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Contrast media 1

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Behzad Ommani
Behzad Ommani

The document discusses contrast media used in radiology, including positive and negative types. Positive contrast media like iodine and barium are radiopaque, having a higher atomic number that causes more x-ray attenuation. They appear white on images. Negative contrast media like air are radiolucent with lower atomic numbers, appearing black. The document provides examples of contrast media use and characteristics that make for an ideal agent, such as safety, excretion, and homogeneity. Pneumoencephalography is described as an older technique using air contrast for the brain.

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IN THE NAME Of GOD Amir al-Muminin, peace be upon him, said: There is no wealth like wisdom, no destitution like ignorance, no inheritance like refinement and no support like consultation. 悋惘悋(惺)惘惆惆: 悋慍惡惺惘悋惆悋愕惠惓惘悋悋惆惡 拆愆惠惡悋惠惘愆愕惠.
Contrast Media September, 2014 Prepared by: Behzad Ommani Bachelor of Radiology Master of Medical Engineering Instructor Radiology Group
Radiographic image produced by the aftermath obtained when x ray goes through the body part: penetration , absorption and hence What you got?? Basic radiographic opacities : BLACK / GRAY / GRAY / GRAY / WHITE Air Fat Water/ST Bone Metal/+Contrast
Radiographic Contrast 1.Subject contrast Patient (Range of differences in the intensity of the x-ray beam After it has been attenuated by the subject) 2. Film contrast Inherent in equipment The BLACKS & WHITES ON THE FILM / IMAGE
Subject Contrast Radiographic object - influenced by : 1. Atomic Number of object 2. Density of object 3. Thickness of object 4. 5 materials seen on a radiograph, Gas/air, fat, soft tissue (muscle/organs), bone and metals
Subject Contrast 1. Atomic number of object 2. Density of object 3. Thickness of object Higher atomic # = more attenuation Denser = more attenuation Thicker = more attenuation
Case example PATHOLOGY 1. Pleural Effusion 2. Excessive fluid in lung 3. More dense than air
What is good contrast ? 1. High contrast (black and white) 2. Low contrast (more shades of gray)
Case example
Artificial Contrast 1) Use contrast media 2) Changes subject contrast 3) Changes radiographic (film contrast)
Ideal Contrast media characteristic These materials should be produce High contrast Should be safe Easy, fast and completely void or excrete Homogeneous Stability Compound
Radiographic Contrast Media Type Radiographic contrast media are divided into positive and negative contrast agents. The positive contrast media attenuate X-rays more than do the body soft tissues and can be divided into water soluble iodine agents and non water soluble barium agents. Negative contrast media attenuate X-rays less than do the body soft tissues. No negative contrast media are commercially available.
Type Different Negative contrast 1. (AIR OR CO2) 2. Radiolucent 3. Low atomic # material 4. Black on film Positive contrast 1. (all others Such as iodine) 2. Radiopaque 3. High atomic # material 4. White on film
Case example
Contrast Media Type Positive Barium (inert, no hypertonic, no metabolized or absorbed) Liquid Paste Iodine: Tri iodinated derivatives of benzoic acid Ionic Non ionic Negative Air room Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide
Contrast Media Negative In the past, use to study of Renals, Cyst, Uterus. Ventriculography Pneumomyelography Pneumo arthrogaphy Abdomen & Pelvis pneumography Today, use as a additive agent = double contrast Digestive system (B.S, Barium Meal, )
Just free Study Pneumoencephalography (sometimes abbreviated PEG) is a medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid is drained from around the brain and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image. It is derived from ventriculography, an earlier and more primitive method where the air is injected through holes drilled in the skull. The procedure was introduced in 1919 by the American neurosurgeon Walter Dandy. Headaches and severe vomiting were common side effects Replacement of the drained spinal fluid is by slow natural production, and therefore required recovery for as long as 2-3 months before normal fluid volumes were restored Modern imaging techniques such as MRI and Computed tomography have rendered pneumoencephalography obsolete
Just free Study
Contrast Media positive Positive 1. Carbonaceous Compound Inorganic (Barium Sulfate, Sodium Iodide , Bismuth suintrate) Organic ( Urografin, Conray , Hexabrix, Amipaque) 2. Chemical solubility Solvable Unsolvable Water Oil

