Czembor J H Barley Leaf Rust

Jan 5, 20160 likes262 views

This document summarizes research on achieving sustainable leaf rust control in durum wheat. It discusses the importance of leaf rust, major resistance genes that have been identified and overcome by evolving rust races, and efforts to develop slow rusting resistance through gene pyramiding. Key findings include identification of multiple major genes conferring resistance, the breakdown of these genes over time, efforts to combine minor genes to provide more durable slow rusting resistance, and the need to continue broadening genetic resistance.

Diseases of Wheatprasanna kumar

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The document discusses several major fungal diseases that affect wheat crops: 1. Rusts, caused by fungi of the genus Puccinia, including stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust. They produce spores that can spread rapidly under wet conditions. 2. Loose smut and kernel bunt, caused by fungi that infect wheat flowers and seeds, resulting in powdery black or dark masses where healthy kernels should be. 3. Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis, which produces white powdery growth on wheat leaves, stems, and flowers that later turns black and dries out plants. 4. Foot rot, caused by Pythium fungi in the soil

Wheat and lupin protein interaction at baking: modifying extractability from ...CIMMYT

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This document discusses how lupin and wheat proteins interact during baking in lupin-wheat bread and how they are extracted during digestion. It finds that most wheat proteins remain extractable after baking but some lose extractability when baked with lupin proteins. Lupin proteins fall into two categories based on extractability - alpha conglutins extract easily while beta, gamma, and delta conglutins do not extract, even under reducing conditions. The document hypothesizes this is due to varying degrees of cross-linking during baking. It provides insights into protein interactions and accessibility during bread production and digestion.

Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:...ICARDA

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The document summarizes ICARDA's spring bread wheat improvement program for Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA). The program aims to develop germplasm with resistance to multiple rust diseases like stem, leaf and yellow rust through targeted crossing and shuttle breeding between sites with different disease pressures. Key achievements include transferring and mapping genes for slow rusting, such as Sr2, Lr34 and Yr18. Challenges include genetic vulnerability when popular varieties have narrow genetic bases, which is addressed through diversifying germplasm.

S german 2011 bgri twBorlaug Global Rust Initiative

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This document summarizes the challenges of controlling wheat leaf rust in South America's Southern Cone region. Leaf rust remains the most widespread and economically important wheat disease in the region. Fungicides are widely used to control leaf rust and maintain yields of susceptible cultivars. However, the pathogen population is highly dynamic, limiting the duration of resistance in new cultivars. Breeding programs aim to develop cultivars with durable adult plant resistance, but introducing such genes into high-yielding backgrounds remains a challenge.

Leaf Rust Resistant Honduran CoffeeBuyOrganicCoffee

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Honduras has significantly increased its coffee production and exports, preparing to hit a record high in 2015-16 after overcoming coffee leaf rust effects through resistant strains and replanting efforts. Starbucks is investing $30 million to support farmers in combating coffee rust, aiding over 40,000 farmers through microfinance loans. While Honduras is recovering, neighboring Nicaragua continues to struggle with the disease affecting its lucrative coffee exports.

2014 bgri gichangiBorlaug Global Rust Initiative

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This document discusses factors influencing the adoption of improved wheat varieties by farmers in Kenya. It finds that more educated farmers and those with more wheat farming experience are more likely to adopt new varieties. However, adoption is low overall, especially among small-scale farmers. The major barriers to adoption include a lack of contractual agreements in the wheat market, limited availability and high costs of quality seeds, and insufficient information dissemination regarding new varieties. The document recommends improving awareness and access to seeds, enhancing collective action among farmer groups, and conducting additional surveys and workshops to promote variety adoption.

Training coursein kenyaAtef Shahin

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A training course on standardization of stem rust note-taking and evaluation of germplasm was held from October 12-18, 2015, in Njoro, Kenya, as part of the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project. The course aimed to educate participants from 12 countries on combating stem rust, particularly the UG99 race, by using new genetic and breeding techniques to develop resistant wheat varieties. Participants engaged in practical sessions and discussions on strategies to monitor and assess this critical threat to global wheat production.

Cultivar mixtures for the simultaneous management of tan spot and leaf rust o...madhusudhang48

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of wheat cultivar mixtures for managing tan spot and leaf rust. Two cultivars with differential disease resistance were mixed in various proportions and exposed to individual and combined pathogens. Mixtures significantly reduced disease severity for both pathogens compared to monocultures. Reductions in leaf rust were greater than for tan spot, likely due to differences in pathogen dispersal. Growing mixtures with targeted resistance genes shows potential to manage multiple diseases simultaneously.

IMPACTS OF WHEAT STRIPE RUST IN PAKISTAN: BREEDING AND CONTROL STRATEGIESICARDA

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- Wheat is a major crop in Pakistan, accounting for 40% of total cropped area and 13.1% of value addition to GDP. However, wheat production faces numerous disease threats. - Rust diseases such as stripe/yellow rust, leaf/brown rust, and stem/black rust cause substantial losses across Pakistan. New races of the pathogens have emerged over time, overcoming previously resistant wheat varieties. - Major epidemics of yellow rust occurred from 1985-2006 due to the widespread cultivation of susceptible varieties like Veery 5. New resistant varieties with multiple genes are being developed and released to control rust diseases.

