際際滷

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惺悋惠忰惠 惺 悋愕惘擧惡擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡悛惆惆悽愆
Bovine Mastitis
擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
(Bovine Mastitis)
擧惆 悋惘悋悧:愆悋悽惶 悋忰惆 愆惺惡 拆悋惘
惆
金悋惠 慍悋 惺悋 惡慍惘擯惠惘  惺悋 惆 惘惷 擧 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡惶悋惆
惡悋愆惆  悴悋 惆惘 愆惘 惠惆 悋 悋惘 惆惘.
金悋慍 悋愆 惠悋惆  悋惺惆惠 悋惠惶悋惆 悋 慍悋:
≒愆惘 惠惆 悋惠
≒愆惘 擧惠 擧悋愆
≒愆惘 惘悽惠 惆惘
≒惠惆悋 悋 慍
≒悋惷悋 擧悋惘
≒惡惠悋 擯悋悋 惺 悋慍 惡 忰悵
(Huirne et al., 2002)
悋惆悋..
≒悋愕惠 悋擧惠惘 擧 惺悋 惡 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悛 惡惘 惺悋悋 惘愕
擯惘惆惆  忰愕惡 惆悋惘 悋惘 惡惘悋 惘悋 愆悋惘
≒擯惘惆惆  愃悵悋 惷悋惺悋惠 惡悋惺惓 悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
≒愕悋慍惆  惠悖惓惘 惘悋 惺悋 惶忰惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
(Stephan and Kuhn, 1999)
愕惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
≒拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡(Mastitis)拆悋惘悋愆悋 愕悴 愆惆 悋惠悋惡 悋慍 惺惡悋惘惠
惺  擧悋 慍擧 惠愃惘悋惠 惡悋 擧 惡惆 拆愕惠悋 愃惆惠愃惘悋惠
悋 愃惆 悋愕悋悴 惆惘 拆惠悋擧 惠愃惘悋惠  愆惘 惆惘 惡悋擧惠惘悋惠惶
擯惘惆惆 
≒擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惺悋(Bovine Mastitis)悋 悴惆 惡
愆惆  悋愀悋 擯悋悋 惆惘 惺悋惘惷
(Radostits et al., 2000) Swelling
pain
warm
redness
Mammae = breast
-itis = Latin suffix for
inflammation
Normal Inflamed
悋拆惆
≒ 惡惘慍 悋惆 惆悋惘 拆愕惠悋 忰悋悋惠 惠悋 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡擧惆 
≒悋愕惠 惡惘悽惘惆悋惘 悽悋惶 悋惠 悋慍 擯悋 惆惘
≒悋惠惶悋惆 悽愕悋惘悋惠
≒愆惘 惠惆 悋惠
≒愆惘 擧惠 擧悋愆
≒擯 忰悋悋惠 愕悋惘 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惠愆悋惘
≒悋愕悋 惡 悋 惺惠 惡惺惷 悋惠悋
≒愆惘 惆惘 惡惠擧 悋惠 悋 惡悋慍悋惆 惠惆悋 惶惘惠 惆惘
悋惆悋..
≒忰惆惆 愆惘悋 悋愃惡 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惡悋惘 愆惺40
惠悋 愆惘悋 悋慍 惡惺惷 惆惘  悋愕惠 惶惆25惘悋 悛 惶惆
悋惆 惆悋惆 悋愆.
≒愕 惺惠 悋 惡 拆愕惠悋 悋慍 悽 惘 悋惡惠悋 惠愕愀 惡愀惘惡惡
悋愆8 悽 悛 愆惘 惠惆 惶惆擯惘惆惆.
≒悋愆 愕惡惡 惡惠悋 擯悋  惆惘  惡愀惘15惠惆 悋慍 惶惆
 愆惘愆惆.
