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Computers and People


                  Hao-Chuan Wang
         Department of Computer Science
Institute of Information Systems and Applications
       National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
      http://www.cs.nthu.edu.tw/~haochuan
                                                    1
From Laboratory to Everyday Computing
 The use scenario of computers is changing over time.
    Very few professional users in early days; Billions of
     professional and non-professional users today.
    Increasing connections and inter-dependence between
     computers and people.




   Robotron Computer (1970s)           Today (2012)
                                                              2
Computers & People
 Since the inception of CS, theres no lack of interest in studying
  people, and linking computers to people.
    One founding father of Artificial Intelligence, Herbert Simon
     won Turing Award and Nobel Prize for this line of work.




Shakey Robot (1970s)    IBM Deep Blue (1997)    Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001)
                                                     ACM Turing Award, 1975
                                                                          3
                                               Nobel Prize in Economics, 1978
Computers & People (cont.)
 Since 1990s, computers are becoming serious part of
  peoples everyday lives.
    Computing with human purposes:
     communication, socialization, collaboration, education,
     health, entertainment etc.


 CS concerns these issues too, and considers their
  implications to the design of interfaces and
  interactions between computers and people.



                                                          4
HCI- Human-Computer Interaction




     Collaboration            Visualization




Human-Robot Interaction                         5
                            Social Networking
User Interface Designs Are Not All The Same;
       Some Designs Can Be Confusing
                                Whats different
                                between Dont Save
                                and Cancel?




                                 Powerful
                                 but unusable.



                                                 6
Using Scientific Methods to Improve UI Designs




Eyetracking Studies




    Commercial                Google Search Results
                                                      7
Some Interfaces Involve More Than One Person
 Using computers to mediate communication in new
  ways.
    Twitter                          Plurk




                                                    8
Facebook




           9
From Communication to Social Networking
 People now can not only communicate with one
  another, but also network with them online.




                                                 10
Computers and People
MC
  Studying Social Networks          CY


Which person is more important,
SC, CY or MC?
SC is likely more important. Why?             GH
SC knows more people, and may
mediate more information
exchange.

How to pass information
from one person to another?
                                         SC
SC to GH: SC->TD->PQ->GH
SC to MC: none

Which sub-network (group) a
person belongs to?
Identifying the Group a Person Belongs To
  Insight: People in the same group stay close together.
   People in different groups are further apart.
       Edges (roads) with heavy traffic are more likely for
        inter-group transportation.


  Steps for identifying groups (clustering)
       Compute the betweenness value, the extent a node is
        required by the transportation between any two people
        in the network, for each edge.
       Remove high-betweenness edges to identify groups.


Pinney, J. W., & Westhead, D. R. (2007).Betweenness-based Decomposition Methods for Social and13
Biological Networks. Interdisciplinary Statistics and Bioinformatics.
Edge Betweenness-based Clustering        MC
                    CY




                                    GH




                             SC




                                              14
Concluding Remarks
 The range of topics that computer scientists look at
  may be much wider than one considers
    Plenty of diversity
    Plenty of scientific challenges
    Ex. Sustaining tradition and interest in studying people,
     such as individual behavior and social organization.

 Computing is more and more user-dependent and
  socially relevant
    Usable and useful HCI designs are more essential
    Computational social sciences- new opportunities
     and ways to understand people even more, e.g., the
     analysis of online social networks.
                                                             15

More Related Content

Computers and People

  • 1. Computers and People Hao-Chuan Wang Department of Computer Science Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan http://www.cs.nthu.edu.tw/~haochuan 1
  • 2. From Laboratory to Everyday Computing The use scenario of computers is changing over time. Very few professional users in early days; Billions of professional and non-professional users today. Increasing connections and inter-dependence between computers and people. Robotron Computer (1970s) Today (2012) 2
  • 3. Computers & People Since the inception of CS, theres no lack of interest in studying people, and linking computers to people. One founding father of Artificial Intelligence, Herbert Simon won Turing Award and Nobel Prize for this line of work. Shakey Robot (1970s) IBM Deep Blue (1997) Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001) ACM Turing Award, 1975 3 Nobel Prize in Economics, 1978
  • 4. Computers & People (cont.) Since 1990s, computers are becoming serious part of peoples everyday lives. Computing with human purposes: communication, socialization, collaboration, education, health, entertainment etc. CS concerns these issues too, and considers their implications to the design of interfaces and interactions between computers and people. 4
  • 5. HCI- Human-Computer Interaction Collaboration Visualization Human-Robot Interaction 5 Social Networking
  • 6. User Interface Designs Are Not All The Same; Some Designs Can Be Confusing Whats different between Dont Save and Cancel? Powerful but unusable. 6
  • 7. Using Scientific Methods to Improve UI Designs Eyetracking Studies Commercial Google Search Results 7
  • 8. Some Interfaces Involve More Than One Person Using computers to mediate communication in new ways. Twitter Plurk 8
  • 10. From Communication to Social Networking People now can not only communicate with one another, but also network with them online. 10
  • 12. MC Studying Social Networks CY Which person is more important, SC, CY or MC? SC is likely more important. Why? GH SC knows more people, and may mediate more information exchange. How to pass information from one person to another? SC SC to GH: SC->TD->PQ->GH SC to MC: none Which sub-network (group) a person belongs to?
  • 13. Identifying the Group a Person Belongs To Insight: People in the same group stay close together. People in different groups are further apart. Edges (roads) with heavy traffic are more likely for inter-group transportation. Steps for identifying groups (clustering) Compute the betweenness value, the extent a node is required by the transportation between any two people in the network, for each edge. Remove high-betweenness edges to identify groups. Pinney, J. W., & Westhead, D. R. (2007).Betweenness-based Decomposition Methods for Social and13 Biological Networks. Interdisciplinary Statistics and Bioinformatics.
  • 15. Concluding Remarks The range of topics that computer scientists look at may be much wider than one considers Plenty of diversity Plenty of scientific challenges Ex. Sustaining tradition and interest in studying people, such as individual behavior and social organization. Computing is more and more user-dependent and socially relevant Usable and useful HCI designs are more essential Computational social sciences- new opportunities and ways to understand people even more, e.g., the analysis of online social networks. 15

Editor's Notes

  • #6: http://trendsupdates.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/snack2.jpg