Data Types and Variables In C ProgrammingKamal Acharya
油
This document discusses data types and variables in C programming. It defines the basic data types like integer, floating point, character and void. It explains the size and range of integer and floating point data types. It also covers user-defined data types using typedef and enumeration. Variables are used to store and manipulate data in a program and the document outlines the rules for declaring variables and assigning values to them.
This document discusses variables in C programming. It explains that variables are names that refer to memory locations where values can be stored and changed during program execution. It provides the syntax for declaring variables using different data types like int, float, double, and char. Rules for variable names are also outlined, such as starting with a letter or underscore and avoiding reserved words.
C programs are composed of six types of tokens: keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, special symbols, and operators. Keywords are reserved words that serve as building blocks for statements and cannot be used as names. Identifiers name variables, functions, and arrays and must begin with a letter. Constants represent fixed values and come in numeric, character, and string forms. Special symbols include braces, parentheses, and brackets that indicate code blocks, function calls, and arrays. Operators perform arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logic, and other operations.
This document discusses key concepts in C programming including variables, data types, constants, keywords, comments, and rules for writing C programs. It defines variables as containers for storing data in memory locations. It describes predefined data types like char, int, float, and double as well as derived and user-defined data types. It also covers identifiers, declarations, initialization, keywords, constants, comments, and general rules for writing C programs.
This document discusses the five main types of tokens in C++ - keywords, variables, constants, strings, and operators. It provides definitions and examples of each token type. Keywords are reserved words that cannot be used as variable names, while variables store values that can change. Constants represent fixed values, strings group characters within double quotes, and operators perform actions on operands like arithmetic, comparison, and assignment.
The document discusses strings in C programming. It defines strings as sequences of characters stored as character arrays that are terminated with a null character. It covers string literals, declaring and initializing string variables, reading and writing strings, and common string manipulation functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp(), and strcat(). These functions allow operations on strings like getting the length, copying strings, comparing strings, and concatenating strings.
This document provides an overview of constants, variables, and data types in the C programming language. It discusses the different categories of characters used in C, C tokens including keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, special symbols, and operators. It also covers rules for identifiers and variables, integer constants, real constants, single character constants, string constants, and backslash character constants. Finally, it describes the primary data types in C including integer, character, floating point, double, and void, as well as integer, floating point, and character types.
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable, i.e., direct address of the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before you can use it to store any variable address.
There are few important operations, which we will do with the help of pointers very frequently. (a) we define a pointer variable (b) assign the address of a variable to a pointer and (c) finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. This is done by using unary operator * that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand.
Functions allow programmers to break programs into smaller, reusable parts. There are two types of functions in C: library functions and user-defined functions. User-defined functions make programs easier to understand, debug, test and maintain. Functions are declared with a return type and can accept arguments. Functions can call other functions, allowing for modular and structured program design.
The document discusses functions in C programming. It defines functions as self-contained blocks of code that perform a specific task. Functions make a program more modular and easier to debug by dividing a large program into smaller, simpler tasks. Functions can take arguments as input and return values. Functions are called from within a program to execute their code.
This document discusses various data types in C programming. It covers primary data types like int, char, float, and void. It also discusses derived data types such as arrays, pointers, enumerated data types, structures, and typedef. For each data type, it provides details on usage, memory size, value ranges, and examples.
Strings are arrays of characters that are null-terminated. They can be manipulated using functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), and strcmp(). The document discusses initializing and reading strings, passing strings to functions, and using string handling functions to perform operations like copying, concatenating, comparing, and reversing strings. It also describes arrays of strings, which are 2D character arrays used to store multiple strings. Examples are provided to demonstrate reading and sorting arrays of strings.
The document discusses the if-else conditional statement in C programming. It provides the syntax and examples of using if-else statements to execute code conditionally based on whether an expression is true or false. This includes if-then statements with and without else blocks, multiway if-else statements, nested if statements, and examples checking the equality of variables and ranges of values.