Estimated annual losses due to mastitis
(Schroeder, J. W., 1997)
拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惆 惺悋
≒悋惠悋 惺悋(73%)
≒惡悋擧惠惘悋悋
≒悋 悋惘
≒悋 悋惘愕
≒慍擧 惺悋(27%)
≒惷惘惡
≒慍惆擯 悽
惡悋擧惠惘悋 惺惆 惺悋
 Streptococcus
 Staphylococcus
 Pseudomonas
 Coliforms
 Mycoplasma
 Corynebacterium
 Actinomycetes
 Clostridium
愆惆  惠 拆愕惠悋 惡 擧悴悋 悋慍 愆惆 悋惆 悋 悋惘擯悋慍
 Infected udder
 Environment
 bedding
 soil
 water
 manure
 Replacement animals
悋惆  悋擧愆悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 擯
 Cow
 Predisposing conditions
 Existing trauma (milking machine, heat or
cold, injury)
 Teat end injury
 Lowered immunity (following calving,
surgery)
 Nutrition
 Organisms
 EnvironmentCow
Organism
Environment
慍悋 惡悋惘
(Pathogenesis)
Non-milking Milking
Teat canal
Mammary
gland cistern
Teat cistern
Milk duct
Milk gland
Alveoli
惡悋惘慍悋
(Pathogenesis)
 擧悋悋  拆愕惠悋 擧 愀惘 悋慍 惘悋 拆愕惠悋 悋 悋惘擯悋慍惘惆
惆惆  惘悋惘 惠悋悴
忰悴惘 愕惠 惆惘  擧惘惆 惺惡惘 擧悋悋  拆愕惠悋 擧 愕惠 悋慍悋惠
擯惘惆惆  愕惠惘 愆惘 擧惆 惠惘愆忰
惡悋惺 擧 惆 惠惆 惠擧愕 愆惆 愕惠惘 悋 悋惘擯悋慍惓
擯惘惆  愆惘 擧惆 惠惆 忰悴惘悋惠 惡悋悋 惠悽惘惡悋惠 悋悴悋惆惆
recovery clinical subclinical
擧 擯惘惆惆  惠忰惘擧 悋惠悋 惠悋惓惘 惠忰惠  惆 惺 擯悋 惺悋惠 愕愕惠忰悴惘悋惠 
悽 愕惆(Somatic Cells)愆惆  惘愕惠悋惆 悋忰 惡 悋惠悋 惡悋 悋惡 悴惠
Bovine Mastitis
拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 擧擧 惺悋
≒悋惠悋惡拆愕惠悋惘悋悋慍惴惘惺悋惴悋惘惡愕惆愕惠悋惶:
≒惠忰惠擧擧(Subclinical)
≒擧擧(Clinical)
≒慍(Chronic)
≒悋惠悋惡拆愕惠悋悋慍擯悋惺悛惆愆惆拆愕惠悋悋惡惡悋擧惠惘
悋悋悴悋惆擧惆慍惡惆惆愕惠:
≒愕悋惘(Contagious)
≒忰愀(Environmental)
擧擧 惠忰惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
≒惺悋惆 愕悋 愆惘 惴悋惘 惷惺惡惆
≒惆惘忰悋 惆惆 惴悋惘 惡惶惘惠 惡悋惘 惺悋悧 擯愆惆
≒悋悋 惆惆 慍惘 惠愃惘悋惠 愆惘 惠惘惡悋惠 惆惘愆惆:
≒悋慍悋愆忰悴惘悋惠愕悋惠(Somatic cells)
≒悋愆愆忰愆惘
≒悋慍悧 悋愆
≒惠慍 悋愆
≒愕 悋慍悋愆愆惘 惘
≒悋慍悋愆悋悋忰愆惘 惆惘
≒擯悋 悋慍悋愆悴
≒愆惘 惠惆 悋愆
忰悋惆 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
≒惠惘  悋惠悋惡 惆悋惘悋 拆愕惠悋惡惆
≒擯惘 拆愕惠悋 悋愀惘悋忰悋慍惆悋惘惆 惠惡
≒惆 擯悋 惆惘愆惘 愆惆拆悋悋 忰悋悽惆 惡 惘悋慍
擧惆  惘悋惘 惡 悋忰愕悋愕  擧惡惆
≒惠愃惘 愆惘 惴悋惘 愆擧惘惆 惘擯 愕惡慍 悋惺 惆悋惘悋悽惠
悋悽惡惆擧惆惘惠愕惠悋愕惠惘悋拆 拆(Strip cup)惡
擧惘惆 惠愆悽惶 惠悋  惘悋忰惠
≒悋愆惠悋 惡
忰悋惆  拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
≒愆悽 忰悋惆 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惆 慍 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惺 悋 惶
惡悋愆惆愆惆  惆惆 忰悋 慍惆 惆惘 惶 惺悋 :
≒惠惡(Fever)
≒惘悋惘 惡(Disquiet)
≒悋惠悋惡(Inflammation)
≒愆惆惆 惆惘惆(Severe pain)
≒悽惠  悽 悋 惘擯 惆悋惘悋  惘擯 愕惡慍 愆惘
(Greenish Milk and Clot)
≒惠悴 惺惆 惶惘惠 惆惘Septicemia惘擯
慍 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡
≒忰悋惠 悋悋惠悋惡悋惘 惴惘 悋慍 慍 拆愕惠悋忰惆惆 惠悋 惆悋惘悋
悋愕惠 愆悽惶悋悋拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悛慍悋愆  愆惆 惆惠 悋擯惘
愆悽惶 愆惘 惆惘 悋悧 悽惠 悴惆 愆惆 悋悴悋 悋拆 悋愕惠惘拆
悋愕惠 惺悋惘惷 悋 惆
≒惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惆 慍 愆惘 惠惘惡悋惠 惠愃惘悋惠悋 忰悋惆 忰惠
惠惘 拆愆惘惠 悋悋 悋愕惠 悽悋慍悋 愆惘 愕惘 悋悴悋 惆惘悋惠 愆
惆悋惘惆 惡愆惠惘 悋慍悋愆 悋悋忰 .
惠愆悽拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惶
≒惠愆悽惶悋惡悋惘悋慍悋惠悽悋惶惡惘悽惘惆悋惘悋愕惠
慍惘悋惆惘擧惠惘忰惘慍惆惠惘悛擧擧擧惆.
≒惡愕惡惡惠愃惘悋惠擧悋惆惘愆惘悋惠悋惡惡悴惆
悛惘惆惠悋惓惘悋惠悋惺悋惘惷惆惘愕愕惠惠擧悋
拆悋愕惠惘慍愆愆惘惡悋惆愆惘悋悋惠悋惡惡惆惡悋悛
擯悋悋悛惆惘慍惆惠惘愆悋愕悋愆惆.
