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Bone Health

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Kait mcc

Bone health relies on getting enough key vitamins and minerals. Calcium and vitamin D help form bones and aid mineralization. Phosphorus and magnesium also contribute to bone structure. A deficiency in calcium can lead to osteoporosis and bone loss, while a vitamin D deficiency in children causes rickets. Vitamin K is important for blood clotting and bone health, and is produced in the liver.

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Bone Health Lydia DiSipio Christine Jackson Janet Salgado Kait McComeskey Dean Scornaienchi Andrew Press Calcium Vitamin D Vitamin K Phosphorous, Magnesium Fluoride
What is Bone Health? Bone health is receiving the right amount of vitamins and minerals required in order to uphold strong and healthy bones
How they work together: These vitamins and minerals are all needed in order to prevent bone loss Phosphorous, magnesium, fluoride, and Vitamins D and K help to form and stabilize the structure of bones The crystal hydroxyapatite forms from calcium and phosphorous when teeth and bones become mineralized
Calcium Main functions: To form and strengthen bones To contract and relax muscles Needed for blood clots and the immune system Food sources: Milk Cheese Fish Excess amount of calcium: Constipation, kidney stones, interferes with other minerals Deficiency of calcium: Osteoporosis, weak bones, and bone loss
Vitamin D Main functions: To maintain blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorous Stimulates absorption from the GI tract Mobilizes calcium and phosphorous from bones into the blood Stimulates their retention by the kidneys Food sources: Few animal foods, eggs, and liver Fatty fish Butter and fortified milk Excess amount of Vitamin D: Enhances calcium absorption, produces high blood calcium, and promotes return of bone calcium into blood Deficiency of Vitamin D: In adults: osteomalacia In children: rickets High blood pressure, inflamed bowel disease
Vitamin K Main functions: Synthesizes several blood clotting proteins and bone proteins Without Vitamin K, the bones produce an abnormal protein that cannot bind to the minerals that normally form bones, so the bone density is low Food sources: Green leafy vegetables Cabbage Liver Excess amount of Vitamin K: Vitamin K toxicity is very rare and has not established any known effects Deficiency of Vitamin K: Deficiency of Vitamin K is also rare but may occur under two circumstances: From conditions of fat malabsorption Some antibiotics interfere with Vitamin Ks synthesis in the body Short term Vitamin K deficiency increases the rate of bone turnover
Phosphorous Main functions: Second most abundant mineral in the body Many key roles in the transfer of energy that occurs during cellular metabolism A part of DNA and RNA in every cell, necessary for growth Food sources: Animal protein, because of its so abundant in the cells of animals (tissues) Excess amount of Phosphorous: May cause calcium excretion Deficiency of Phosphorous: Unknown
Magnesium Main functions: Magnesium is critical to the operation of enzymes It acts in all cells of the soft tissues where it forms part of the protein-making machinery and is necessary for the release of energy Helps muscles relax after contraction Food sources: Dark green, leafy vegetables Whole grain breads and cereals Seafood Excess amount of Magnesium: Can cause lack of coordination, confusion, coma, and even death Deficiency of Magnesium: Causes tetany (an extreme and prolonged contraction of the muscles), weakness and confusion, hallucinations, and difficulty swallowing Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and colon cancer may also be related to magnesium deficiency
Fluoride Main functions: Magnesium is critical to the operation of enzymes It acts in all cells of the soft tissues where it forms part of the protein-making machinery and is necessary for the release of energy Helps muscles relax after contraction Food sources: Soft drinks made with fluorinated water Toothpastes, gels, and oral rinses Fish and tea supply fluoride as well Excess amount of Fluoride: Discoloration of teeth, nausea, diarrhea, chest pain, itching, and vomiting Deficiency of Fluoride: Susceptibility to tooth decay Dental decay, which if not treated could lead to more serious health problems affecting the entire body
Multiple Choice 1. What happens when there is a calcium deficiency? a. bone loss b. kidney stones c. loss of appetite d. all of the above 2. What is Vitamin D deficiency in children? a. osteoporosis b. rickets c. anemia d. weakened immune response 3. Where in the body is Vitamin K produced? a. liver b. heart c. GI tract d. pancreas

