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chapter Three History of Roman Architecture

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chapter 3 History of Roman Architecture

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Roman Architecture
Arches • The Romans built arches for support of their structures. • The Romans built arches into all their buildings such as aqueducts and Triumphal Arches.
Aqueducts
Aqueducts- a way to carry water • There wasn’t enough water in the city of Rome. • The Romans brought water in from the surrounding countryside. • The water was brought in by tubes called aqueducts.
Why arches? • Water is heavy stuff. • The Romans needed a structure strong enough to hold all that water to move it from the mountains into the city.
Where did the water go? • The water was transported in concrete tunnels. • The tunnels were underground if possible. • Sometimes the tunnel had to go above ground.
How did the aqueduct work? • The water flowed in a tube on the top of the aqueduct called a water channel. • The arches supported the water channel.
What did the water channel look like? • The water flowed through a rectangular channel. • The channel was lined with concrete. • The Romans invented concrete.
Where else did the Romans use arches? •Arches of Triumph •Buildings •Roofs •Windows •Doorways •City wall entrance doors
Arches of Triumph- to celebrate military success
An Amphitheatre; a place for sporting and gladiatorial events. They were always circular. The one in Rome was named the Coliseum and could hold 50,000 spectators.
The Coliseum was a blend of Greek and Roman architecture • The arches are supported by central columns. • The columns on the first floor are Doric. • The columns on the second floor are Ionic. • The columns on the third floor are Corinthian.
Wealthy Romans, called patricians had the best seats. Middle-class citizens called plebeians, sat in the higher seats. Slaves, if they could afford it, sat in the highest seats.
The Pantheon- a temple to all the gods
How does an arch work? Keystones • The keystone is the red stone at the top of the arch. • The keystone is what the weight rests on.
How does an arch work? Voussoirs • The semi-circular stones on either side of the keystone are the voussoirs. • The voussoirs bring the weight to the columns that go to the ground.
How does an arch work? Buttressing • The square or rectangular blocks between each arch are buttresses. • The buttresses make a column that takes the weight all the way to the ground.
Modern arches Hotel Roanoke US Capital Dominion Towers Office in Tyson’s Corner
Your Task • Go to your seat. • You are going to draw an arch. • Just follow your teacher’s directions and you can do it!
First • Use the yogurt lid to draw a semi- circle.
Second • Add legs to your semi-circle. • Now you have an arch.
Third • Draw a smaller arch inside the first one.
Fourth • Draw a Keystone at the top of the arch.
Fifth • Now draw the Voussoirs that hold the Keystone in place.
Sixth • Draw a second arch next to the first one. • Go through the same steps.
Seventh • Connect the arches with buttresses. • You did it! • Success!

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chapter Three History of Roman Architecture

  • 2. Arches • The Romans built arches for support of their structures. • The Romans built arches into all their buildings such as aqueducts and Triumphal Arches.
  • 4. Aqueducts- a way to carry water • There wasn’t enough water in the city of Rome. • The Romans brought water in from the surrounding countryside. • The water was brought in by tubes called aqueducts.
  • 5. Why arches? • Water is heavy stuff. • The Romans needed a structure strong enough to hold all that water to move it from the mountains into the city.
  • 6. Where did the water go? • The water was transported in concrete tunnels. • The tunnels were underground if possible. • Sometimes the tunnel had to go above ground.
  • 7. How did the aqueduct work? • The water flowed in a tube on the top of the aqueduct called a water channel. • The arches supported the water channel.
  • 8. What did the water channel look like? • The water flowed through a rectangular channel. • The channel was lined with concrete. • The Romans invented concrete.
  • 9. Where else did the Romans use arches? •Arches of Triumph •Buildings •Roofs •Windows •Doorways •City wall entrance doors
  • 10. Arches of Triumph- to celebrate military success
  • 11. An Amphitheatre; a place for sporting and gladiatorial events. They were always circular. The one in Rome was named the Coliseum and could hold 50,000 spectators.
  • 12. The Coliseum was a blend of Greek and Roman architecture • The arches are supported by central columns. • The columns on the first floor are Doric. • The columns on the second floor are Ionic. • The columns on the third floor are Corinthian.
  • 13. Wealthy Romans, called patricians had the best seats. Middle-class citizens called plebeians, sat in the higher seats. Slaves, if they could afford it, sat in the highest seats.
  • 14. The Pantheon- a temple to all the gods
  • 15. How does an arch work? Keystones • The keystone is the red stone at the top of the arch. • The keystone is what the weight rests on.
  • 16. How does an arch work? Voussoirs • The semi-circular stones on either side of the keystone are the voussoirs. • The voussoirs bring the weight to the columns that go to the ground.
  • 17. How does an arch work? Buttressing • The square or rectangular blocks between each arch are buttresses. • The buttresses make a column that takes the weight all the way to the ground.
  • 18. Modern arches Hotel Roanoke US Capital Dominion Towers Office in Tyson’s Corner
  • 19. Your Task • Go to your seat. • You are going to draw an arch. • Just follow your teacher’s directions and you can do it!
  • 20. First • Use the yogurt lid to draw a semi- circle.
  • 21. Second • Add legs to your semi-circle. • Now you have an arch.
  • 22. Third • Draw a smaller arch inside the first one.
  • 23. Fourth • Draw a Keystone at the top of the arch.
  • 24. Fifth • Now draw the Voussoirs that hold the Keystone in place.
  • 25. Sixth • Draw a second arch next to the first one. • Go through the same steps.
  • 26. Seventh • Connect the arches with buttresses. • You did it! • Success!