Here is a C program to produce a spiral array as described in the task:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n = 5;
int arr[n][n];
int num = 1;
int rowBegin = 0;
int rowEnd = n-1;
int colBegin = 0;
int colEnd = n-1;
while(rowBegin <= rowEnd && colBegin <= colEnd) {
// Top row
for(int i=colBegin; i<=colEnd; i++) {
arr[rowBegin][i] = num++;
}
rowBegin++;
// Right column
for(int i=rowBegin;
The document discusses the different types of operators in C programming language including arithmetic, assignment, relational, logical, bitwise, conditional (ternary), and increment/decrement operators. It provides examples of how each operator is used in C code and what operation they perform on variables and values.
Type conversion in C provides two methods: implicit type conversion which occurs automatically during expressions, and explicit type conversion using cast expressions. Implicit conversion occurs when different types are used in expressions, such as when an int is used in a calculation with a float. The usual arithmetic conversions implicitly promote operands to the smallest type that can accommodate both values. Explicit casting uses cast operators to force a type conversion.
The document discusses the character set, keywords, and identifiers in the C programming language. It provides lists of uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, and special characters that are valid in C. It also lists and describes common keywords for data types, qualifiers, loop controls, user-defined types, jumping controls, and storage classes. Rules for writing identifiers are outlined, noting they must start with a letter, can include letters, digits, and underscores, and the first 31 characters are significant to the compiler.
BRANCHING STATEMENTS
if statement
if else statement
if else if ladder
Nested if
Goto
Switch case
programs
output
flowchart
Branching / Decision Making Statements
The statements in the program that helps to transfer the control from one part to other parts of the program.
Facilitates program in determining the flow of control
Involves decision making conditions
See whether the condition is satisfied or not
If statement; Execute a set of command line or one command line when the logical condition is true.
It has only one option
syntax with flowchart
If else if ladder; Number of logical statements are checked for executing various statement
If the first condition is true the compiler executes the block followed by first if condition.
If false it skips the block and checks for the next logical condition followed by else if.
Process is continued until a true condition is occurred or an else condition is satisfied.
Switch case; Multiway branch statement
It only requires one argument of any type, which is checked with number of cases.
If the value matches with the case constant, that particular case constant is executed. If not the default statement is executed.
Break statement used to exit from current case structure
Nested if else; When a series of decisions are involved we use more than one if-else statement.
If condition is true control passes to first block i.e., if block. In this case there may be one more if block.
If condition is false control passes to else block. There we may have one more if block.
This document discusses standard input/output functions in C language. It provides examples of functions like printf(), scanf(), gets(), puts() to take input from keyboard and display output. It explains format specifiers like %d, %f used with these functions. Escape sequences and functions like getch(), getche(), clrscr() for character input and screen clearing are also covered along with examples.
Pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable. Pointers in C are used to allocate memory dynamically at runtime and can point to data of any type such as int, float, char, etc. Pointers are declared with a * before the variable name and are initialized using the address operator &. Pointers can be used to pass arguments to functions by reference and can also point to elements within structures.
Unions allow a variable to hold objects of different types in the same memory location. All members of a union share the same memory location, which is the size of the largest member. This means unions save memory by storing all members in one block, but the programmer must ensure the correct member is being accessed based on the data currently stored. The example program defines a union called Student containing different data types, reads values into members, and displays the members to demonstrate unions share the same memory location.
Operator & control statements in C are used to perform operations and control program flow. Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %) are used for mathematical calculations on integers and floating-point numbers. Relational operators (<, <=, >, >=, ==, !=) compare two operands. Logical operators (&&, ||, !) combine conditions. Control statements like if-else, switch, while, for, break, continue and goto alter program execution based on conditions.
C programming language supports two types of comments: single-line comments and multi-line comments. Single-line comments start with // and are used to comment individual statements. Multi-line comments start with /* and end with */ and can span multiple lines, making them useful for documentation at the beginning of code or for commenting blocks of code. Comments help explain the logic and flow of code but comments within comments are not allowed and will cause errors.
