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C h a p t e r 4
Cell Modification

Learning Objectives:
 Define cell modification
 enumerate and describe the three types of cell
modification
 characterize apical, basal and lateral cell
modifications
 give examples of apical, basal and lateral cell
modifications

Overview:
 Definition of Cell modification
 Three types of Cell Modification
 Examples of Apical, Basal and Lateral
Cell Modification
 Functions of the different Cell Modification

What is Cell Modification?
 Are specialized or modifications re-acquired by
the cell after cell division that helps the cell in
different beneficial ways

Cell
Modification
Apical
Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli
Pseudopods
C
e
l
l
w
a
l
l
ECM
Glycoprotein Collagen
Basal Hemidesmosomes
Lateral
Tight Junctions
Adhering Junctions
Gap Junctions

basement membrane
A Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue
plasmodesma
ER
cytoplasm
plasma
membrane
cell wall
B Plasmodesmata are channels
that connect the cytoplasm and ER
of adjacent plant cells.

Apical Modification
 Cell modification found on
the apical surface of the
cell
basement membrane
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

Apical Modification
Cilia and Flagella
Cilia are usually short,
hair-like structures that
move in waves
Flagella are long whiplike
structures
Formed from
microtubules

Apical Modification
Cilia Flagellum

Apical Modification
Villi and Microvilli
 Villi are finger-like projections
that arise from the epithelial
layer in some organs. They
help to increase surface area
allowing for faster and more
efficient adsorption
 Microvilli are smaller projections
that arise from the cell's
surface that also increase
surface area allowing faster
and more efficient absorption

cellmodifications.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Apical Modification
Pseudopods
Temporary, irregular
lobes formed by
amoebas and some
other eukaryotic cells
Bulge outward to
move the cell or
engulf prey

Apical Modification
Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM)
Compound secreted by the cell on its apical
surface
Cell wall is the extracellular structure in plant
cells that distinguishes them from animal cells
Glycoprotein is the main ingredient of ECM in
animal cells

Apical Modification

Basal Modification
 Cell modification found on
the basal surface of the
cell
basement membrane
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

Basal Modification
Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes
 Anchoring junction on the
basal surface of the cell
 Rivet-like links between
cytoskeleton and extracellular
matrix components such as
the basal lamina that underlie
epithelia
 Primarily composed of keratin,
integrins and cadherins

Basal Modification

Lateral Modification
 Cell modification found
on the basal surface
of the cell

Lateral Modification
Tight Junction
Act as barriers that
regulate the movement
of water and solutes
between epithelial layers
Prevent leakage of ECF

Lateral Modification
Adhering Junction
Anchoring junction on the
lateral surface of the cell
Very similar to the
anchoring junction of the
basal surface of the cell
Fasten cells to one
another basement membrane
Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

Lateral Modification
Gap Junction
Also known as
communicating junctions
Closable channels that
connect the cytoplasm of
adjoining animal cells
Presence of connexon that
allow direct exchange of
chemicals between the
cytoplasm of two cells basement membrane
Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

Assignment
Visit the link:
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_v
s_Prokaryotic_Cell

More Related Content

cellmodifications.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1. C h a p t e r 4 Cell Modification

2. Learning Objectives:  Define cell modification  enumerate and describe the three types of cell modification  characterize apical, basal and lateral cell modifications  give examples of apical, basal and lateral cell modifications

3. Overview:  Definition of Cell modification  Three types of Cell Modification  Examples of Apical, Basal and Lateral Cell Modification  Functions of the different Cell Modification

4. What is Cell Modification?  Are specialized or modifications re-acquired by the cell after cell division that helps the cell in different beneficial ways

5. Cell Modification Apical Cilia Flagella Microvilli Pseudopods C e l l w a l l ECM Glycoprotein Collagen Basal Hemidesmosomes Lateral Tight Junctions Adhering Junctions Gap Junctions

6. basement membrane A Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues. gap junctions adhering junctions tight junctions free surface of epithelial tissue plasmodesma ER cytoplasm plasma membrane cell wall B Plasmodesmata are channels that connect the cytoplasm and ER of adjacent plant cells.

7. Apical Modification  Cell modification found on the apical surface of the cell basement membrane gap junctions adhering junctions tight junctions free surface of epithelial tissue

8. Apical Modification Cilia and Flagella Cilia are usually short, hair-like structures that move in waves Flagella are long whiplike structures Formed from microtubules

9. Apical Modification Cilia Flagellum

10. Apical Modification Villi and Microvilli  Villi are finger-like projections that arise from the epithelial layer in some organs. They help to increase surface area allowing for faster and more efficient adsorption  Microvilli are smaller projections that arise from the cell's surface that also increase surface area allowing faster and more efficient absorption

12. Apical Modification Pseudopods Temporary, irregular lobes formed by amoebas and some other eukaryotic cells Bulge outward to move the cell or engulf prey

13. Apical Modification Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) Compound secreted by the cell on its apical surface Cell wall is the extracellular structure in plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells Glycoprotein is the main ingredient of ECM in animal cells

14. Apical Modification

15. Basal Modification  Cell modification found on the basal surface of the cell basement membrane gap junctions adhering junctions tight junctions free surface of epithelial tissue

16. Basal Modification Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes  Anchoring junction on the basal surface of the cell  Rivet-like links between cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components such as the basal lamina that underlie epithelia  Primarily composed of keratin, integrins and cadherins

17. Basal Modification

18. Lateral Modification  Cell modification found on the basal surface of the cell

19. Lateral Modification Tight Junction Act as barriers that regulate the movement of water and solutes between epithelial layers Prevent leakage of ECF

20. Lateral Modification Adhering Junction Anchoring junction on the lateral surface of the cell Very similar to the anchoring junction of the basal surface of the cell Fasten cells to one another basement membrane Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues. gap junctions adhering junctions tight junctions free surface of epithelial tissue

21. Lateral Modification Gap Junction Also known as communicating junctions Closable channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells Presence of connexon that allow direct exchange of chemicals between the cytoplasm of two cells basement membrane Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues. gap junctions adhering junctions tight junctions free surface of epithelial tissue

22. Assignment Visit the link: http://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_v s_Prokaryotic_Cell