This document summarizes several bacterial diseases:
Tuberculosis is caused by two types of bacteria and spreads through coughing or sneezing. It is diagnosed using tuberculin tests and treated with long-term antibiotic therapy. Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria and spreads through respiratory droplets. It produces a toxin that kills epithelial cells and blocks the respiratory tract. Pneumonia infects the lungs through inhaled droplets from infected individuals and is treated with antibiotics. Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that spreads through direct contact and is communicable.
2. TUBERCULOSIS(TB)
? TB is caused by two types of bacteria
mycobacterium tuberculosis and M.bovis
? The bacteria are spread from persons to
persons as aerosolised droplets produced
when the affected persons coughs or sneezes
? The form of TB caused by M.bovis also occurs
in cattle and spread to humans in meat and
milk
3. Diagnosis
? Diagnosis is by the tuberculin or mantoxu test
? Where a purified protein derivative from the
bacterium is injected in to the skin of the
suspected patients.
? Development of a red ,raised around the
area of injection indicates an infection
5. treatment
? Treatment is by multidrug antibiotic therapy,
which has to be continued for a long time
until the bacteria are completely eliminated
? Infection can be prevented by vaccination
with BCG(Bacilli Chalmette Guerrin)
6. DIPHTHERIA
? Diphtheria is a disease of the upper
respiratory tract , caused by the toxin
produced by the bacterium corynebacterium
diphtheria
7. pathogenesis
? The bacterium infects its victim when the person
inhales contaminated respiratory droplets from
an infected person and rapidly colonies the
upper regions of the respiratory tract
? It produces an exotoxin that inhabits protein
synthesis in the epithelial cells killing them
? As dead tissues accumulate the toxins mixes
with the mucus secretion ,white blood cells and
the colonies of bacteria forming a thick leathery
greyish black membrane like material blocking
the respiratory tract
9. treatment
? : vaccination against diphtheria has to be
taken at infancy using the DTP vaccine
10. pneumonia
? Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the
lower respiratory tract in the bronchial tubes
of the lungs
12. Mode of infection and treatment
? Infection is acquired when a person inhales
or comes in to contact with aerosolic droplets
droplets from infected peoples
? Treatment is administration of antibiotics
such as penicillin, tetracycline and
chloramphenicol
13. LEPROSY
? IT is a chronic contact communicable disease
caused by Mycobacterium leprae
? It spread through direct contact with infected
people or their clothing or through
aerosolised respiratory discharges from
infected peoples