Chapter1 c programming data types, variables and constantsvinay arora
油
The document discusses key concepts in C programming including:
- C is a general-purpose, procedural, portable programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie.
- Data types in C include integer, floating point, character, and string literals. Variables and constants can be declared with different data types.
- Variables store values that can change during program execution while constants store fixed values. Variables have both l-values and r-values but constants only have r-values.
- Comments, preprocessor directives, functions, and standard input/output are basic elements of a C program structure.
The document discusses strings in C programming. It defines strings as sequences of characters stored as character arrays that are terminated with a null character. It covers string literals, declaring and initializing string variables, reading and writing strings, and common string manipulation functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp(), and strcat(). These functions allow operations on strings like getting the length, copying strings, comparing strings, and concatenating strings.
This document provides an overview of constants, variables, and data types in the C programming language. It discusses the different categories of characters used in C, C tokens including keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, special symbols, and operators. It also covers rules for identifiers and variables, integer constants, real constants, single character constants, string constants, and backslash character constants. Finally, it describes the primary data types in C including integer, character, floating point, double, and void, as well as integer, floating point, and character types.
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable, i.e., direct address of the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before you can use it to store any variable address.
There are few important operations, which we will do with the help of pointers very frequently. (a) we define a pointer variable (b) assign the address of a variable to a pointer and (c) finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. This is done by using unary operator * that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand.
Functions allow programmers to break programs into smaller, reusable parts. There are two types of functions in C: library functions and user-defined functions. User-defined functions make programs easier to understand, debug, test and maintain. Functions are declared with a return type and can accept arguments. Functions can call other functions, allowing for modular and structured program design.
The document discusses functions in C programming. It defines functions as self-contained blocks of code that perform a specific task. Functions make a program more modular and easier to debug by dividing a large program into smaller, simpler tasks. Functions can take arguments as input and return values. Functions are called from within a program to execute their code.
This document discusses various data types in C programming. It covers primary data types like int, char, float, and void. It also discusses derived data types such as arrays, pointers, enumerated data types, structures, and typedef. For each data type, it provides details on usage, memory size, value ranges, and examples.
Strings are arrays of characters that are null-terminated. They can be manipulated using functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), and strcmp(). The document discusses initializing and reading strings, passing strings to functions, and using string handling functions to perform operations like copying, concatenating, comparing, and reversing strings. It also describes arrays of strings, which are 2D character arrays used to store multiple strings. Examples are provided to demonstrate reading and sorting arrays of strings.
The document discusses the if-else conditional statement in C programming. It provides the syntax and examples of using if-else statements to execute code conditionally based on whether an expression is true or false. This includes if-then statements with and without else blocks, multiway if-else statements, nested if statements, and examples checking the equality of variables and ranges of values.
Here is a C program to produce a spiral array as described in the task:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n = 5;
int arr[n][n];
int num = 1;
int rowBegin = 0;
int rowEnd = n-1;
int colBegin = 0;
int colEnd = n-1;
while(rowBegin <= rowEnd && colBegin <= colEnd) {
// Top row
for(int i=colBegin; i<=colEnd; i++) {
arr[rowBegin][i] = num++;
}
rowBegin++;
// Right column
for(int i=rowBegin;
The document discusses the different types of operators in C programming language including arithmetic, assignment, relational, logical, bitwise, conditional (ternary), and increment/decrement operators. It provides examples of how each operator is used in C code and what operation they perform on variables and values.
Type conversion in C provides two methods: implicit type conversion which occurs automatically during expressions, and explicit type conversion using cast expressions. Implicit conversion occurs when different types are used in expressions, such as when an int is used in a calculation with a float. The usual arithmetic conversions implicitly promote operands to the smallest type that can accommodate both values. Explicit casting uses cast operators to force a type conversion.
