1. 犖犖犖犖朽1 DETERMINERS
A. Determiners 犖犖劇賢犖犖萎犖 ?
Determiners 犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犢犖о権
1. Articles : a , an , the
2. Demonstratives : this , that , there , those
3. Possessives : my , your , his , its , our ,their
4. Adjectives and pronouns of indeffiinie number and quantity :
some , any , no , every each , either , enough , few , many , much
B. 犖犖犢犖迦犖朽犖犖犖 Determiners
1. 犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖迦硯犢犖 noun 犖犖萎犖迦検犖÷顕 犢犖犢犖
(a) There is some truth in what he says.
(b) Our parents have gone to your village.
(c) Those flowers were given to that talented lady by an ardent admirer
of hers.
2. 犢犖犢犖犖迦犖迦犖園犖犖о顕犖 (define) 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦犖園 (limit) 犖犖迦犖迦検 犖犖劇賢 犖犖伍犖犖 犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖巌犖犖犖犖犢犖
singular 犢犖犢犖
(a) That car is my brothers.
(b) Have you been to the Doll s Museum.
3. Determiners 犖犖迦犢犖犢犖犖迦犖迦犖園犖犖о顕犖 (define) 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦犖園 (limit) 犖犖迦犖迦検犢犖 plural 犢犖犢犖
(a) Those melons look sweet.
(b) Some students of this collage have gone to nearby villages.
2. (c) They will tell the mothers what nutritive food they should give to
their children.
4. Determiners 犖犖迦犖犖萎牽犖萎犖伍犖犖巌検犖迦 (quantity) 犖犖犖劇賢犖犖迦犖о (amount) 犢犖犢犖
(a) Several passengers were injured in the accident.
(b) There were many beautiful rings in that shop.
(c) The minister answered some questions put to him.
5. Determiners 犖犖迦犖犖迦見犖犢犖迦犖迦犖о (numerals) 犢犖ム鍵犖犖伍犖犖園犖犢 (adjectives) 犢犖犢犖
(a) Those two girls play the piano beautifully.
(b) Their first public performance was in Bangkok.
(c) They werent any red apples in the shop.
1. THE ARTICLES
犢犖犢犖犖犖犖犢犖犢犖 2 犖犖犖巌犖犖劇賢
1. The Indefinite Articles 犖÷元 a 犢犖ム鍵 an
A 犢犖犢犖犖迦見犖犢犖迦犖迦犖朽犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犖犢犖о権犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖∇険犖犖犖犖 犢犖犢犖 a girl , a tree , a car etc.
An 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖迦犖朽犖犖謹犖犖犢犖犖犢犖о権犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖犖 犢犖犢犖 an orange , an egg etc.
犖犖迦牽犢犖犢 the indefinite articles 犢犖÷厳犢犖
(I) 犢犖犢犖犖朽犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖萎犖園 (class) 犢犖犢犖
(a) That is a diamond ring, the other rings in the jewelry box do not have
diaminds.
(b) Hamlet is a classic. We read classics again and again.
(c) An ostrich is a bird.
3. (II) 犢犖犢犢犖犖 one 犢犖犢犖
(a) An old woman is working in the garden and two are working in the
kitchen.
(b) Ill buy a kilo of sweets.
(III) 犢犖犢犖犖園 singular nouns 犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖ム犖迦硯犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖 犢犖犢犖
(a) A truck was coming at full speed, so I did not cross the road.
(b) An airplane has just taken off.
(IV) 犢犖犢犖犖園 nouns 犖犖朽犖犖項犖犖ム犖迦硯犢犖犖犖犖園犖犢犖犖 犢犖犢犖 犢犖犖о献犖
(a) It is a pleasure to hear her sing.
(b) It is a blessing to have your own house.
犖犖犢犖 proper nouns 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犢犖犖о犖迦犖項犖犖項犖犖ム犖迦硯犖犖謹犢犖犢犖犖犖犢犖犖ム犖犖犢犖迦肩犖迦見犖犖園犖犖項犖犖項
(a) A Mr. John came to see you while you were away.
(b) There was a Miss Chong who rang you up while you were in office.
犢犖犢犖犖園 few 犢犖ム鍵 little
(a) A few people attented the meeting.
(b) There are a few books on art in the library.
犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犖伍犖迦犖犖犢犖迦犖迦犖迦検 犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖犖朽犖犖園犢犖犢
(a) What a beautiful painting !
(b) What an idiotic reply !
4. The indefinite article 犖犖萎犖÷犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犢犖犢犖犖犖朽
犖犖犢犖 plural nouns
In that warren rabbits are eating carrots.
犖犖犢犖 material nouns
The indefinite article a 犖犖犖劇賢 an 犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖朽犢犖犢犖 glass, wood, cloth,
tea, water, ink, sand etc.
犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦
1. The window is made of glass.
2. I love tea.
The indefinite article 犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犢犖 abstract nouns 犢犖犢犖 beauty, goodness, happiness,
darkness, death, hope etc.
犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦
Keats said that beauty is truth
犖犖犢犖迦検犖劇犖犖犖迦見犖迦牽 犖∇犢犖о犖犖÷元 adjective 犖犖迦見犖犢犖
1. We had dinner at 10 last night.
2. Mrs. Lee gave a grand diner last night.
犖犖犢犖 uncountable nouns
The indefinite article 犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犢犖迦犖迦犢犖犢犖犖犖朽 information, news, furniture, luggage,
advice, knowledge 犖犖迦犖犖ム犖迦犖朽犖÷険犖犖犖迦見犖犢犖迦犢犖о権 some, any, a little, a lot, a piece of, etc
5. 犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦
1. Knowledge is power
2. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
3. A knowledge of science helps a technologist.
2.The Definite Articles
I. The definite articles
犢犖犢犢犖犢 the 犖÷元犖о元犢犖犢犖犖園犖犖朽
(i) 犢犖犖劇犖犖犖萎犖 noun 犖犖謹犖犖÷元犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖巌犖犢犖犖朽権犖о犖犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犢犖犖犖犖迦犖犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖謹犖 犢犖犢犖
(a) The earth moves round the sun.
(b) The engineer is not in his office, so we cannot see the blueprint of the
house.
(ii) 犢犖犖劇犖犖犢犖迦犖犖謹 noun 犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖ム犖迦硯犖÷顕犢犖ム犖о犖犖犖犖犖犢犖 犢犖犢犖
On a rainy day a women went to the market in her car.
The car skidded and turned over, but the women escaped unhurt.
(iii) 犖犖迦見犖犖園犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖 (Emphasis) 犢犖犢犖
John is an excellent accountant. He is the man for the job in this bank.
(iv) 犖犖犢犖 singular nouns 犖犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖ム幻犢犖 犢犖犢犖
(a) The lion is a fierce animal.
(b) The crow is a clever bird.
(v) 犖犖犢犖 superlatives 犢犖犢犖
(a) Supa is the tallest girl in school.
(b) Bangkok is the largest province in Thailand.
6. (vi) 犖犖犢犖 adjective 犖犖犖劇賢 singular noun 犖犖謹犖犢犖犖犖犖ム幻犢犖 犢犖犢犖
(a) The English are proud people.
(b) The old and the young should be able to live together.
(c) The rich and the poor go to the temple.
(vii) 犖犖犢犖迦犖劇犖犖犖項犖犖 犢犖÷犖犢犖 犖÷見犖迦肩犖÷幻犖犖 犖犖萎犖 犖犖÷弦犢犢犖犖迦鍵犖犖ム遣 犢犖犢犖
The Alps
The Yangtze
The lndian Ocean
The Arabian Sea
The United Kingdom
The United States of America
(viii) 犢犖犢犖犢犖迦犖犖謹犖犖÷顕犖犖巌犖犖伍犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖園硯 犢犖犢犖