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Bone Health

  • 1. Bone Health Lydia DiSipio Christine Jackson Janet Salgado Kait McComeskey Dean Scornaienchi Andrew Press Calcium Vitamin D Vitamin K Phosphorous, Magnesium Fluoride
  • 2. What is Bone Health? Bone health is receiving the right amount of vitamins and minerals required in order to uphold strong and healthy bones
  • 3. How they work together: These vitamins and minerals are all needed in order to prevent bone loss Phosphorous, magnesium, fluoride, and Vitamins D and K help to form and stabilize the structure of bones The crystal hydroxyapatite forms from calcium and phosphorous when teeth and bones become mineralized
  • 4. Calcium Main functions: To form and strengthen bones To contract and relax muscles Needed for blood clots and the immune system Food sources: Milk Cheese Fish Excess amount of calcium: Constipation, kidney stones, interferes with other minerals Deficiency of calcium: Osteoporosis, weak bones, and bone loss
  • 5. Vitamin D Main functions: To maintain blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorous Stimulates absorption from the GI tract Mobilizes calcium and phosphorous from bones into the blood Stimulates their retention by the kidneys Food sources: Few animal foods, eggs, and liver Fatty fish Butter and fortified milk Excess amount of Vitamin D: Enhances calcium absorption, produces high blood calcium, and promotes return of bone calcium into blood Deficiency of Vitamin D: In adults: osteomalacia In children: rickets High blood pressure, inflamed bowel disease
  • 6. Vitamin K Main functions: Synthesizes several blood clotting proteins and bone proteins Without Vitamin K, the bones produce an abnormal protein that cannot bind to the minerals that normally form bones, so the bone density is low Food sources: Green leafy vegetables Cabbage Liver Excess amount of Vitamin K: Vitamin K toxicity is very rare and has not established any known effects Deficiency of Vitamin K: Deficiency of Vitamin K is also rare but may occur under two circumstances: From conditions of fat malabsorption Some antibiotics interfere with Vitamin Ks synthesis in the body Short term Vitamin K deficiency increases the rate of bone turnover
  • 7. Phosphorous Main functions: Second most abundant mineral in the body Many key roles in the transfer of energy that occurs during cellular metabolism A part of DNA and RNA in every cell, necessary for growth Food sources: Animal protein, because of its so abundant in the cells of animals (tissues) Excess amount of Phosphorous: May cause calcium excretion Deficiency of Phosphorous: Unknown
  • 8. Magnesium Main functions: Magnesium is critical to the operation of enzymes It acts in all cells of the soft tissues where it forms part of the protein-making machinery and is necessary for the release of energy Helps muscles relax after contraction Food sources: Dark green, leafy vegetables Whole grain breads and cereals Seafood Excess amount of Magnesium: Can cause lack of coordination, confusion, coma, and even death Deficiency of Magnesium: Causes tetany (an extreme and prolonged contraction of the muscles), weakness and confusion, hallucinations, and difficulty swallowing Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and colon cancer may also be related to magnesium deficiency
  • 9. Fluoride Main functions: Magnesium is critical to the operation of enzymes It acts in all cells of the soft tissues where it forms part of the protein-making machinery and is necessary for the release of energy Helps muscles relax after contraction Food sources: Soft drinks made with fluorinated water Toothpastes, gels, and oral rinses Fish and tea supply fluoride as well Excess amount of Fluoride: Discoloration of teeth, nausea, diarrhea, chest pain, itching, and vomiting Deficiency of Fluoride: Susceptibility to tooth decay Dental decay, which if not treated could lead to more serious health problems affecting the entire body
  • 10. Multiple Choice 1. What happens when there is a calcium deficiency? a. bone loss b. kidney stones c. loss of appetite d. all of the above 2. What is Vitamin D deficiency in children? a. osteoporosis b. rickets c. anemia d. weakened immune response 3. Where in the body is Vitamin K produced? a. liver b. heart c. GI tract d. pancreas