files when the infected program is executed.
- Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector of disks, infecting the system every time the disk is booted.
- Executable file viruses infect executable files and spread to other files when those files are run.
- Macro viruses infect files containing macros, spreading through applications that use macros.
- Worms replicate themselves, eventually overtaking computer resources.
- Trojan horses appear as benign programs but secretly damage systems.
- Rootkits allow remote control of infected computers by hiding their presence.
- Rogue antivirus software,
A greenhouse is a structure primarily made of transparent materials, used to cultivate plants under controlled conditions, with various types such as glasshouses, net houses, and polytunnels. Greenhouses offer advantages like pest prevention and extended growing seasons but can be expensive to maintain and require expert setup. They regulate light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels to optimize plant growth.
SSC COMPOSITION ON SPORTS MADE BY NITYANT SINGHALNityant Singhal
?
The document provides a history of the Olympic Games, including when and where they have been held since 1896. It notes that the summer and winter Olympics are held every four years, two years apart. It then profiles several famous Olympic athletes, including Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian ever with 28 total medals; Mary Kom, the first woman to win six boxing world championships; Neeraj Chopra, the first Indian to win an Olympic gold in track and field; Usain Bolt, holding world records in sprinting; PV Sindhu, a professional badminton player and medalist; and Mirabai Chanu, who won India's first Olympic silver medal in weightlifting in 2020.
Without math, bicycles could not be designed or ridden efficiently. Bicycle wheels are circular rather than polygonal shapes to reduce friction. Gear ratios and wheel revolutions per minute determine a cyclist's speed according to mathematical formulas. A cyclist uses different gear combinations matched to terrain to optimize pedaling efficiency and reach a variety of speeds.
This document provides hints for various sports-related terms in a word search puzzle. It lists the Paralympics and Olympics mascots, the first Indian javelin throw gold medalist, the player with most swimming gold medals, the fastest 100m runner, and the rankings of medals. It also defines badminton, swimming, judo, tennis, football, wrestling, shooting and their involvement in the Olympics or Paralympics.
- Coastal areas experience sea breezes during the day and land breezes at night due to differences in how quickly land and water heat and cool.
- During the day, the land heats up faster than the water, causing the warmer air over land to rise and be replaced by cooler air blowing from the sea towards land.
- At night, the water cools more slowly, so the cooler air over land moves towards the sea, creating land breezes.
- Windows of coastal houses face the sea to take advantage of the cooler sea breezes.
Civics how state govt works notes class 7 nityant singhalNityant Singhal
?
State governments in India work at three levels - national, state, and local. At the state level, members of legislative assemblies (MLAs) are elected by the people to represent constituencies and enter the legislative assembly. The political party with a majority of MLAs forms the ruling government with a chief minister as the head. Key aspects of state government include the governor, legislative assembly, and council of ministers headed by the chief minister. The legislative assembly passes laws, debates issues, and oversees the work of government departments on matters pertaining to the state like health, education, and sanitation.
Geography our changing earth notes class 7. Nityant SinghalNityant Singhal
?
The document discusses various geological processes that shape the Earth's surface. It describes how the lithospheric plates slowly move due to convection currents in the mantle, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions at plate boundaries. It also explains different erosional and depositional landforms formed by rivers, seas, glaciers, and wind. Weathering and erosion are defined as geological processes that break down and transport surface material.
The document summarizes key aspects of air and the atmosphere. It describes the composition of the atmosphere, which is mostly nitrogen and oxygen. It also notes that the atmosphere is divided into five layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. The first layer, the troposphere, extends from the Earth's surface to around 13 km and contains the air we breathe. Weather occurs within the troposphere, while climate refers to average weather conditions over a longer period of time. The document also discusses air pressure, winds, moisture, clouds, precipitation and the different types of rainfall.
Three-fourths of the Earth's surface is covered in water, causing it to be called the blue planet. The sun's heat causes the water cycle where water evaporates, rises into clouds, condenses, and falls as precipitation onto land and sea. Most of Earth's water is salty ocean water, while a small portion is fresh water found in rivers, lakes, and glaciers. The ocean contains waves, tides, and currents that cause its waters to constantly move.
The document defines and describes key concepts relating to environment and natural environment. It explains that the natural environment consists of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. The lithosphere refers to the solid crust of Earth including rocks, minerals and soil. The hydrosphere comprises water bodies like rivers and oceans. The atmosphere is the thin layer of air surrounding Earth, and the biosphere includes all plant and animal life together on Earth. An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment as all are linked by energy and material transfers.
During the 7th to 12th centuries, several major ruling dynasties emerged across the Indian subcontinent. These included the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, Rashtrakutas, and Chahamanas in North India and the Cholas, Pandyas, and Chalukyas in South India. The new dynasties were originally powerful landlords and warriors who gained independence from existing kings. The dynasties administered their kingdoms through a bureaucracy collecting taxes from peasants, traders, and artisans. They competed for control of the fertile region of Kannauj and engaged in warfare to gain wealth and territory. Notable rulers included Rajaraja I of the Cholas
- Delhi first became the capital under the Tomara Rajputs in the early 12th century and flourished further under the Chauhans from 1165-1192.