The document discusses the character set, keywords, and identifiers in the C programming language. It provides lists of uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, and special characters that are valid in C. It also lists and describes common keywords for data types, qualifiers, loop controls, user-defined types, jumping controls, and storage classes. Rules for writing identifiers are outlined, noting they must start with a letter, can include letters, digits, and underscores, and the first 31 characters are significant to the compiler.
BRANCHING STATEMENTS
if statement
if else statement
if else if ladder
Nested if
Goto
Switch case
programs
output
flowchart
Branching / Decision Making Statements
The statements in the program that helps to transfer the control from one part to other parts of the program.
Facilitates program in determining the flow of control
Involves decision making conditions
See whether the condition is satisfied or not
If statement; Execute a set of command line or one command line when the logical condition is true.
It has only one option
syntax with flowchart
If else if ladder; Number of logical statements are checked for executing various statement
If the first condition is true the compiler executes the block followed by first if condition.
If false it skips the block and checks for the next logical condition followed by else if.
Process is continued until a true condition is occurred or an else condition is satisfied.
Switch case; Multiway branch statement
It only requires one argument of any type, which is checked with number of cases.
If the value matches with the case constant, that particular case constant is executed. If not the default statement is executed.
Break statement used to exit from current case structure
Nested if else; When a series of decisions are involved we use more than one if-else statement.
If condition is true control passes to first block i.e., if block. In this case there may be one more if block.
If condition is false control passes to else block. There we may have one more if block.
This document discusses standard input/output functions in C language. It provides examples of functions like printf(), scanf(), gets(), puts() to take input from keyboard and display output. It explains format specifiers like %d, %f used with these functions. Escape sequences and functions like getch(), getche(), clrscr() for character input and screen clearing are also covered along with examples.
Pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable. Pointers in C are used to allocate memory dynamically at runtime and can point to data of any type such as int, float, char, etc. Pointers are declared with a * before the variable name and are initialized using the address operator &. Pointers can be used to pass arguments to functions by reference and can also point to elements within structures.
Unions allow a variable to hold objects of different types in the same memory location. All members of a union share the same memory location, which is the size of the largest member. This means unions save memory by storing all members in one block, but the programmer must ensure the correct member is being accessed based on the data currently stored. The example program defines a union called Student containing different data types, reads values into members, and displays the members to demonstrate unions share the same memory location.
Operator & control statements in C are used to perform operations and control program flow. Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %) are used for mathematical calculations on integers and floating-point numbers. Relational operators (<, <=, >, >=, ==, !=) compare two operands. Logical operators (&&, ||, !) combine conditions. Control statements like if-else, switch, while, for, break, continue and goto alter program execution based on conditions.
C programming language supports two types of comments: single-line comments and multi-line comments. Single-line comments start with // and are used to comment individual statements. Multi-line comments start with /* and end with */ and can span multiple lines, making them useful for documentation at the beginning of code or for commenting blocks of code. Comments help explain the logic and flow of code but comments within comments are not allowed and will cause errors.
Chapter1 c programming data types, variables and constantsvinay arora
油
The document discusses key concepts in C programming including:
- C is a general-purpose, procedural, portable programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie.
- Data types in C include integer, floating point, character, and string literals. Variables and constants can be declared with different data types.
- Variables store values that can change during program execution while constants store fixed values. Variables have both l-values and r-values but constants only have r-values.
- Comments, preprocessor directives, functions, and standard input/output are basic elements of a C program structure.
The document discusses various operators in C programming language. It classifies operators into arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment and special operators. It provides examples of using different operators and explains their precedence rules and associativity.
This C tutorial covers every topic in C with the programming exercises. This is the most extensive tutorial on C you will get your hands on. I hope you will love the presentation. All the best. Happy learning.
