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Autonomous cars

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The document discusses autonomous or self-driving cars. It describes how they work using sensors like lasers, radars and cameras to navigate roads and detect objects. The car builds a map of its environment and localizes itself using GPS and other sensors. Processors analyze sensor data to track objects and let the car drive itself, making decisions like braking or changing lanes. While the technology provides safety and mobility benefits, autonomous cars are still being tested and perfected.

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Autonomous Cars By:-M.M.Ihzan Access-111
Contents What is an autonomous cars? Features of self-driving cars What Does the Car Look Like? How does it work? Diagram of Self-Driving car Laser Scanner Radar Cameras Processor GPS Antenna Range of Scanners, Radars and Cameras Traffic Ahead Test Drive Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion References
What is an autonomous cars? An autonomous car, also known as a driverless car, driver-free car, robot car or self-driving car.
What Does the Car Look Like?
Features of self-driving cars A self-driving cars are capable of Sensing its environment Navigating without human input. Fulfilling the human transportation capabilities of a traditional car. Making intelligent decisions. Maintaining an internal map and using that map to find an optimal paths. -Ex. road structures, pedestrians and other vehicles
How does it work? The vehicle build a map of its environment and precisely localize itself within that map. It uses laser rangefinders and cameras. The vehicle uses a probabilistic model to track the predicted future path of moving objects based on its shape. Intelligence and makes decisions on its own (if mistake is made it will alert driver) It use its GPS to know where it is in relation to other objects in the map. It use inertial navigation unit, and sensors to precisely localize itself.
Diagram of Self-Driving car GPS Antenna Cameras Laser Scanner Processor Radar Radar Laser Scanner
Laser Scanner The laser gives 360 degree understanding. Car can sense objects at the same time. The laser helps to determine its location.
Radar Radar detects vehicles far ahead. Radar calculate other vehicles speed. So car can speed up or slow down with other vehicles.
Cameras The cameras detects traffic lights. It helps cars onboard computer to recognize moving objects. -Ex. Pedestrian, bicycles
Processor Processor measures small movements made by the car. It helps to accurately locate its positions on the map.
GPS Antenna Its helps to know where it is in relation to other objects in the map. As the vehicle moves, new positional information and sensor data are used to update the vehicles internal map.
Range of Scanners, Radars and Cameras Short-range radar Range of 0.2m to 30m Mid-range scan Range of 60m Long-range radar Range of 200m Camera Visual range of up to 500m 30m 60m 200m
Traffic Ahead Many carmakers developing prototype vehicles that are capable of driving autonomously in certain situation. BMW Mercedes-Benz Nissan Google General Motors Vehicles 5 Series (modified) S 500 Intelligent driver research vehicle Leaf EV (modified) Prius and Lexus (modified) Cadillac SRX (modified) KEY Technologies Video camera tracks lane markings and reads road signs. Read sensors detect objects ahead. Side laser scanners. Ultrasonic sensors. Differential GPS. Very accurate map. Stereo camera sees objects ahead in 3-D Additional cameras reads road signs and traffic lights. Short and long range radar. Infrared camera, Ultrasonic sensors. Front and side radar. Camera Front, side and rear laser sensor, Fore wide angle cameras shows the driver the cars surroundings . LIDAR on the roof detects objects around the car in 3-D Camera helps detect objects. Front and side radar. Inertial measuring unit tracks position, Wheel encoder tracks movement. Very accurate map. Several laser sensors. Radar Differential GPS Cameras Very accurate map.
Test Drive Already sent out vehicles (over 140,000 miles through traffic, residential, and highway) Nevada-June 2011 Florida-April 2012 California-September 2012 Texas-September 2012 Trying to find green alternatives.
Advantages React faster than humans. 360 degree perfection. Allows more people to commute. Cannot get distracted, sleepy, or intoxicated. Actively engage the driver (announcements like approaching a crosswalk or turn ahead) Disadvantages Expensive. Cars reducing more carbon. Costs more gas. Some times make wrong decision.
Conclusion Actually, I think it is a great idea once the technology is perfected and locked down. Sure we can't imagine something like it now, but think off into the future.
Questions?
References http://robohub.org/how-do-self-driving-cars-work/ http://images.gizmag.com/inline/stanford-audi-tts-autonomous-car-race- car-drivers-thunderhill-raceway-9.jpeg http://www.blogcdn.com/www.autoblog.com/media/2012/02/googlea utonomous-car-628.jpg http://www.autonomos.inf.fu-berlin. de/escape/sensors/migsensors/sensors/MIG_labels.jpg http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/google-self- driving-car-537x369.jpg http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/ uploads/2013/06/MercedesDistronicPlusThruWindshieldIllo- 640x381.jpg http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_lrg/volvo-autonomous-cars-42.jpg http://cnet3.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2010/03/26/9fc59e0c-f0fc-11e2- 8c7c-d4ae52e62bcc/ thumbnail/170x128/6f07b19564357d3844b8674571f00 12c/AudiShelley-2.jpg http://www.mobilemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/nissan.jpg
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Autonomous cars