慍擧 惺悋
Signs of inflammation
Empty udder
Differences in firmness
Unbalanced quarters
愀惺 惠愕惠
 60% of salty quarter milk have clinical alterations
 Normal milk (0.08-0.12% NaCl)
 Mastitic milk (over 1.4% NaCl)
Screening Test
 Strip Cup
 Electrical Conductivity Test (ECT)
 California Mastitis Test (CMT)
Strip Cup
CMT Score
Other Tests
 Somatic cell count: direct microscopy,
automatic cell counters
 Culture tests - still the gold standard
 pH test
 ELISA
 Flow Cytometry
 Nucliec acid Testing (PCR)
Somatic Cell Count
(SCC)
 Automated machine counting
 Direct microscopic counting
Prescott and Breed method
Schalm et al. (1971).
(Newman-Lampert stain )
pH test
 Rise in milk pH due to mastitis is detected
using bromothymol blue
 User friendly, rapid, but not as sensitive as
other tests
Culture tests
 Laboratory based- use selective culture to identify different
microorganisms involved in causing mastitis
 Identifies specific pathogens
 Can not be used on-site, waiting time for results can be days
Recent laboratory developments in the detection
of mastitis
1. Immunoassays
2. Nucleic acid testing
拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惠惆悋
愆擧悋惠擧惡悋惠惆悋悋惠悋擧惘惡惘悋惡悋愆惆:
≒愃惘悋惠惶悋惆惡惆
≒悋惠惡悋擧惠惘悋
≒惆惘惠惠愆擧惡悋惡悋擧惠惘悋悋
≒惡悋慍悋惆悋悋惠惡惠擧
愆惆惆 悋惘惆 惆惘拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡:
≒悋擧惘惡 悋惠 惠惆悋
≒悋 悋擧惠惘惠 惡悋 惠惆悋
悋惆悋..
(Quinn et al., 2002)
悋惆悋..
≒愕悋惡 悽愆擧 擯悋悋 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惠惆悋惆悋惘(悋惘惆
惡惘悋 悽愆擧 惆惘 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 惡 惡惠擧 悋惠 擧惘惆
惡 愆惘惆 惆惘 惡 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惠悋 悋慍 悴擯惘惺惆)
 惷惘惘 悋惘惡悋愆惆.
悽愆擧 擯悋 悋擧惘惡 悋惠 惠惆悋
拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 擧惠惘  悋
≒愕悋  愆惘惆愆 愕悋 愆惘惆愆 愆悽惶 惡惘悋 惡惆悋愆惠 悋愕惠惆悋惘惆悋 惘惺悋惠
愆惘惆愆
≒擯惘 悛惡 惡悋 愆惘惆愆 擯悋 惆惘 悋 拆愕惠悋 擧惘惆 拆悋擧  愆愕惠  愕悋慍 悛悋惆
≒惡愆惠惘 愆惘 惠惘愆忰 惡 忰悋 惠忰惘擧  悋 拆愕惠悋 愕悋慍 悛悋惆
≒忰 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆惶惘 惡悋惘 擧 擧悋愃悵 悋
≒惆惘 惷惆惺 慍 惶惘惠 惆惘  惡悋慍惡  惴悋惘惠愆惘惆愆 愕悋 悋慍 
≒愆惘惆愆 悋惠悋 惆惘 惡惠悋 擯悋悋 惆愆惆
≒悽 惘惡惘惆擯悋 惘 悋慍 愆惘惆愆 拆悋悋 惆惘 擧惆 惺 惷惆 忰 惆惘 悋
≒惡悋惘 擯悋 慍惆 惠愆悽惶
≒悽愆擧 擯悋悋 惺悋悴
≒愕悋  悽惡 惠愃悵
≒擯 惷惺惠 惡 惘惡愀 惘擧惘惆悋 擧悋 惓惡惠
≒悋愕惡 惡愕惠惘  擧悋 悴悋擯悋 惠  惺悋 悴惠
≒擯悋 悋惆 拆愕惠悋 擧惆 悋慍 悋惺惠 悴惠 悋惘悋惆 悴悋擯悋悋 惆惘 悋 擯愕悋 惆悋惆 惘悋惘
≒擯悋悋 惆 悋擧愕 悋擧悋 惶惘惠 惆惘
Tools of milking. Lets learn!
Pre (blue) and
Post (yellow)
Cooler box for keeping temperature (40) and
preventing dust, feces and urine
Bucket
milker
Dry
towels
Wet
towelsDisinfectant
in bucket
Strip
cup
Dipper
擯惘 惠悴
≒悋慍悛悴悋悧擧悋愃悋愕惠悋擧愆惘慍惘悋惺惠悋惆悋惘惡悋愆惆
悋慍愀惘惆擯惘惶悋惺愆惘惡悋惠悋悴惆惆惆惘悋擧愆惘
愆擧擯惘惠悋愕惠愕惘悋擯悵悋惘悋擧惡愆惆惘悋
惺惘惶惶惘惠擯惘惠悋惠悋惡拆愕惠悋悋悽惶惶悋惠悋惡
拆愕惠悋惠忰惠擧擧擯悋悋慍悋惠悽悋惶惡惘悽惘惆悋惘悋愕惠
慍惘悋惡悋惺惓悽愕悋惘悋惠悋惠惶悋惆慍悋惆擯惘惆惆.悵悋
愀悋惺惠忰悋惠惡悋悋惠悋惡拆愕惠悋擯悋惡惘悋擧惠惘
忰悋惠悋惡拆愕惠悋惡悋悋惘慍愆惠擯惘惆惆.