The Johnsons, the Meekins
The 犖犖萎犖÷犢犖犢犖犖迦硯犢犖 home, church, market, school, hospital, work bed, 犢犖÷厳犢犖犢犖犢
犖犖園犖犖о顕犖÷見犖÷顕犖∇犖犖劇犖犖犖犢犖 (primary meaning) 犢犖犢犖
1. I went home when the meeting was over.
2. He goes to church on Sundays.
3. George goes to school in the morning.
4. I go to market at 8 oclock.
5. Som goes to hospital in the evening.
6. My friend returns from work after sunset.
7. He often goes to bad after midnight.
7. 犖犖∇犖迦犢犖犖犢犖犖迦検 犖犢犖迦犖迦犖犖ム犖迦犖朽犖犖÷顕犖∇犖謹犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犖犖迦犖迦牽 犖犖ム遣 犢犖ム鍵犢犖÷犖犖÷顕犖∇犖о顕犖÷犖謹犖犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖犖迦犖犖朽 犖犖迦犖迦牽
犖犖ム遣 犖犖園犖犢犖犢犢犖犢 the 犢犖犢犖
1. Where is the hospital in this town?
2. Im going to the market to meet my friend.
the 犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犢犖 proper names 犢犖犢犖 India, France, Hong Kong, Tokyo 犖∇犢犖о犖 The USA, the
Nile, the U.K.
II. THE DEMONSARTIVES
The Demonsartives 犢犖犢犢犖犢
(a) this (singular) 犢犖ム鍵 these (plural)
(b) that(singular) 犢犖ム鍵 those (plural)
犖犖園硯犖犖∇犖迦
1. This is an electronic watch. I bought it in Japan.
2. These are rather inique plants. I found them in the jungle.
3. That tall tree in the garden over there was planted by the oldest student
of this school?
4. Those women at the taxi stand come to see our town.
8. III. THE OTHER DETERMINERS
1. The Possessive
犖犖迦犖朽犖犖巌検犖犢犖犖園硯犢犖犢犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷犢犖犢犖犖犖朽 determiners
Peter is my friend. His father has built a big house Bangkok.
Peters brother are abroad.
Their families have moved into the house.
It is not complete yet. Its windows have to be painted.
2. Adjectives and pronouns of indefinite number and quantity
(a) Some, Any
Some 犢犖犖ム硯犢犖 犖犢犖迦 犖÷険犖犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犖犖犢犖ム犖 犖犢犖о any 犢犖犢犢犖犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犖犖巌犖犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖犖萎犖∇
犖犖迦犖迦検 犢犖犢犖
1. There is some butter in the dish.
2. Some shops are still open.
3. Is there any milk in the jug.
4. There arent any pencils on my desk.
any 犖犖萎犖犢犖犖園犖犖 scarcely, hardly, barely, without etc. 犢犖 affirmative sentences
犢犖犢犖
1. I have hardly my money in the Bank.
2. There was scarcely and food in the house.
3. The patient has scarcely had any milk today.
4. They swam the flood river without any hesitation.
9. (b) Every, Each
Every 犢犖ム鍵 Each 犢犖犖ム硯犢犖 犖犖園犖犖犖÷ Every 犢犖ム鍵 Each 犖犖迦検犖犢犖о権 singular verb 犢犖犖
1. Every ring in the shop window is fabulously expensive.
2. Each boy who entered the magicians tent looked excited.
(c) Either, Neither
Either 犖犖÷顕犖∇犖謹犖犖園犢犖犖犖園犖犖犖謹犖 犖犖犖劇賢 犖犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖謹犖犢犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖犖犖犖劇賢犖犖犖犖犖 Neither 犢犖犖ム硯犢犖
犢犖÷犖犖園犖犖犖犖犖犖巌犖 犖犖園犖 either 犢犖ム鍵 neither 犖犖迦検犖犢犖о権 singular verd 犢犖犢犖
1. The patient has been ask to take liquids. He can have either milk or fruit
juice.
2. There are two mango trees, in my garden. Neither tree bears fruit.
(d) No, Enough
No 犢犖犖ム硯犢犖 犢犖÷ Enough 犢犖犖ム硯犢犖 犢犖犖朽権犖犖犖
1. I have silk dresses but I have no cotton ones.
2. There was drought in this area.
There was no water in wells or ponds.
3. The army has dropped food packtes in the marooned aresa.
Now there is enough food for everyone.
4. There are more than enough reference book in the library for all of us.
(e) Many, Much
Many 犢犖犢犖犖園 plural countable nouns
10. Much 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖 uncountable nouns
1. There are many people in the bank
2. He didnt invite many people to his wedding.
3. There isnt much sense in what you are saying.
4. Thay havent much choice in the matter.
(f) Little, Few
Little 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖 uncountable nouns
Few 犢犖犢犖犖犢犖 countable nouns
1. There is little tea in the pot.
2. I had little sleep last night.
3. Few people go to the beach during weekdays.
