This document discusses various diagnostic tests used in electrocardiography. It describes the placement of the 12 precordial leads on the chest and the 3 limb leads used in ECG. It also discusses Holter monitoring, stress testing, echocardiography including M-mode, 2D and Doppler echocardiography. Laboratory investigations discussed include cardiac markers like CK-MB, troponins and LDH along with serum lipids. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring techniques are also summarized including central venous pressure monitoring, intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring and pulmonary artery catheterization.
7. PRECORDIAL LEADS
V1-Right edge of the sternum,4th
Intercostal space
V2-left edge of the sternum,4th
Intercostal space
V3-placed between V2 & V4
V4-Midclavicular line,5th
intercostal space
V5-Anterior Axillary line,horizontal in line with V4
V6-Midaxillary line , horizontal with V4