拆愆悋惆悋惠
≒惡 悋 惠愆悽惶 愕惠 惆惘 悋悽惶惶 愀悋惺悋惠  惠忰悋惠悋惘
擯惘惆 惶惘惠.
≒忰愕悋愕 惡悋 悋 惠愕惠 悋慍 惡悋惘 悋 悋惺悋惠 惠愆悽惶 惡惘悋 惠
擯惘惆惆 悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋 擯.
≒悋惺悋 惆惘 慍悋惆惠惘 惺 惺悋 擧惆悋 擧 擯惘惆惆 惠忰 惡悋惆惠
惠  忰惴 悋 惡 擧 惆悋惘惆 悋愆惠惘悋擧 擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡悋惠悋慍 悋
擧惘惆 悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋擧惠惘悋 擧愆惠 惘愆.
≒愆擧 惡 惡悋惘 悋 忰  擧惠惘 悴擯惘 惡惘悋 惆惠
惘悋 慍 惡惆悴  悋惆 愀惘忰 愆悽惶 悋 拆悋 惆悋惆悋惘
惶  悋惆悋惘悋 悛擯悋 愕愀忰 惡惘惆 惡惆 惡悋惆 擧 悋惆 惴惘惺惠
惡悋愆惆 悋 惡惘悋 悋 悴慍  愆惘 擯惘悋.
悋惆悋..
≒悋 拆忰 擧悋惠 惠忰惠 惆惘 惡悋惠 惺 惆拆悋惘惠惠 忰惆悋擧悋惺
擯惘惆惆 惠悋愕愕 擧愆惘 悽惠 悋 拆惠 惆惘 慍惘悋惺惠  惠惘惘.
≒悋 惆惘 惠忰悋惠 悋悴惘悋 惡惘悋 惘悋 惆惘  悴慍 惡惘悋惠悋惘悋 惆惠
悋 惘悋愕惠 悋惆悋惘  惠惘惘 悽惆悋惠 惡悽愆  悋 拆惠 惆惘 慍
悋惆 悋悴悋惆  惠悋愕愕 悋惠 慍惘悋惺惠.
≒拆悋惠悴 悋惘惠惡悋愀 愕惠 惆惘 慍悋惆 悋 拆惘  惺 愀悋惺悋惠-慍惡悋
擯惘惆惆 悛愃悋慍 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惆惘.
≒悋 惡惘悋 悽惠 悋 悋擧愕 悋擧愆悋  愕悋悽惠 惡惘悋 惺悋惠悋惠悋惡 
拆忰 擯惘惆 惶惘惠 擯悵悋惘 愕惘悋 悋擯惘 擧 悋愕惠 慍 擯悋 拆愕惠悋
悋 惺悋惠 悋 悛愃悋慍 惠悋  惴惘惠 惘悋惠 拆惠 惠惘惘 惺惘悋
惡悋愆惆  惆悋惘悋.
悋惡惺
≒忰愕 悋 悋忰惆.霸朿杆朸.擯悋 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 惘.  惺 悋惠愆悋惘悋惠 惠惘悋.惶朮朶.
 AHMAD, S., 2010. Evaluation of bovine mastitis causing Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm vaccine in bovines. M.V.Sc., thesis, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and
Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, India.
 HUIRNE, R.B.M., SAATKAMP, H.W. and BERGEVOET, R.H.M., (2002).
Economic analysis of common health problems in dairy cattle. In: Proceedings of
the XIIth World Buiatrics Congress (Kaske, Scholz & Holtershinken, editors), 18-
23 August 2002, Hannover, Germany, 420-431.
 STEPHAN, R. and KUHN, K., 1999. Prevalence of verotoxin-producing E. coli
(VTEC) in bovine coli mastitis and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Zentralbl.
Veterinarmed.,.46: p. 423 - 427.
 RADOSTITS, O.M., GAY, G.C., BLOOD, D.C. and HINCHKILIFF, K.W. 2000.
Veterinary Medicine. 9thEdition. EIBS and Bailliere Tindall: 604- 686.
 QUINN, P.J., MARKEY, B.K., CARTER, M.E., DONNELLY, W.J. and
LEONARD, F.C., 2002. Veterinary microbiology and microbial disease., pp 330-7.
