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Dance

Abirami Nadarajan
Abirami Nadarajan

This document provides an overview of different styles and types of modern dance. It discusses the origins of modern dance in the early 20th century as a new movement that emphasized personal expression in contrast to ballet. Some pioneers who developed unique styles are named, such as Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis, and Martha Graham. The document then summarizes several specific modern dance styles and types, including tango, castle walk, mambo, hip hop, jazz, contemporary dance, and cha cha cha.

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Assignment title: Types of modern dance Name : Abirami Nadarajan Course: WCC 115 Tarian Moden Matrix No: 113559 IC: 910124-10-5676
Content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Modern dance styles 3.0 Type of Modern dance 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 References
1.0 Introduction In the early twentieth century, a new movement in dance arose. This movement was guided by a few pioneering dancers who began to use dance as a form of personal expression. Their movement often stressed emotion and addressed contemporary subjects. This was in contrast to ballet, a dance form with aristocratic European roots, which frequently told stories of princesses, fairies and enchanted forests. These early pioneers of modern dance each developed their own personal movement vocabulary. There has never been a single specific style of modern dance. Though it often uses the body alignment and movement of ballet, modern dance has developed beyond the vocabulary of ballet. The most prominent of the first generation of modern dance creators were Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis. In the 1920s, several dancers who studied with St. Denis, (Martha Graham, Doris Humphries and Charles Weidman) broke away and developed their own philosophies of modern dance. Many of these early pioneers were women. Modern dance provided women the opportunity to become directors and choreographers. In the ballet world, these roles had been and continue to be dominated by men. Martha Graham, the most recognized of these women, has had an enormous impact on the field of modern dance. Her notion of contraction and release (a torso based movement of a sharp intake of breath followed by a strong exhalation), her groundbreaking dances based on mythology, and her theatrical personality have made her the best known modern dancer of all time. Each new generation of modern dance has inspired another. Often the inspiration comes in the form of rebellion against what came before. In the 1950s, Merce Cunningham, a member of Martha Grahams company, formed his own dance company based on the idea of movement for movements sake and the use of chance methods of choreography. Paul Taylor, who danced for both Cunningham and Graham, further shaped modern dance by choreographing dances about real people and the everyday activities of life. The next rebellion came in the 1960s, when dancers such as Trisha Brown rejected the codified and strict technique they felt modern dance had become. experimental and minimal dance, sometimes called post-modern, developed during this time, as did contact improvisation. These dance makers were also influenced by the societal changes that were taking place in the United States during the 1960s. However, not all choreographers were interested in rejecting the past. One in particular, Twyla Tharp, embraced all that had come before. By combining ballet with modern dance and adding in her own movement ideas, she developed a style that was enthusiastically embraced by audiences. Just as modern dance gave way to post-modern, ethnic dance gave way to concert dance based on ethnic roots. The work of Pearl Primus and Katherine Dunhaminfluenced that of Alvin Ailey and Donald McKayle, among others. These choreographers created dances informed by
the African-American experience, but not exclusively about it. Ailey was also influenced by Lester Horton, who formed the first American multiracial dance company in 1934. Horton worked in Los Angeles, where his work was not as well-known as that of New York based choreographers. Another choreographer who combines modern technique with other dance forms is Mark Morris. The folk dance, flamenco and ballet he studied as a youth infuse his work with a unique flavor. Popular for its humor and musicality, his work harkens back to the early modern pioneers; it includes form, technique and storytelling. Today, it is possible to see and study nearly all the forms of modern dance that have developed over the years. As new styles develop, the old remain. The future also looks rich, as new choreographers continue to search for their unique voices and make contributions to the field of modern dance. http://actsoflight.tumblr.com/post/24963955716 http://theatre-dance.cahss.ualr.edu/waynesweb/Modance/Modance.htm Image 1: Modern dance of 21st century Image 2: Martha Graham
2.0 Modern Dance Styles Narrative This style expresses a message or tells a story through movement. It shows the relationships between the performers characters. Chance A method of choreographic development based on random selection of movement. The dancers learn many combinations of movements but do not know what order they will be performing them in until right before the performance. Contact improvisation Usually done as a duet or in a large group, the movement is improvised as each dancer follows the others movements and reacts to them. Dancers move in and out of physical contact while rolling, spiraling, supporting and falling. Improvisation A process producing spontaneous movements stemming from a specific stimulus, such as sounds or colors, and how they relate to certain feelings or the environment. Improvisation is often a part of the choreographic process. Post-modern A form of modern dance which evolved in the 1960s and 70s, and departed from narrative theme. Post-modern experimented with new concepts and forms and is sometimes referred to as experimental or minimalist dance.
