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CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS:
? 1. Unsafe behavior
? 2 Attitude
? 3. Conditions
? 4. Equipments and machines
? 5. Knowledge
? 6. Physical Limitations
? 7. Drills
? 8. Unsafe environment

COMMON ACCIDENTS AT HOME
? Bad falls can cause death. As a result, a person can suffer from
broken bones, sprains, dislocation or a broken skull.
? Falls from great height as from building are more dangerous than
falling from a stair or ladder. Falling head first is also more
dangerous than falling with the body first.
? Several kinds of injury are cause by falls. There is the fracture or
break in the bone. There is the dislocation caused by a bone set
out of place at the joint. There is the shock caused by falls from
great heights or automobile accidents.
1. FALLS

How can we avoid falls?
? Toy, tools and other objects should be picked up and put away.
? If we are reaching for something high, we have to avoid climbing unsafe ladders
or stairs, or using chairs, weak boxes, creates or barrels.
? Floor and stairs should be in good repair.
? Immediately repair unsteady ladders. If it could not be repaired anymore, destroy
it.
? Spilled water, grease, oil and other liquids should be wiped up as quickly as
possible.
? Be careful when stepping on slippery floors especially in bathrooms.
? Stairs and doorways should be well-lighted; use flashlight if possible.
? Don��t place small rugs at the bottom or top of the stairs as it may cause
unexpected falls. If rugs must be used, they should be fastened to the floor.

2. Burns
? These are injuries caused by contact with strong heat. When a burn is caused by hot
liquid or hot, moist vapor, the burn is called a scald. Most burns are caused by dry or
moist heat. They may also be caused by electricity. An electric flash current causes
electric burn. Chemical burns are caused by strong acids and alkalies. Some chemical
burns are as dangerous as electric burns. Both may destroy the body tissues.
? Burns vary according to the degree or depth to which the body tissues are injured.
First degree burns are the least serious. Their result is reddened skin only. Second
degree burns are more serious. They result is blistered skin. The Third degree burns
are the most serious. They result in deeper destruction of the tissues, great pain for
the victim, and even shock.

Here are the rules for the prevention of
burns:
? Be sure never to pour kerosene into a coal or wood stove, even if you think that it has no fire.
? Lamps, matches, and lighted candles, should be placed out of children��s reach.
? Don��t place lighted candles or lamps near the curtains, draperies, or mosquito nets.
? Remove all dirt or rubbish under your house, in your yard or in street corners.
? Be sure never to pour water on flaming grease. Use salt, sand or sods to put out the flames, or cover
the pan with a metal lid.
? Be sure never to pour kerosene into a coal or wood stove, even if you think that it has no fire.
? Don��t forget to put out the fire before leaving the place of a bonfire.
? Put kettles and pans with hot liquid or lard away from the edge of a stove, sink, or table.
? Always keep the floor under a wood or coal stove covered with a sheet of metal.

? See that older people never smoke in bed or on a cushioned sofa or chair.
? Don��t throw cigarette stubs or matchsticks on piles of dry leaves, paper, or wood
without first stepping on them.
? Always use cleansing fluids that do not catch fire.
? Don��t allow your little brother and sisters to play near bonfires.
? See to it that your electrical appliances are always in good condition.
? See to it there are no chemicals around when you are lighting a match.
? Always turn off the electric iron when not in use.

3. Cuts and Punctures
? Cuts are open wounds made by any sharp instrument like knife, a razor,
or any broken glass. They may bleed freely because the blood vessels
are cut across, although only a little tissue around the cut is destroyed.
Because of the bleeding, open wounds are not as likely to be easily
infected as other kinds.
? Sharp instruments usually cause punctured wounds and stab. Nails and
ends of wire carelessly placed on walls, floor, or ground are common
causes of punctures. Stabs and punctures do not bleed freely; hence,
they are hard to clean and become easily infected.

How can you avoid punctured wounds
and stabs?
?Don��t walk barefooted on dirty places.
?When your feet are unprotected, be sure to
look out for broken glasses or nails.
?Razor and knife should be properly handled.

4. Bruises
? These are cause by blows on some parts of the body. The blow breaks
small blood vessels just under the skin. Because of this, there is
swelling and discoloration on the part that got blow.
? Fights are so common among boys today that you don��t have to think
long. When you box someone or you get boxed, you could get
bruises. Bumping against a hard or falling object usually bruises young
children.

How can you avoid bruises?
? Avoid getting into fights and look carefully where you are going.
? Look out for posts or doors, or close windows.
? See that your little brother or sister does not climb or go down chairs or
stairs without help.
Incase you get a bruise, ice or cloth wrung out of very cold water will
prevent swelling and discoloration. It will lessen the pain.

6. Electric Shocks
? This happens when someone comes in contact with a live wire either through carelessness or
through faulty wiring system. The contact results in electric shock. The person who gets this
contact may faint or get burned.
? The first thing to do is to break the contact between the person and live wire when this accident
happens. The person who does the breaking must first insulate himself to avoid getting the shock.
? One who gets an electric shock may turn bluish in color. He may have severe burns and his body
may be stiff. But these should not be thought of as signs of death. They are just due to the
electricity of timely and effective artificial respiration.
? A person who has been struck by lightning will show the same signs as those of one who gets an
electric shock.��

How to avoid electric shocks?
? Never touch any electrical appliance when hands are wet.
? Avoid buying electrical appliances that are poor grade or quality or that have not
been properly tested.
? Never unplug an appliance by pulling on the cord, or eventually you will break the
connection of the plug.
? Avoid getting close to a swing wire. It may be in contact with a live wire
somewhere.
? Never touch or use electric equipment that is not properly insulated, or kept safe
from electricity.

? Never touch an electrical appliance or witch when any part of your
body is in water.
? When there are faulty wires in your homes have a licensed electrician
repair them.
? Don��t let anybody take care of your electrical problems as it��s
dangerous to have someone who knows little of electricity fix the
problem.
? Never touch an appliance and metal fixtures such as faucet or
radiator at the same time.

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Causes of accidents

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