- The Delhi Sultanate, established in the early 13th century, transformed Delhi into the capital that controlled vast areas of the subcontinent. Notable rulers included Alauddin Khilji of the Khilji Dynasty who expanded into southern India and Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
- Inscriptions, coins, architecture, and historical texts called tawarikh provide information about the Delhi Sultanate and its expansion of rule across northern and central India until the establishment of the Mughal Empire in 15
This document provides information on COVID-19 (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) including its structure, genome, symptoms, risk factors, transmission, testing, treatment and myths. It discusses that SARS-CoV-2 predominantly infects the lower respiratory tract, causing pneumonia, and attaches to ACE2 receptors. Testing involves nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs tested with RT-PCR. Treatment focuses on supportive care and isolation depending on severity of symptoms.
The document provides information about COVID-19 and the NSW Health response. It defines SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and details the timeline of the outbreak worldwide and in Australia. It describes NSW Health's response, which includes establishing clinical councils, providing advice to healthcare workers, developing diagnostic tests, managing cases through infection control and public health measures, and regular public updates. It provides guidance on case definitions, testing criteria, and infection prevention and control strategies to prevent transmission, including the use of personal protective equipment and isolation for suspected or confirmed cases.
The chapter discusses the significant global issue of hunger and malnutrition, noting that approximately 925 million people are hungry despite sufficient global food production. It argues for increased investment in food production, market innovations, and interventions against micronutrient malnutrition to address these challenges, while examining the causes and trends in hunger. The authors advocate for a multi-faceted approach that bundles various interventions to effectively combat undernutrition and improve food security.
Nityant TEMPLATES AND IMAGES FOR PPT on HUNGERNityant Singhal
?
The document discusses world hunger and presents statistics related to it. A graph shows categories of hunger and different data series within those categories. A table slide shows statistics broken down by quarter. In closing, it thanks the audience.
The document includes a pledge of loyalty to India and a commitment to respect elders and promote the well-being of the country. It also features a short story about a camel and a jackal who, after enjoying a feast, face consequences due to the jackal's irresponsible behavior. The moral of the story emphasizes that one's actions will ultimately determine their fate.
This document provides information about textile fibers. It defines fibers as the basic units that make up textiles and are spun into yarns. It discusses the characteristics of different fibers and how they impact properties like strength, absorbency, and durability. The document separates fibers into two main groups: natural fibers from plants and animals, and manufactured fibers made from chemicals. Specific natural fibers like cotton, linen, wool, and silk are examined. Common manufactured fibers such as rayon, nylon, polyester, and acrylic are also described. The document concludes with a brief overview of weaving and knitting, the two main methods used to construct fabrics from yarns.
This document discusses different types of computer viruses:
- File infector viruses add virus code to program files, infecting other files when the infected program is executed.
- Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector of disks, infecting the system every time the disk is booted.
- Executable file viruses infect executable files and spread to other files when those files are run.
- Macro viruses infect files containing macros, spreading through applications that use macros.
- Worms replicate themselves, eventually overtaking computer resources.
- Trojan horses appear as benign programs but secretly damage systems.
- Rootkits allow remote control of infected computers by hiding their presence.
- Rogue antivirus software,
A greenhouse is a structure primarily made of transparent materials, used to cultivate plants under controlled conditions, with various types such as glasshouses, net houses, and polytunnels. Greenhouses offer advantages like pest prevention and extended growing seasons but can be expensive to maintain and require expert setup. They regulate light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels to optimize plant growth.
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More Than a Moodboard: The Macro Trends Behind the Next Fashion Waveglobalbookmarketinga
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In an industry known for its constant churn, it’s easy to mistake trends for passing moments — a pattern here, a silhouette there. But the most impactful trends don’t just change wardrobes; they reflect shifts in culture, identity, technology, and the way we live. These are macro trends — deep-rooted, slow-burning movements that shape not just what we wear, but why we wear it.
This distinction is precisely what makes the latest special edition of Exclusive Fashion Magazine (EFM) so vital. Curated under the visionary leadership of Jason Weldon, the 600+ page issue is more than a visual feast. It’s a cultural artifact — capturing the undercurrents that are pushing fashion into new, uncharted territory. From global artistry to sustainability redefined, EFM positions itself not only as a chronicler of trend cycles but a shaper of them.
So, what exactly are the macro trends shaping the next wave of fashion? Here’s what’s rising — and what EFM is boldly amplifying.
1. Cultural Hybridity as Creative Engine
Gone are the days when fashion was dominated by a Eurocentric lens. Today’s most exciting designers are blending cultural references into wholly new design languages — not as token gestures, but as authentic expressions of identity. From South Asian silhouettes rendered in modern mesh to Indigenous beadwork layered over techwear, fashion is becoming a site of cultural reclamation and hybridity.
EFM’s special issue puts this front and center, featuring emerging designers from regions often overlooked in the global conversation. Each collection isn’t just wearable art — it’s a dialogue between ancestry and aspiration. Jason Weldon’s editorial direction ensures these voices aren’t diluted but celebrated, showing how cultural fluidity is now a key driver of creative innovation.
2. The Rise of Purpose-Led Fashion
Consumers are no longer satisfied with style for style’s sake. They want to know what their clothes stand for — who made them, how they were sourced, and what values they represent. As a result, fashion is becoming increasingly aligned with social and environmental purpose.
Whether it’s a designer using biodegradable materials or a brand supporting community-led supply chains, purpose is now inseparable from product. EFM doesn’t just cover these efforts as trends — it treats them as industry imperatives. In this edition, readers are introduced to changemakers who see fashion as a platform for climate justice, ethical labor, and cultural preservation. This is fashion with a mission, and EFM is giving it the spotlight it deserves.