THANQ
Bovine Mastitis

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Bovine Mastitis

  • 1. 惺悋惠忰惠 惺 悋愕惘擧惡擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡悛惆惆悽愆
  • 3. 擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 (Bovine Mastitis) 擧惆 悋惘悋悧:愆悋悽惶 悋忰惆 愆惺惡 拆悋惘
  • 4. 惆 金悋惠 慍悋 惺悋 惡慍惘擯惠惘 惺悋 惆 惘惷 擧 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡惶悋惆 惡悋愆惆 悴悋 惆惘 愆惘 惠惆 悋 悋惘 惆惘. 金悋慍 悋愆 惠悋惆 悋惺惆惠 悋惠惶悋惆 悋 慍悋: ≒愆惘 惠惆 悋惠 ≒愆惘 擧惠 擧悋愆 ≒愆惘 惘悽惠 惆惘 ≒惠惆悋 悋 慍 ≒悋惷悋 擧悋惘 ≒惡惠悋 擯悋悋 惺 悋慍 惡 忰悵 (Huirne et al., 2002)
  • 5. 悋惆悋.. ≒悋愕惠 悋擧惠惘 擧 惺悋 惡 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悛 惡惘 惺悋悋 惘愕 擯惘惆惆 忰愕惡 惆悋惘 悋惘 惡惘悋 惘悋 愆悋惘 ≒擯惘惆惆 愃悵悋 惷悋惺悋惠 惡悋惺惓 悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 ≒愕悋慍惆 惠悖惓惘 惘悋 惺悋 惶忰惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 (Stephan and Kuhn, 1999)
  • 6. 愕惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 ≒拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡(Mastitis)拆悋惘悋愆悋 愕悴 愆惆 悋惠悋惡 悋慍 惺惡悋惘惠 惺 擧悋 慍擧 惠愃惘悋惠 惡悋 擧 惡惆 拆愕惠悋 愃惆惠愃惘悋惠 悋 愃惆 悋愕悋悴 惆惘 拆惠悋擧 惠愃惘悋惠 愆惘 惆惘 惡悋擧惠惘悋惠惶 擯惘惆惆 ≒擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惺悋(Bovine Mastitis)悋 悴惆 惡 愆惆 悋愀悋 擯悋悋 惆惘 惺悋惘惷 (Radostits et al., 2000) Swelling pain warm redness Mammae = breast -itis = Latin suffix for inflammation Normal Inflamed
  • 7. 悋拆惆 ≒ 惡惘慍 悋惆 惆悋惘 拆愕惠悋 忰悋悋惠 惠悋 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡擧惆 ≒悋愕惠 惡惘悽惘惆悋惘 悽悋惶 悋惠 悋慍 擯悋 惆惘 ≒悋惠惶悋惆 悽愕悋惘悋惠 ≒愆惘 惠惆 悋惠 ≒愆惘 擧惠 擧悋愆 ≒擯 忰悋悋惠 愕悋惘 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惠愆悋惘 ≒悋愕悋 惡 悋 惺惠 惡惺惷 悋惠悋 ≒愆惘 惆惘 惡惠擧 悋惠 悋 惡悋慍悋惆 惠惆悋 惶惘惠 惆惘
  • 8. 悋惆悋.. ≒忰惆惆 愆惘悋 悋愃惡 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惡悋惘 愆惺40 惠悋 愆惘悋 悋慍 惡惺惷 惆惘 悋愕惠 惶惆25惘悋 悛 惶惆 悋惆 惆悋惆 悋愆. ≒愕 惺惠 悋 惡 拆愕惠悋 悋慍 悽 惘 悋惡惠悋 惠愕愀 惡愀惘惡惡 悋愆8 悽 悛 愆惘 惠惆 惶惆擯惘惆惆. ≒悋愆 愕惡惡 惡惠悋 擯悋 惆惘 惡愀惘15惠惆 悋慍 惶惆 愆惘愆惆.
  • 9. Estimated annual losses due to mastitis (Schroeder, J. W., 1997)
  • 10. 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惆 惺悋 ≒悋惠悋 惺悋(73%) ≒惡悋擧惠惘悋悋 ≒悋 悋惘 ≒悋 悋惘愕 ≒慍擧 惺悋(27%) ≒惷惘惡 ≒慍惆擯 悽
  • 11. 惡悋擧惠惘悋 惺惆 惺悋 Streptococcus Staphylococcus Pseudomonas Coliforms Mycoplasma Corynebacterium Actinomycetes Clostridium
  • 12. 愆惆 惠 拆愕惠悋 惡 擧悴悋 悋慍 愆惆 悋惆 悋 悋惘擯悋慍 Infected udder Environment bedding soil water manure Replacement animals
  • 13. 悋惆 悋擧愆悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 擯 Cow Predisposing conditions Existing trauma (milking machine, heat or cold, injury) Teat end injury Lowered immunity (following calving, surgery) Nutrition Organisms EnvironmentCow Organism Environment
  • 15. Non-milking Milking Teat canal Mammary gland cistern Teat cistern Milk duct Milk gland Alveoli
  • 16. 惡悋惘慍悋 (Pathogenesis) 擧悋悋 拆愕惠悋 擧 愀惘 悋慍 惘悋 拆愕惠悋 悋 悋惘擯悋慍惘惆 惆惆 惘悋惘 惠悋悴 忰悴惘 愕惠 惆惘 擧惘惆 惺惡惘 擧悋悋 拆愕惠悋 擧 愕惠 悋慍悋惠 擯惘惆惆 愕惠惘 愆惘 擧惆 惠惘愆忰 惡悋惺 擧 惆 惠惆 惠擧愕 愆惆 愕惠惘 悋 悋惘擯悋慍惓 擯惘惆 愆惘 擧惆 惠惆 忰悴惘悋惠 惡悋悋 惠悽惘惡悋惠 悋悴悋惆惆
  • 17. recovery clinical subclinical 擧 擯惘惆惆 惠忰惘擧 悋惠悋 惠悋惓惘 惠忰惠 惆 惺 擯悋 惺悋惠 愕愕惠忰悴惘悋惠 悽 愕惆(Somatic Cells)愆惆 惘愕惠悋惆 悋忰 惡 悋惠悋 惡悋 悋惡 悴惠