Feedbacks are most welcome. Send your feedbacks to dwivedi.2512@gmail.com. You can download this document in PDF format from the link, http://www.slideshare.net/dwivedi2512/learning-c-an-extensive-guide-to-learn-the-c-language
The storage class determines where a variable is stored in memory (CPU registers or RAM) and its scope and lifetime. There are four storage classes in C: automatic, register, static, and external. Automatic variables are stored in memory, have block scope, and are reinitialized each time the block is entered. Register variables try to store in CPU registers for faster access but may be stored in memory. Static variables are also stored in memory but retain their value between function calls. External variables have global scope and lifetime across the entire program.
This document introduces some of the basic elements of the C programming language, including the C character set, keywords and identifiers, constants, data types, variables, arrays, declarations, expressions, and statements. It discusses each of these elements in 1-3 sentences, providing the key details about what they are and how they are used in C programs. For example, it notes that identifiers are names given to program elements like variables and functions, and that keywords are reserved words in C that cannot be used as identifiers. It also gives examples of different types of constants in C like integer, floating point, character, and string constants.
This document provides an overview of C programming, including getting started, keywords, identifiers, variables, constants, and data types. It explains that C is an efficient programming language widely used for system and application software. It also covers the basics of compilers, keywords, variables, constants, and different data types like integers, floats, characters, and more. The document is intended for beginners to provide a solid foundation of C programming concepts.
This document provides an overview of variables and constants in C#. It discusses the definition and initialization of variables, including value types like integers, floats, characters and reference types. Constants refer to fixed values that cannot be altered, and include integer, floating point, character and string literals. Various examples are provided of defining and initializing different types of variables and constants in C#.
The document discusses key concepts in C programming including:
1) The life cycle of a C program involving preprocessing, compilation, assembly, linking, and program execution in memory.
2) The structure of a C program including keywords, identifiers, variables, literals, and different variable types.
3) Details about integer, floating point, character, and string literals as well as escape sequences used in C programming.
This document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses what a programming language and computer program are, and defines key concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, variables, data types, constants, keywords, and instructions. It also outlines the basic structure of a C program, including header files, functions, comments, and compilation/execution. The document explains the different character sets and components used to write C programs, such as variables, arithmetic operations, and control structures.
Fundamentals of C includes tokens contains identifiers, constants, strings, variables, different types of operators, special symbols, data types and type casting in C Language
Constants are values that do not change during program execution and include numeric constants like integers and floating point numbers, as well as string or character constants. Variables are identifiers that are used to refer to values that can change during program execution. Common variable types in C include integers, floating point numbers, characters, and strings. Variables must be declared with a data type before being assigned values and have naming conventions like starting with a letter and being less than 32 characters.
This document provides an overview of various concepts in C programming including input operations, arrays, declarations, expressions, statements, and symbolic constants. It explains how to take user input using scanf(), defines arrays as collections of similar data types indexed by subscripts, and shows examples of variable declarations. Expressions are defined as combinations of operators and operands that evaluate to a value. Statement types like expressions, compound, and control statements are described. Finally, symbolic constants are covered as named constants that are replaced by their actual values during compilation.
Constants Variables Datatypes by Mrs. Sowmya JyothiSowmyaJyothi3
油
C provides various data types to store different types of data. The main data types are integer, float, double, and char. Variables are used to store and manipulate data in a program. Variables must be declared before use, specifying the data type. Constants are fixed values that don't change, and can be numeric, character, or string values. Symbolic constants can be defined to represent constant values used throughout a program. Input and output of data can be done using functions like scanf and printf.
This document provides an introduction to C++ programming, covering key concepts like characters, tokens, keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, I/O streams, variables, comments, and common errors. It explains that Bjarne Stroustrup extended C to create C++, adding object-oriented features from Simula. The main components discussed are the building blocks of any C++ program - characters, tokens, data types, and basic input/output operations.
This document provides an introduction to C++ programming, covering key concepts like characters, tokens, keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, input/output, variables, comments, and common errors. It explains that C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in the 1980s as an extension of C with object-oriented features from Simula 67.