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Contrast media 1

  • 1. IN THE NAME Of GOD Amir al-Muminin, peace be upon him, said: There is no wealth like wisdom, no destitution like ignorance, no inheritance like refinement and no support like consultation. 悋惘悋(惺)惘惆惆: 悋慍惡惺惘悋惆悋愕惠惓惘悋悋惆惡 拆愆惠惡悋惠惘愆愕惠.
  • 2. Contrast Media September, 2014 Prepared by: Behzad Ommani Bachelor of Radiology Master of Medical Engineering Instructor Radiology Group
  • 3. Radiographic image produced by the aftermath obtained when x ray goes through the body part: penetration , absorption and hence What you got?? Basic radiographic opacities : BLACK / GRAY / GRAY / GRAY / WHITE Air Fat Water/ST Bone Metal/+Contrast
  • 4. Radiographic Contrast 1.Subject contrast Patient (Range of differences in the intensity of the x-ray beam After it has been attenuated by the subject) 2. Film contrast Inherent in equipment The BLACKS & WHITES ON THE FILM / IMAGE
  • 5. Subject Contrast Radiographic object - influenced by : 1. Atomic Number of object 2. Density of object 3. Thickness of object 4. 5 materials seen on a radiograph, Gas/air, fat, soft tissue (muscle/organs), bone and metals
  • 6. Subject Contrast 1. Atomic number of object 2. Density of object 3. Thickness of object Higher atomic # = more attenuation Denser = more attenuation Thicker = more attenuation
  • 7. Case example PATHOLOGY 1. Pleural Effusion 2. Excessive fluid in lung 3. More dense than air
  • 8. What is good contrast ? 1. High contrast (black and white) 2. Low contrast (more shades of gray)
  • 10. Artificial Contrast 1) Use contrast media 2) Changes subject contrast 3) Changes radiographic (film contrast)
  • 11. Ideal Contrast media characteristic These materials should be produce High contrast Should be safe Easy, fast and completely void or excrete Homogeneous Stability Compound
  • 12. Radiographic Contrast Media Type Radiographic contrast media are divided into positive and negative contrast agents. The positive contrast media attenuate X-rays more than do the body soft tissues and can be divided into water soluble iodine agents and non water soluble barium agents. Negative contrast media attenuate X-rays less than do the body soft tissues. No negative contrast media are commercially available.
  • 13. Type Different Negative contrast 1. (AIR OR CO2) 2. Radiolucent 3. Low atomic # material 4. Black on film Positive contrast 1. (all others Such as iodine) 2. Radiopaque 3. High atomic # material 4. White on film
  • 15. Contrast Media Type Positive Barium (inert, no hypertonic, no metabolized or absorbed) Liquid Paste Iodine: Tri iodinated derivatives of benzoic acid Ionic Non ionic Negative Air room Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide
  • 16. Contrast Media Negative In the past, use to study of Renals, Cyst, Uterus. Ventriculography Pneumomyelography Pneumo arthrogaphy Abdomen & Pelvis pneumography Today, use as a additive agent = double contrast Digestive system (B.S, Barium Meal, )
  • 17. Just free Study Pneumoencephalography (sometimes abbreviated PEG) is a medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid is drained from around the brain and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image. It is derived from ventriculography, an earlier and more primitive method where the air is injected through holes drilled in the skull. The procedure was introduced in 1919 by the American neurosurgeon Walter Dandy. Headaches and severe vomiting were common side effects Replacement of the drained spinal fluid is by slow natural production, and therefore required recovery for as long as 2-3 months before normal fluid volumes were restored Modern imaging techniques such as MRI and Computed tomography have rendered pneumoencephalography obsolete
  • 18. Just free Study
  • 19. Contrast Media positive Positive 1. Carbonaceous Compound Inorganic (Barium Sulfate, Sodium Iodide , Bismuth suintrate) Organic ( Urografin, Conray , Hexabrix, Amipaque) 2. Chemical solubility Solvable Unsolvable Water Oil