  • 19. 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 擧擧 惺悋 ≒悋惠悋惡拆愕惠悋惘悋悋慍惴惘惺悋惴悋惘惡愕惆愕惠悋惶: ≒惠忰惠擧擧(Subclinical) ≒擧擧(Clinical) ≒慍(Chronic) ≒悋惠悋惡拆愕惠悋悋慍擯悋惺悛惆愆惆拆愕惠悋悋惡惡悋擧惠惘 悋悋悴悋惆擧惆慍惡惆惆愕惠: ≒愕悋惘(Contagious) ≒忰愀(Environmental)
  • 20. 擧擧 惠忰惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 ≒惺悋惆 愕悋 愆惘 惴悋惘 惷惺惡惆 ≒惆惘忰悋 惆惆 惴悋惘 惡惶惘惠 惡悋惘 惺悋悧 擯愆惆 ≒悋悋 惆惆 慍惘 惠愃惘悋惠 愆惘 惠惘惡悋惠 惆惘愆惆: ≒悋慍悋愆忰悴惘悋惠愕悋惠(Somatic cells) ≒悋愆愆忰愆惘 ≒悋慍悧 悋愆 ≒惠慍 悋愆 ≒愕 悋慍悋愆愆惘 惘 ≒悋慍悋愆悋悋忰愆惘 惆惘 ≒擯悋 悋慍悋愆悴 ≒愆惘 惠惆 悋愆
  • 21. 忰悋惆 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 ≒惠惘 悋惠悋惡 惆悋惘悋 拆愕惠悋惡惆 ≒擯惘 拆愕惠悋 悋愀惘悋忰悋慍惆悋惘惆 惠惡 ≒惆 擯悋 惆惘愆惘 愆惆拆悋悋 忰悋悽惆 惡 惘悋慍 擧惆 惘悋惘 惡 悋忰愕悋愕 擧惡惆 ≒惠愃惘 愆惘 惴悋惘 愆擧惘惆 惘擯 愕惡慍 悋惺 惆悋惘悋悽惠 悋悽惡惆擧惆惘惠愕惠悋愕惠惘悋拆 拆(Strip cup)惡 擧惘惆 惠愆悽惶 惠悋 惘悋忰惠 ≒悋愆惠悋 惡
  • 22. 忰悋惆 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 ≒愆悽 忰悋惆 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惆 慍 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惺 悋 惶 惡悋愆惆愆惆 惆惆 忰悋 慍惆 惆惘 惶 惺悋 : ≒惠惡(Fever) ≒惘悋惘 惡(Disquiet) ≒悋惠悋惡(Inflammation) ≒愆惆惆 惆惘惆(Severe pain) ≒悽惠 悽 悋 惘擯 惆悋惘悋 惘擯 愕惡慍 愆惘 (Greenish Milk and Clot) ≒惠悴 惺惆 惶惘惠 惆惘Septicemia惘擯
  • 23. 慍 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 ≒忰悋惠 悋悋惠悋惡悋惘 惴惘 悋慍 慍 拆愕惠悋忰惆惆 惠悋 惆悋惘悋 悋愕惠 愆悽惶悋悋拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悛慍悋愆 愆惆 惆惠 悋擯惘 愆悽惶 愆惘 惆惘 悋悧 悽惠 悴惆 愆惆 悋悴悋 悋拆 悋愕惠惘拆 悋愕惠 惺悋惘惷 悋 惆 ≒惠 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惆 慍 愆惘 惠惘惡悋惠 惠愃惘悋惠悋 忰悋惆 忰惠 惠惘 拆愆惘惠 悋悋 悋愕惠 悽悋慍悋 愆惘 愕惘 悋悴悋 惆惘悋惠 愆 惆悋惘惆 惡愆惠惘 悋慍悋愆 悋悋忰 .
  • 25. 慍擧 惺悋 Signs of inflammation Empty udder Differences in firmness Unbalanced quarters
  • 26. 愀惺 惠愕惠 60% of salty quarter milk have clinical alterations Normal milk (0.08-0.12% NaCl) Mastitic milk (over 1.4% NaCl)
  • 27. Screening Test Strip Cup Electrical Conductivity Test (ECT) California Mastitis Test (CMT)
  • 30. Other Tests Somatic cell count: direct microscopy, automatic cell counters Culture tests - still the gold standard pH test ELISA Flow Cytometry Nucliec acid Testing (PCR)
  • 31. Somatic Cell Count (SCC) Automated machine counting Direct microscopic counting
  • 32. Prescott and Breed method Schalm et al. (1971). (Newman-Lampert stain )
  • 33. pH test Rise in milk pH due to mastitis is detected using bromothymol blue User friendly, rapid, but not as sensitive as other tests
  • 34. Culture tests Laboratory based- use selective culture to identify different microorganisms involved in causing mastitis Identifies specific pathogens Can not be used on-site, waiting time for results can be days
  • 35. Recent laboratory developments in the detection of mastitis 1. Immunoassays 2. Nucleic acid testing
  • 38. 悋惆悋.. ≒愕悋惡 悽愆擧 擯悋悋 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惠惆悋惆悋惘(悋惘惆 惡惘悋 悽愆擧 惆惘 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 惡 惡惠擧 悋惠 擧惘惆 惡 愆惘惆 惆惘 惡 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 悋惠悋 悋慍 悴擯惘惺惆) 惷惘惘 悋惘惡悋愆惆.