CIMMYT breeding strategies and methodologies to breed high yielding, yellow r...ICARDA

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CIMMYT has developed high-yielding, rust-resistant bread wheat germplasm through strategies that focus on durable resistance. Breeding efforts utilize race-nonspecific adult plant resistance conferred by combinations of minor genes with additive effects. A recent 5-year cycle developed lines with 12% higher yields and improved resistance to yellow rust. Of 728 advanced lines tested, over 40% had high yields and immunity/resistance to yellow rust. Testing also found that over 40% of lines had good resistance to stem rust race Ug99. CIMMYT's strategy is to deploy varieties with near-immune, durable resistance to provide long-term genetic control of rust diseases.

Good Class4 Ornamental Diseasessherylwil

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The document provides information on common ornamental plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and other pathogens. It describes the symptoms, signs, life cycles and management strategies for various diseases that affect leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of ornamental plants. Key diseases discussed include powdery mildew, botrytis, rusts, fire blight, bacterial blight, crown gall, cankers, and vascular wilts. The document emphasizes integrated pest management approaches for disease control, such as sanitation, improving plant health and removing diseased plant material.

Wild Triticum and Aegilops Species: A Mine of Rust Resistance Genes for Futur...Borlaug Global Rust Initiative

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The document summarizes research on the genetic diversity of rust resistance genes found in wild wheat species Triticum and Aegilops. It discusses how these wild relatives represent a valuable gene pool for breeding rust resistant wheat varieties. Specifically, it finds that various accessions of species like Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. geniculata show resistance to important rusts like leaf rust and stripe rust at the seedling and adult plant stages, representing genes that could be transferred to cultivated wheat through breeding. The document also provides tables summarizing the large germplasm collection of wild wheat species maintained by the researchers which represents a valuable resource for rust resistance.

Advances in the research to achieve resistance to wheat rustsCIMMYT

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Advances in research to achieve resistance to wheat rusts were presented. The presentation discussed the background on resistance to wheat rusts, characterization of resistance including seedling and adult plant resistance, utilization of adult plant resistance, and mapping and QTL analysis of resistance genes. Key advances included the identification of adult plant resistance genes such as Lr34, Lr46, and Sr2, as well as efforts to clone resistance genes to better understand the genetic basis of resistance. International collaborations were also highlighted as important to breed durable rust resistance in wheat.

Effects and Interactions of Wheat Leaf Rust Adult Plant Resistance Genes in U...Borlaug Global Rust Initiative

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This document summarizes research on the effects of adult plant resistance genes in wheat on leaf rust severity in Uruguay. It found that the genes Lr68 and Lr34 individually reduced leaf rust severity by 30% and 13% respectively in one population, while combinations of these genes with Sr2 increased reduction to 47% and 57%. The relevance of combining multiple slow rusting genes to increase resistance was confirmed. Environmental conditions affected gene expression, so identifying appropriate gene combinations for target environments is important. Future work will analyze data from an additional year and location, as well as test other genes and populations.

Population divergence in the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina is cor...Borlaug Global Rust Initiative

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The document describes a study that analyzed genetic data from wheat leaf rust fungus (Puccinia triticina) isolates infecting different wheat genomes to better understand the evolutionary relationships between these host-specific types. The researchers analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 70 fungus samples infecting wheat and found two major clades of common wheat isolates that were distinct from durum wheat isolates. Analysis supported the hypothesis that the original fungus form infected Aegilops speltoides before evolving to infect common wheat and then durum wheat.

Impact of Wheat Stripe Rust in Iran: Breeding and Control StrategiesICARDA

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This document summarizes wheat stripe rust, a devastating wheat disease in Iran. It discusses the wheat breeding program in Iran, which operates in 4 climatic zones and 33 research stations to monitor rust races and screen germplasm for resistance. A new race virulent to the Yr27 resistance gene was identified in 2004, causing significant yield losses. In response, the breeding program has released over 10 new resistant varieties in the past 3 years, most with resistance to both yellow and stem rust. Continued monitoring, breeding, and seed multiplication efforts aim to control the disease and limit future crop losses.

GRM 2013: Breeding and selection strategies to combine and validate QTLs for ...CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme

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This document summarizes research on breeding wheat with improved water use efficiency (WUE) and heat tolerance in China. Researchers identified 70 quantitative trait loci (QTL) markers for drought and heat tolerance traits. They used these markers in marker-assisted recurrent selection of six breeding populations, developing 192 crosses. Elites lines from the Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCP) reference set were crossed over 200 times with Chinese cultivars. Two lines entered national trials and seven entered provincial trials. Next steps include validating additional QTLs, enhancing marker-assisted recurrent selection, delivering drought and heat tolerant lines, and exchanging information to build molecular breeding capacity.

Plant Diseasesguest807eec1

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Czembor J H Barley Leaf Rust

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