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Comfort WomenIanfuο°²‹D
Tessa CastellaniDefining Comfort Women:Japan Focus
Introduction:  History of Comfort WomenComfort Women (JugunIanfu) were the victims of sex slavery by the Japanese military troops before and during World War II (1942-1945)Women were kidnapped, forced, and/or tricked into becoming prostitutes for Japanese troopsEarlier comfort women were Japanese prostitutes who volunteered for such a serviceThe military found itself short of these women as Japan continued military expansionTurned to the local population to coerce women to serve the troopsSoon the search was expanded to controlled territories:China, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Korea.
Comfort Station:  Shanghai, ChinaThe first "comfort station" was established in the Japanese concession in Shanghai in 1932.
Many women responded to calls for work as factory workers or nurses ¨C unaware of the military¡¯s true intentions.
Women were shipped all over  the territories  and many lost track of where they were and where their home was in relation.   Who Are Comfort Women?Comfort Women, Military Sex Slaves, MSS, JugunIanfuThere was no one specific type of ¡°comfort woman¡±They ranged from all walks of life ¨C from the very young  and prepubescent (11) to the middle-aged (35) ¨C and were from all over Southeast Asia ¨C Japan, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Korea.  It¡¯s difficult to determine just how many women were involved in this mass military sex slavery.  Most have sworn themselves to secrecy, too ashamed to ever speak of the atrocities they facedRemaining survivors are well into their eighties and do not have very long to tell their tale.
What was Involved?According to the House of Sharing, a human rights museum and a safe house for former comfort women, when a woman was captured or lured into comfort stations, she was given a medical examination to determine if she was a virgin or diseasedShe was then raped by the medical examiner and sent to her stationHer identity was quickly stripped of her as she was given a Japanese flower name by the first person to rape her. The women's names were written on wooden blocks and hung up much like menus are at restaurants in Japan.
On average, comfort women served 30 men daily on weekdaysServed up to 50 men daily on weekendsThe days leading up to the soldiers shipping out to the front lines were the worst timesHaving sex before going into battle was a sign of good luck and vitalitySome men would even take pubic hair for good luck
Women were beaten if they failed to act as if they enjoyed it or showed resistanceExtremely sore after just a few men with dozens still left until the day¡¯s endSome were given a few minutes to a half hour in-between to rest, but most were given only a jar of cotton swabs soaked in disinfectant and told to quickly clean before the next manSometimes they were given a single condom which had to be washed in between uses
Medical MaladiesWomen were checked biweekly for STIs/STDsContracting one or becoming pregnant would lead to punishmentIf given a ¡°clean¡± bill of health, the woman would be raped by her physician(s) after check-upTo combat STIsInjections of Mercury 606Their internal organs including their uterus were mostly destroyed through this methodForced hysterectomies
Pregnancy:  The Worst OffenseThe most brutal punishment was reserved for women who had ¡°let¡± themselves become pregnantBabies were forcibly aborted: Kicking or knifing by a group of soldiersRaped with hot irons until the baby diedBabies were subsequently chopped up and fed to dogs in front of the women to serve as an everlasting reminder
The AftermathAfter the Japanese were defeated, most comfort women were abandoned on site
Comfort women who survived and were discovered by the Allied forces were not returned to their homelands; there was just too many of them
There is evidence supporting that American and European military personnel "recycled" many of the women for their own sexual use
Many were considered prostitutes rather than victimsKim Hak SunIn 1991, former Korean comfort women Kim Hak Sun filed the first-ever lawsuit against the Japanese Government for its war crimes against women. Many others began to end their own silence and demands justice be brought before them.
Kim Hak Sun
Motivations & Reasoning
Statistics:  War crimes in Numbers

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  • 3. Introduction: History of Comfort WomenComfort Women (JugunIanfu) were the victims of sex slavery by the Japanese military troops before and during World War II (1942-1945)Women were kidnapped, forced, and/or tricked into becoming prostitutes for Japanese troopsEarlier comfort women were Japanese prostitutes who volunteered for such a serviceThe military found itself short of these women as Japan continued military expansionTurned to the local population to coerce women to serve the troopsSoon the search was expanded to controlled territories:China, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Korea.
  • 4. Comfort Station: Shanghai, ChinaThe first "comfort station" was established in the Japanese concession in Shanghai in 1932.
  • 5. Many women responded to calls for work as factory workers or nurses ¨C unaware of the military¡¯s true intentions.
  • 6. Women were shipped all over the territories and many lost track of where they were and where their home was in relation. Who Are Comfort Women?Comfort Women, Military Sex Slaves, MSS, JugunIanfuThere was no one specific type of ¡°comfort woman¡±They ranged from all walks of life ¨C from the very young and prepubescent (11) to the middle-aged (35) ¨C and were from all over Southeast Asia ¨C Japan, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Korea. It¡¯s difficult to determine just how many women were involved in this mass military sex slavery. Most have sworn themselves to secrecy, too ashamed to ever speak of the atrocities they facedRemaining survivors are well into their eighties and do not have very long to tell their tale.
  • 7. What was Involved?According to the House of Sharing, a human rights museum and a safe house for former comfort women, when a woman was captured or lured into comfort stations, she was given a medical examination to determine if she was a virgin or diseasedShe was then raped by the medical examiner and sent to her stationHer identity was quickly stripped of her as she was given a Japanese flower name by the first person to rape her. The women's names were written on wooden blocks and hung up much like menus are at restaurants in Japan.
  • 8. On average, comfort women served 30 men daily on weekdaysServed up to 50 men daily on weekendsThe days leading up to the soldiers shipping out to the front lines were the worst timesHaving sex before going into battle was a sign of good luck and vitalitySome men would even take pubic hair for good luck
  • 9. Women were beaten if they failed to act as if they enjoyed it or showed resistanceExtremely sore after just a few men with dozens still left until the day¡¯s endSome were given a few minutes to a half hour in-between to rest, but most were given only a jar of cotton swabs soaked in disinfectant and told to quickly clean before the next manSometimes they were given a single condom which had to be washed in between uses
  • 10. Medical MaladiesWomen were checked biweekly for STIs/STDsContracting one or becoming pregnant would lead to punishmentIf given a ¡°clean¡± bill of health, the woman would be raped by her physician(s) after check-upTo combat STIsInjections of Mercury 606Their internal organs including their uterus were mostly destroyed through this methodForced hysterectomies
  • 11. Pregnancy: The Worst OffenseThe most brutal punishment was reserved for women who had ¡°let¡± themselves become pregnantBabies were forcibly aborted: Kicking or knifing by a group of soldiersRaped with hot irons until the baby diedBabies were subsequently chopped up and fed to dogs in front of the women to serve as an everlasting reminder
  • 12. The AftermathAfter the Japanese were defeated, most comfort women were abandoned on site
  • 13. Comfort women who survived and were discovered by the Allied forces were not returned to their homelands; there was just too many of them
  • 14. There is evidence supporting that American and European military personnel "recycled" many of the women for their own sexual use
  • 15. Many were considered prostitutes rather than victimsKim Hak SunIn 1991, former Korean comfort women Kim Hak Sun filed the first-ever lawsuit against the Japanese Government for its war crimes against women. Many others began to end their own silence and demands justice be brought before them.
  • 18. Statistics: War crimes in Numbers
  • 19. AdamThe Rape of Nanking: A Comparison
  • 20. Kaitlyn CoonsComfort Women Outside Japan:A Global Menace