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Conditional sentences

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Alballeo

This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. It explains the structure and uses of 1) first conditional sentences, which refer to possible present or future conditions based on fact, 2) second conditional sentences, which refer to unlikely or hypothetical present/future conditions, and 3) third conditional sentences, which refer to unlikely past conditions. It also covers structures using "unless", "in case", "wish", "if only", and "I'd rather" to express different types of hypothetical situations.

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Conditional Sentences English I
1st Type conditional 1.Structure: (If clause) If +subj+present simple+complements (Main clause) Subj+will+infinitive+complements 2. Uses: They are based on fact in real time. They express a possible condition and its probable result in the present or future. Ex: If you pass your exams, I will buy you a car.
Second type Conditional 1.Structure: (If clause) If +subj+ past simple+complements (Main clause) Subj+would+infinitive+complements 2.Uses: They are not based on fact. They express a situation which is contrary to reality in the present and the future. They express a hypothetical condition and its probable result. Ex: If I were taller, I would join the police force. Ex: What would you do if you won the lottery? -We can use ¡°were¡± instead of ¡°was¡±, especially in a formal style.
Third type Conditional 1.Structure: (If clause) If+ subj+ past perfect+complements/ (Main clause) Subj+ would +have+past participle + complements 2.Uses: They are not based on fact. They express a situation which is contrary to reality in the past. Ex: If you had come to the party, you would have had a great time. - I wouldn¡¯t have met my wife, if I hadn¡¯t gone to Paris.
Unless/ In case Unless means the same as ¡° if not¡±. Ex: I can¡¯t see If I don¡¯t wear glasses/ I can¡¯t see unless I wear glasses. We use ¡°in case¡±, to talk about doing something to avoid a possible problem later on. Ex: I¡¯ll bring in the washing if/in case it rains.
Other structures that express hypothesis Structures with wish , if only , and I¡¯d rather are similar to the second and third conditionals. Ex: I wish I were taller (but I¡¯m not) Ex: If only you hadn¡¯t said that (But you did) Ex: I¡¯d rather you didn¡¯t wear lots of make-up (But you do).
¡° I¡¯d rather you¡± ¡­is often used as a polite way to tell someone to do something differently. The negative form, ¡°I¡¯d rather you didn¡¯t¡±, is useful as a polite way to say no .

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Conditional sentences

  • 2. 1st Type conditional 1.Structure: (If clause) If +subj+present simple+complements (Main clause) Subj+will+infinitive+complements 2. Uses: They are based on fact in real time. They express a possible condition and its probable result in the present or future. Ex: If you pass your exams, I will buy you a car.
  • 3. Second type Conditional 1.Structure: (If clause) If +subj+ past simple+complements (Main clause) Subj+would+infinitive+complements 2.Uses: They are not based on fact. They express a situation which is contrary to reality in the present and the future. They express a hypothetical condition and its probable result. Ex: If I were taller, I would join the police force. Ex: What would you do if you won the lottery? -We can use ¡°were¡± instead of ¡°was¡±, especially in a formal style.
  • 4. Third type Conditional 1.Structure: (If clause) If+ subj+ past perfect+complements/ (Main clause) Subj+ would +have+past participle + complements 2.Uses: They are not based on fact. They express a situation which is contrary to reality in the past. Ex: If you had come to the party, you would have had a great time. - I wouldn¡¯t have met my wife, if I hadn¡¯t gone to Paris.
  • 5. Unless/ In case Unless means the same as ¡° if not¡±. Ex: I can¡¯t see If I don¡¯t wear glasses/ I can¡¯t see unless I wear glasses. We use ¡°in case¡±, to talk about doing something to avoid a possible problem later on. Ex: I¡¯ll bring in the washing if/in case it rains.
  • 6. Other structures that express hypothesis Structures with wish , if only , and I¡¯d rather are similar to the second and third conditionals. Ex: I wish I were taller (but I¡¯m not) Ex: If only you hadn¡¯t said that (But you did) Ex: I¡¯d rather you didn¡¯t wear lots of make-up (But you do).
  • 7. ¡° I¡¯d rather you¡± ¡­is often used as a polite way to tell someone to do something differently. The negative form, ¡°I¡¯d rather you didn¡¯t¡±, is useful as a polite way to say no .