  • 2. Contents What is an autonomous cars? Features of self-driving cars What Does the Car Look Like? How does it work? Diagram of Self-Driving car Laser Scanner Radar Cameras Processor GPS Antenna Range of Scanners, Radars and Cameras Traffic Ahead Test Drive Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion References
  • 3. What is an autonomous cars? An autonomous car, also known as a driverless car, driver-free car, robot car or self-driving car.
  • 4. What Does the Car Look Like?
  • 5. Features of self-driving cars A self-driving cars are capable of Sensing its environment Navigating without human input. Fulfilling the human transportation capabilities of a traditional car. Making intelligent decisions. Maintaining an internal map and using that map to find an optimal paths. -Ex. road structures, pedestrians and other vehicles
  • 6. How does it work? The vehicle build a map of its environment and precisely localize itself within that map. It uses laser rangefinders and cameras. The vehicle uses a probabilistic model to track the predicted future path of moving objects based on its shape. Intelligence and makes decisions on its own (if mistake is made it will alert driver) It use its GPS to know where it is in relation to other objects in the map. It use inertial navigation unit, and sensors to precisely localize itself.
  • 7. Diagram of Self-Driving car GPS Antenna Cameras Laser Scanner Processor Radar Radar Laser Scanner
  • 8. Laser Scanner The laser gives 360 degree understanding. Car can sense objects at the same time. The laser helps to determine its location.
  • 9. Radar Radar detects vehicles far ahead. Radar calculate other vehicles speed. So car can speed up or slow down with other vehicles.
  • 10. Cameras The cameras detects traffic lights. It helps cars onboard computer to recognize moving objects. -Ex. Pedestrian, bicycles
  • 11. Processor Processor measures small movements made by the car. It helps to accurately locate its positions on the map.
  • 12. GPS Antenna Its helps to know where it is in relation to other objects in the map. As the vehicle moves, new positional information and sensor data are used to update the vehicles internal map.
  • 13. Range of Scanners, Radars and Cameras Short-range radar Range of 0.2m to 30m Mid-range scan Range of 60m Long-range radar Range of 200m Camera Visual range of up to 500m 30m 60m 200m
  • 14. Traffic Ahead Many carmakers developing prototype vehicles that are capable of driving autonomously in certain situation. BMW Mercedes-Benz Nissan Google General Motors Vehicles 5 Series (modified) S 500 Intelligent driver research vehicle Leaf EV (modified) Prius and Lexus (modified) Cadillac SRX (modified) KEY Technologies Video camera tracks lane markings and reads road signs. Read sensors detect objects ahead. Side laser scanners. Ultrasonic sensors. Differential GPS. Very accurate map. Stereo camera sees objects ahead in 3-D Additional cameras reads road signs and traffic lights. Short and long range radar. Infrared camera, Ultrasonic sensors. Front and side radar. Camera Front, side and rear laser sensor, Fore wide angle cameras shows the driver the cars surroundings . LIDAR on the roof detects objects around the car in 3-D Camera helps detect objects. Front and side radar. Inertial measuring unit tracks position, Wheel encoder tracks movement. Very accurate map. Several laser sensors. Radar Differential GPS Cameras Very accurate map.
  • 15. Test Drive Already sent out vehicles (over 140,000 miles through traffic, residential, and highway) Nevada-June 2011 Florida-April 2012 California-September 2012 Texas-September 2012 Trying to find green alternatives.
  • 16. Advantages React faster than humans. 360 degree perfection. Allows more people to commute. Cannot get distracted, sleepy, or intoxicated. Actively engage the driver (announcements like approaching a crosswalk or turn ahead) Disadvantages Expensive. Cars reducing more carbon. Costs more gas. Some times make wrong decision.
  • 17. Conclusion Actually, I think it is a great idea once the technology is perfected and locked down. Sure we can't imagine something like it now, but think off into the future.
  • 19. References http://robohub.org/how-do-self-driving-cars-work/ http://images.gizmag.com/inline/stanford-audi-tts-autonomous-car-race- car-drivers-thunderhill-raceway-9.jpeg http://www.blogcdn.com/www.autoblog.com/media/2012/02/googlea utonomous-car-628.jpg http://www.autonomos.inf.fu-berlin. de/escape/sensors/migsensors/sensors/MIG_labels.jpg http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/google-self- driving-car-537x369.jpg http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/ uploads/2013/06/MercedesDistronicPlusThruWindshieldIllo- 640x381.jpg http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_lrg/volvo-autonomous-cars-42.jpg http://cnet3.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2010/03/26/9fc59e0c-f0fc-11e2- 8c7c-d4ae52e62bcc/ thumbnail/170x128/6f07b19564357d3844b8674571f00 12c/AudiShelley-2.jpg http://www.mobilemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/nissan.jpg