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Bibliographic Citation
and Referencing
By
Adesoji David ADERIBIGBE
B.Ed. Educ. Mgt./Math, Ibadan (2006), M.Sc. LIS, Abraka (2020)

and Referencing

What is Bibliography
• Bibliography is a list of books or articles about a
certain subject.
• Citation is an acknowledgement of the owners of
ideas or thought. It is a way of giving credit to whom
credit is due. Citation guides against plagiarism-an act
of copying someone's ideas or work pretending to be
the owner. Plagiarism is a criminal offence.

• This is an act of acknowledging or citing the owner of
the ideas and works you copied while making a
research work or writing a paper.
• This could be in-text citation or reference
list/bibliography of the work, words, ideas and facts
that are used in the written work or presentation.

Reason for Citation
• To give credit to initiator(s) of ideas used in the work
• To keep track of sources used
• To trace the development of an idea
• To improve authors credibility
• To guide reader on further readings
• To protect yourself from being charged for plagerism

Bibliographic Reference
• This is the list of all cited work written at the back of
a book.
• Citation: is the quoting from or making reference to a
book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly
materials used for a research. These materials are
puchased to meet the need of library users

Do you still remembers what library resources are?
Library Resources: Materials that are purchased by the
library to meet the need of its users:
Below is a list of resources we have available within the
Library., e.g. Databases, Electronic Books, Electronic
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias, Journals and eJournals,
Official Publications, Online Newspapers, Referencing
Resources, Video, Image & Sound Resources

How do we use them?
• Library resources are used for different purposes by
different users. The use ranges from a quick reference
such as getting to know the meaning of a word in a
dictionary or encyclopedia; to in-depth study and
research leveraging on the encyclopedia, textbooks,
journals, etc. In using the materials, the user must
properly acknowledge the author of the materials or
idea.

• A citation is a reference to the source of information
used in your research. Any time you directly quote,
paraphrase, or summarize the essential elements of
someone else's idea in your work, an should follow.
An in-text citation is a brief notation within the text
of your paper or presentation that refers the reader
to a fuller notation, or , that provides all necessary
details about that source of information.
A citation is a reference
to the source of
information used in your
research. Any time you
directly quote,
paraphrase, or
summarize the essential
elements of someone
else's idea in your work,
an should follow. An in-
text citation is a brief
notation within the text
of your paper or
presentation that refers
the reader to a fuller
notation, or , that
provides all necessary
details about that source
of information.

• Direct quotations should be surrounded by quotation
marks and are generally used when the idea you
want to capture is best expressed by the source.
• Paraphrasing and summarizing involve rewording an
essential idea from someone else's work, usually to
either condense the point or to make it better fit
your writing style.

• You do not have to cite your own ideas unless they
have been published. And you do not have to cite
common knowledge or information that most people
in your audience would know without having to look
it up.

How to cite Author:
• In-Text Citations: In-text citations alert the reader to an
idea from an outside source.
• Parenthetical Notes: In MLA and APA styles, in-text
citations usually appear as parenthetical notes
(sometimes called ). They are called because brief
information about the source, usually the author's
name, year of publication, and page number, is
enclosed in parentheses as follows:
• MLA style: (Smith 263); APA style: (Smith, 2013, p. 263)

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