This document provides a summary of the MetaQuotes Language 4 (MQL4) programming language. MQL4 allows users to create expert advisors, indicators, scripts and libraries to automate trading strategies. The document covers MQL4 syntax including data types, variables, functions, operators and expressions. It provides examples and descriptions of commands for technical analysis, trading and working with arrays, strings, colors and dates.
This document provides a summary of the MetaQuotes Language 4 (MQL4) programming language. MQL4 allows users to create expert advisors, indicators, scripts and libraries to automate trading strategies. The document covers MQL4 syntax including data types, variables, functions, operators and expressions. It provides examples of constants, arithmetic operations, logical operations and more. MQL4 programs can be used to create automated or algorithmic trading systems through expert advisors or analyze markets using custom indicators.
This document discusses different data types in C/C++ including character, integer, and real (float) data types. It explains that character data can be signed or unsigned and occupies 1 byte, integer data represents whole numbers using the int type, and float data represents decimal numbers. The document also covers numeric and non-numeric constants in C/C++ such as integer, octal, hexadecimal, floating point, character, and string constants.
This document discusses programming language foundations and provides information about mathematical functions, characters, and strings in Java. It includes a case study on computing triangle angles from user-entered coordinate points. It also covers the character and string data types in Java, encoding schemes like Unicode and ASCII, character testing and comparison methods, and basic string methods.
At the end of this lecture students should be able to;
Define Keywords / Reserve Words in C programming language.
Define Identifiers, Variable, Data Types, Constants and statements in C Programming language.
Justify the internal process with respect to the variable declaration and initialization.
Apply Variable Declaration and Variable initialization statement.
Assigning values to variables.
Apply taught concepts for writing programs.
Chapter 2 : Balagurusamy_ Programming ANsI in CBUBT
油
The document contains a review of constants, variables, data types, and other fundamental concepts in C programming. It includes true/false questions and fill-in-the-blank questions testing knowledge of these concepts. It also contains sample code with errors to identify and questions about variable declarations, data type qualifiers, and other basics.
QuickBooks Desktop to QuickBooks Online How to Make the MoveTechSoup
油
If you use QuickBooks Desktop and are stressing about moving to QuickBooks Online, in this webinar, get your questions answered and learn tips and tricks to make the process easier for you.
Key Questions:
* When is the best time to make the shift to QuickBooks Online?
* Will my current version of QuickBooks Desktop stop working?
* I have a really old version of QuickBooks. What should I do?
* I run my payroll in QuickBooks Desktop now. How is that affected?
*Does it bring over all my historical data? Are there things that don't come over?
* What are the main differences between QuickBooks Desktop and QuickBooks Online?
* And more
Finals of Rass MELAI : a Music, Entertainment, Literature, Arts and Internet Culture Quiz organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
Digital Tools with AI for e-Content Development.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
油
This ppt is useful for not only for B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A. (Education) or any other PG level students or Ph.D. scholars but also for the school, college and university teachers who are interested to prepare an e-content with AI for their students and others.
How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18Celine George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to attach file using upload button Odoo 18. Odoo features a dedicated model, 'ir.attachments,' designed for storing attachments submitted by end users. We can see the process of utilizing the 'ir.attachments' model to enable file uploads through web forms in this slide.
How to Configure Restaurants in Odoo 17 Point of SaleCeline George
油
Odoo, a versatile and integrated business management software, excels with its robust Point of Sale (POS) module. This guide delves into the intricacies of configuring restaurants in Odoo 17 POS, unlocking numerous possibilities for streamlined operations and enhanced customer experiences.
APM event hosted by the South Wales and West of England Network (SWWE Network)
Speaker: Aalok Sonawala
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome Aalok Sonawala, Head of PMO, National Programmes, Rider Levett Bucknall on 26 February, to BAWA for our first face to face event of 2025. Aalok is a member of APMs Thames Valley Regional Network and also speaks to members of APMs PMO Interest Network, which aims to facilitate collaboration and learning, offer unbiased advice and guidance.
Tonight, Aalok planned to discuss the importance of a PMO within project-based organisations, the different types of PMO and their key elements, PMO governance and centres of excellence.