  • 39. 悽愆擧 擯悋 悋擧惘惡 悋惠 惠惆悋
  • 40. 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 擧惠惘 悋 ≒愕悋 愆惘惆愆 愕悋 愆惘惆愆 愆悽惶 惡惘悋 惡惆悋愆惠 悋愕惠惆悋惘惆悋 惘惺悋惠 愆惘惆愆 ≒擯惘 悛惡 惡悋 愆惘惆愆 擯悋 惆惘 悋 拆愕惠悋 擧惘惆 拆悋擧 愆愕惠 愕悋慍 悛悋惆 ≒惡愆惠惘 愆惘 惠惘愆忰 惡 忰悋 惠忰惘擧 悋 拆愕惠悋 愕悋慍 悛悋惆 ≒忰 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆惶惘 惡悋惘 擧 擧悋愃悵 悋 ≒惆惘 惷惆惺 慍 惶惘惠 惆惘 惡悋慍惡 惴悋惘惠愆惘惆愆 愕悋 悋慍 ≒愆惘惆愆 悋惠悋 惆惘 惡惠悋 擯悋悋 惆愆惆 ≒悽 惘惡惘惆擯悋 惘 悋慍 愆惘惆愆 拆悋悋 惆惘 擧惆 惺 惷惆 忰 惆惘 悋 ≒惡悋惘 擯悋 慍惆 惠愆悽惶 ≒悽愆擧 擯悋悋 惺悋悴 ≒愕悋 悽惡 惠愃悵 ≒擯 惷惺惠 惡 惘惡愀 惘擧惘惆悋 擧悋 惓惡惠 ≒悋愕惡 惡愕惠惘 擧悋 悴悋擯悋 惠 惺悋 悴惠 ≒擯悋 悋惆 拆愕惠悋 擧惆 悋慍 悋惺惠 悴惠 悋惘悋惆 悴悋擯悋悋 惆惘 悋 擯愕悋 惆悋惆 惘悋惘 ≒擯悋悋 惆 悋擧愕 悋擧悋 惶惘惠 惆惘
  • 41. Tools of milking. Lets learn! Pre (blue) and Post (yellow) Cooler box for keeping temperature (40) and preventing dust, feces and urine Bucket milker Dry towels Wet towelsDisinfectant in bucket Strip cup Dipper
  • 43. 拆愆悋惆悋惠 ≒惡 悋 惠愆悽惶 愕惠 惆惘 悋悽惶惶 愀悋惺悋惠 惠忰悋惠悋惘 擯惘惆 惶惘惠. ≒忰愕悋愕 惡悋 悋 惠愕惠 悋慍 惡悋惘 悋 悋惺悋惠 惠愆悽惶 惡惘悋 惠 擯惘惆惆 悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋 擯. ≒悋惺悋 惆惘 慍悋惆惠惘 惺 惺悋 擧惆悋 擧 擯惘惆惆 惠忰 惡悋惆惠 惠 忰惴 悋 惡 擧 惆悋惘惆 悋愆惠惘悋擧 擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡悋惠悋慍 悋 擧惘惆 悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋擧惠惘悋 擧愆惠 惘愆. ≒愆擧 惡 惡悋惘 悋 忰 擧惠惘 悴擯惘 惡惘悋 惆惠 惘悋 慍 惡惆悴 悋惆 愀惘忰 愆悽惶 悋 拆悋 惆悋惆悋惘 惶 悋惆悋惘悋 悛擯悋 愕愀忰 惡惘惆 惡惆 惡悋惆 擧 悋惆 惴惘惺惠 惡悋愆惆 悋 惡惘悋 悋 悴慍 愆惘 擯惘悋.
  • 44. 悋惆悋.. ≒悋 拆忰 擧悋惠 惠忰惠 惆惘 惡悋惠 惺 惆拆悋惘惠惠 忰惆悋擧悋惺 擯惘惆惆 惠悋愕愕 擧愆惘 悽惠 悋 拆惠 惆惘 慍惘悋惺惠 惠惘惘. ≒悋 惆惘 惠忰悋惠 悋悴惘悋 惡惘悋 惘悋 惆惘 悴慍 惡惘悋惠悋惘悋 惆惠 悋 惘悋愕惠 悋惆悋惘 惠惘惘 悽惆悋惠 惡悽愆 悋 拆惠 惆惘 慍 悋惆 悋悴悋惆 惠悋愕愕 悋惠 慍惘悋惺惠. ≒拆悋惠悴 悋惘惠惡悋愀 愕惠 惆惘 慍悋惆 悋 拆惘 惺 愀悋惺悋惠-慍惡悋 擯惘惆惆 悛愃悋慍 拆愕惠悋 悋惠悋惡 惆惘. ≒悋 惡惘悋 悽惠 悋 悋擧愕 悋擧愆悋 愕悋悽惠 惡惘悋 惺悋惠悋惠悋惡 拆忰 擯惘惆 惶惘惠 擯悵悋惘 愕惘悋 悋擯惘 擧 悋愕惠 慍 擯悋 拆愕惠悋 悋 惺悋惠 悋 悛愃悋慍 惠悋 惴惘惠 惘悋惠 拆惠 惠惘惘 惺惘悋 惡悋愆惆 惆悋惘悋.
