Communication
?Download as PPT, PDF?
2 likes?1,392 views
Communication is the process of exchanging information between people through an accepted system of symbols and involves both verbal and nonverbal elements; the most common forms of communication are spoken words, visual images, and body language. Effective communication requires a clear message that is accurate, relevant, timely, and applicable to be sent through an appropriate medium from a sender to a receiver with the opportunity for feedback.
Communication
- 1. Sc ale ino a T or Michelina Viggiani
- 2. Communication (coming from the Latin word "communis", meaning to share) IS a process in which people exchange information, news, ideas, feelings and also create and share meaning through an accepted code of symbols. ? in general is a means of connecting people or places ? in business is a key function of management Michelina Viggiani
- 3. Methods of communication One-way communication ? Information flows only in one direction ¨Cfrom the sender to the receiver with no feedback (memo, fax, email, letter) ? A much common way of communication because it is faster and easier for the sender and there is no trouble from disagreement. ? There may be mistakes in transmission of information. Two-way communication ? A process in which information flows in two-directions ¨C the receiver provides feedback and the sender receptive to the feedback. (Phone call, in person ) ? It is more accurate and fewer mistakes in transmission. ? But it is time-consuming and more difficult for the sender Collaborative communication ? Team meetings, consulting, decision making, group problem solving Michelina Viggiani
- 4. What are the most common ways we communicate? Sp ok en Wo ages rds l Im V isua n t io ic a n un tio mm ica un l co m rba om e lc n-v a rb No Ve s rd Wo Bo en dy itt Wr La n gu ag e Michelina Viggiani
- 5. NONVERBAL - VERBAL COMMUNICATION ? Nonverbal Communication - all elements of communication that do not involve words. Four basic types: Proxemics - an individual¡¯s perception and use of space Kinetics - study of body movements, including posture Facial & Eye Behaviour - movements that add cues for the receiver Paralanguage - variations in speech, such as pitch, loudness, tempo, tone, duration, laughing, & crying ? Verbal Communication - The encoding of messages into words, either written or spoken Michelina Viggiani
- 6. Communication Process encode decode Sender Medium Receiver Feedback The communication process is the guide toward realizing effective communication. Michelina Viggiani
- 7. Communication Key Elements ? Source/Sender ¨C an individual, group, or organization who initiates the communication and is initially responsible for the success of the message ? Message ¨C what information to communicate ? Encoding ¨C sender translates the message into symbols or language ? Medium/Channel ¨C pathway through which an encoded message is transmitted to a receiver Michelina Viggiani
- 8. ? Decoding - The processing stage where the receiver interprets the symbols sent by the sender, translates the message and tries to make the symbols meaningful ? Receiver ¨C the individual or group to whom the message is directed ? Feedback - is initiated by the receiver who decides what message to send to the original sender ( Feedback eliminates misunderstandings, allows the sender to evaluate the effectiveness of the message) ? Noise ¨C refers to anything that interferes at any stage of the communication process Michelina Viggiani
- 9. Communication Key Elements ? Source/Sender ¨C an individual, group, or organization who initiates the communication and is initially responsible for the success of the message ? Message ¨C what information to communicate ? Encoding ¨C sender translates the message into symbols or language ? Medium/Channel ¨C pathway through which an encoded message is transmitted to a receiver Michelina Viggiani
- 10. Characteristics of effective communications Effective communication requires the message to be: ? Clear and concise ? Accurate ? Relevant to the needs of the receiver ? Timely ? Meaningful ? Applicable to the situation Michelina Viggiani
- 11. Communication Barriers ? Physical separation ? Status differences Factors that block or ? Sex differences significantly distort ? Cultural diversity successful ? Language communication ? Educational level ? Attitude ? Timing ? Understanding of message Noise ? Trust Michelina Viggiani
- 13. Communication media ? Written communication media: (Letters ,Memos, Reports, Forms , Notice boards and Internal magazines or (Letters ,Memos, Reports, Forms , Notice boards and Internal magazines or newspapers, E-mail, Faxes, notices ,Circulars, Newsletters, Reports, Proposals, Research papers, Bulletins, Brochures, Manuals, In-house journals ) ? Oral communication media (Face-to-face discussions, telephone conversations, formal presentations, meetings, seminars, group discussions, interviews (employment/press), video conferences, voice conferences etc.) ? Electronic communication media (Paging devises, laptop computers, E-mail, fax machines, electronic notice boards etc.) Michelina Viggiani
- 14. Information Richness of Communication Media Michelina Viggiani
- 15. Communication Media Face-to-Face : ? Has highest information richness ? Can take advantage of verbal and nonverbal signals ? Provides for instant feedback ? Management by wandering around takes advantage of this with informal talks to workers ? Video conferences provide much of this richness and reduce travel costs and meeting times Spoken Communication Electronically Transmitted ? Has the second highest information richness ? Telephone conversations are information rich with tone of voice, sender¡¯s emphasis, and quick feedback, but provide no visual nonverbal cues Personally Addressed Written Communication ? Has a lower richness than the verbal forms of communication, but still is directed at a given person. ? Personal addressing helps ensure receiver actually reads the message¡ª personal letters and e-mail are common forms Michelina Viggiani
- 16. New Technologies for Communication ? Informational databases ? Electronic mail systems ? Voice mail systems ? Fax machine systems ? Cellular phone systems Michelina Viggiani
- 17. Tips for Effective Use of New Communication Technologies Provide social interaction opportunities Strive for message Build in completeness feedback opportunities Michelina Viggiani
- 18. ¡°Communication is not only the essence of being human, but also a vital property of life.¡±? John?A.?Piece? Michelina Viggiani
Editor's Notes
- #2: Michelina Viggiani