PMOs within an organisation can be centralised, hub and spoke with a central PMO with satellite PMOs globally, or embedded within projects. The appropriate structure will be determined by the specific business needs of the organisation. The PMO sits above PM delivery and the supply chain delivery teams.
For further information about the event please click here.
Finals of Kaun TALHA : a Travel, Architecture, Lifestyle, Heritage and Activism quiz, organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
How to Configure Flexible Working Schedule in Odoo 18 EmployeeCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to configure flexible working schedule in Odoo 18 Employee module. In Odoo 18, the Employee module offers powerful tools to configure and manage flexible working schedules tailored to your organization's needs.
Computer Network Unit IV - Lecture Notes - Network LayerMurugan146644
油
Title:
Lecture Notes - Unit IV - The Network Layer
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Computer Network concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in Computer Network. PDF content is prepared from the text book Computer Network by Andrew S. Tenanbaum
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : The Network Layer
Sub-Topic : Network Layer Design Issues (Store and forward packet switching , service provided to the transport layer, implementation of connection less service, implementation of connection oriented service, Comparision of virtual circuit and datagram subnet), Routing algorithms (Shortest path routing, Flooding , Distance Vector routing algorithm, Link state routing algorithm , hierarchical routing algorithm, broadcast routing, multicast routing algorithm)
Other Link :
1.Introduction to computer network - /slideshow/lecture-notes-introduction-to-computer-network/274183454
2. Physical Layer - /slideshow/lecture-notes-unit-ii-the-physical-layer/274747125
3. Data Link Layer Part 1 : /slideshow/lecture-notes-unit-iii-the-datalink-layer/275288798
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in Computer Network principles for academic.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in Computer Network
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the authors understanding in the field of Computer Network
Reordering Rules in Odoo 17 Inventory - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
油
In Odoo 17, the Inventory module allows us to set up reordering rules to ensure that our stock levels are maintained, preventing stockouts. Let's explore how this feature works.
Database population in Odoo 18 - Odoo slidesCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss the database population in Odoo 18. In Odoo, performance analysis of the source code is more important. Database population is one of the methods used to analyze the performance of our code.
2. What to Discuss?
What is a Constant ?
Types of Constants in C
Integer Constants
Real Constants
Character Constants
String Constants
2 www.programming9.com
3. What is a Constant?
www.programming9.com3
Constant is a value that cannot change during the
execution of a program.
Like variables constants have data types.
5. Types of Constants in C
www.programming9.com5
Integer Constants
Real Constants
Character Constants
String Constants
6. Integer Constants
www.programming9.com6
C integer constant is a decimal, octal (Value starts with 0)
or hexadecimal number (Value starts with 0x).
Integer constants are always positive until you specify a
negative(-) sign.
Decimal
Constants
Octal Constants HexaDecimal
Constants
10 012 0xA
1024 02000 0x400
12789845 060624125 0xC32855
8. Real Constants
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The default form of real constant is double and it must
have a decimal point. You can represent the negative
numbers in real constants. It may be in fractional form or
exponential form.
Ex: 3.45, -2.58, 0.3E-5 (equal to 0.3 x 10-5
)
Representation Value Type
0 0.0 double
6.77 6.77 double
-6.0f -6.0 float
3.1415926536L 3.1415926536 long double
9. Character Constants
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Character Constants must be enclosed with in single
quotes. We use escape character along with the
character. The escape character says that it is not a
normal character and do something.
ASCII Character Symbol
Alert(bell) 'a'
Null character '0'
Backspace 'b'
Horizontal Tab 't'
New line 'n'
Vertical tab 'v'
Form Feed 'f'
Carriage Return 'r'
Single Quote '''
Double Quote '"'
Backslash ''
10. String Constants
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A string constant is a sequence of characters enclosed in
a double quotes.
Examples:
"" // Null String
"programming9" // a full string with 12 characters
"wel come" // string with 8 characters
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