  • 45. 悋惡惺 ≒忰愕 悋 悋忰惆.霸朿杆朸.擯悋 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 惘. 惺 悋惠愆悋惘悋惠 惠惘悋.惶朮朶. AHMAD, S., 2010. Evaluation of bovine mastitis causing Staphylococcus aureus biofilm vaccine in bovines. M.V.Sc., thesis, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, India. HUIRNE, R.B.M., SAATKAMP, H.W. and BERGEVOET, R.H.M., (2002). Economic analysis of common health problems in dairy cattle. In: Proceedings of the XIIth World Buiatrics Congress (Kaske, Scholz & Holtershinken, editors), 18- 23 August 2002, Hannover, Germany, 420-431. STEPHAN, R. and KUHN, K., 1999. Prevalence of verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) in bovine coli mastitis and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed.,.46: p. 423 - 427. RADOSTITS, O.M., GAY, G.C., BLOOD, D.C. and HINCHKILIFF, K.W. 2000. Veterinary Medicine. 9thEdition. EIBS and Bailliere Tindall: 604- 686. QUINN, P.J., MARKEY, B.K., CARTER, M.E., DONNELLY, W.J. and LEONARD, F.C., 2002. Veterinary microbiology and microbial disease., pp 330-7.
  • 46. THANQ

Editor's Notes

  • #9: 悋慍 愀惘 慍悋 忰悋惶 悋慍 惠愃惘悋惠 惠惘惡 愆惘 惓 悋愆 愆忰 悋愆 悋慍悧 悋惠慍 悋慍悋愆 愕惘 愆惘 拆惘惠悧 悋 悋慍悋愆 悋悋忰 惘悋 慍 惡悋惆 惆惘 惴惘 擯惘惠.
  • #16: Milk letdown is transitory process. After touch the teat, oxytocin is secreted from pituitary. After oxytocin is released, it takes 1-2 minutes for the pressure of milk in the udder to reach its maximum level. Oxytocin induces contraction of the milk gland And then, milk is pushed to the milk duct and the gland cistern, resulting milk let down. Once letdown has occurred, milking should follow as soon as possible. Any unusual delay will cause discomfort and reduce the release of milk.
  • #20: Contagious pathogens are transmitted from cow to cow, mainly at milking time through milking equipment, the milkers hands and contaminated wash cloths. The principle contagious pathogens are Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma species. Environmental pathogens enter the teat canal from manure, bedding, soil, plant material and water. Primary environmental pathogens include two types of bacteria: coliform bacteria and species of streptococci other than Strep. agalactiae. These are referred to as environmental streptococci.
  • #22: 悋 擯悋 悋 惘悋 惡悋惆 惡悋 悋愆 愆惘 惆愆 惠 悋忰惆 惆惘 拆悋悋 愆惘 惆愆 惡愀惘 悴惆悋擯悋 惘慍悋 忰惆悋 愕 惘惠惡 惆愆惆 惠悋 惺惠 惆惘 拆愕惠悋 愕惡惡 惷悋惺 拆愕惠悋 愆惆 忰悋 惘悋 惠忰惠 惘悋惡惠 惆悋擧惠惘 惠惘惘 惘悋惘 惆惆. 愆惘 惆愆惆 愆惆 惆惘 惘悽惠 愆惆 惡惺惆 悋慍 惘 惆惺 惆愆愆 惡悋惆 悋愆 惷惆 惺 擯惘惆惆.
  • #24: 悋 惺 悋惠悋惡 拆愕惠悋 惺悖 惡 惠惆悋 悴悋惡 惆惆 惆惘 惶惘惠 擯惆悋惘 擯悋 惆惘 擯 愕惡惡 拆愆惘惠 惡悋惘 愕惘悋惠 惡 愕悋惘 擯悋悋 愆惆 惡悋愕惠 忰悋 悛惆 忰悵 惡 愆惠悋惘擯悋 愕 惆悋惆 愆惆.
  • #37: 悋 惡悋惘 惆惘 悋惘惆 悽 悋慍 惡 惠惆悋 惆悋惘惆 惠悋 悋慍 惘愆 悋 悴惆悋 惆 忰悋 惠悽 愕惘惺 拆愕惠悋 惠愕愀 惆愆愆 慍悋惆 愆惘 悋 惘悋 惆 擯愕悋 悋愕惠悋惆 擧惘惆 悋慍 悋惆 悋惠 悋擧惘惡 悽惶惶 悋惘擯悋慍 悽悋惶 悋愕惠悋惆 惆
  • #42: These are tools of milking. Bucket milker, dipper, blue dipper is for pre-dipping and yellow dipper is for post-dipping, strip cup, dry towels, wet towels in cooler box because of keeping temperature and preventing dust, feces and urine, and disinfectant in bucket. Please remember them until todays practice.