3.0 Types of Modern Dances There are different kinds of modern dance. Modern dance is a type of dancing that permits freedom of expression and emotion in the dancing. It does not use specific costumes or stage presentations as ballet does. It does not use precise, choreographed steps. Instead, the dancer is allowed to connect with the audience through inner interpretation that is expressed in the dance steps. 3.1 Tango One of the most fascinating of all dances, the tango is a sensual ballroom dance that originated in South America in the early twentieth century. Tango is usually performed by a man and a woman, expressing an element of romance in their synchronized movements. Originally, the tango was performed only by women, but once it spread into Argentina, it developed into a dance for couples. The popularity of the tango has greatly increased over the years. Argentine Tango is much more intimate than Modern Tango, and is well-suited to dancing in small settings. Argentine Tango retains the intimacy of the original dance. 3.2 Castle Walk Castle Walk is a dance originated and made famous by Vernon and Irene Castle. The Castle Walk became popular through its introduction into the Tango. This is a walking step of direct advance and retreat, not used to move to the side. The couples are in closed position, the woman, therefore, stepping backward as the man steps forward, and vice versa. The advancing foot is planted in fourth position, the knee straight, and the toe down so that the ball of the foot strikes the floor first. The walk presents an appearance of strutting, although the shoulders are held level, and the body firm; a sharp twist that punctuates each step is affected by means of pivoting on the supporting foot. The shoulder and hip movements that originally characterized the "trot" are no longer practiced. 3.3 Mambo Originally from Cuba, the Mambo is enjoyed throughout the world at both the social and competitive dance levels. The mambo is a favorite of ballroom audiences because of its high energy level and infectious rhythms. Popularized in recent years by singers such as Ricky Martin, the Mambo is fascinating and diverse.The feel of the Mambo is based mostly on forward and backward movements. The basic components of the dance include rock steps and side steps, with occasional points, kicks and flicks of the feet. Important to Mambo is the distinctive hip movement, hence the meaning of the word mambo: "shake it."
3.4 Hip Hop Hip hop is a dance style, usually danced to hip hop music, that evolved from the hip hop culture. The first dance associated with hip hop was break dancing. While break dancing consist primarily of moves executed close to the ground, the majority of hip hop moves are done standing up. Hip hop dance steps require skill and experience to perfect. Hip hop dancers practice a lot in order to master basic steps and movements that appear simple when performed. Dancers with a good sense of rhythm find it easier to learn hip hop steps. 3.5 Jazz Jazz has become one of the most popular dance styles in recent years, mainly due to its popularity on television shows, movies, music videos and commercials. People enjoy watching jazz dancers, as the dancing is fun and energetic. Jazz dancing is a form of dance that showcases a dancer's individual style and originality. Every jazz dancer interprets and executes moves and steps in their own way. This type of dancing is energetic and fun, consisting of unique moves, fancy footwork, big leaps and quick turns. To excel in jazz, dancers need a strong background in ballet, as it encourages grace and balance. 3.6 Contemporary dance Contemporary dance is a style of expressive dance that combines elements of several dance genres including modern, jazz, lyrical and classical ballet. Contemporary dancers strive to connect the mind and the body through fluid dance movements.Contemporary dance stresses versatility and improvisation, unlike the strict, structured nature of ballet. Contemporary dancers focus on floorwork, using gravity to pull them down to the floor. This dance genre is often done in bare feet. Contemporary dance can be performed to many different styles of music. 3.7 Cha Cha Cha Cha Cha is derived from two other dances, it is a derivative of the Mambo and Swing . It is such an "on the beat" dance that you can't help inject your own feelings into it. It has also been suggested that the name Cha Cha is derived from the vocal imitation of the sound of the feet in the chasse, which included in many of the steps. This would account for it being called the "Cha Cha Cha" by some people whereas others call it the "Cha Cha". It is danced "Cha Cha" with the accent on the "1" beat. The tempo is fast, sassy and staccato.Like most Latin dances, it is done with the feet remaining close to the floor (toe steps). The dancers hips are relaxed to allow free movement in the pelvic area as a result of the bending and straightening of the knees. The upper body shifts over the supporting foot as the steps are taken (foot moves, body follows). This hip action is called Latin or Cuban motion.
3.8 Bollywood dance Bollywood dancing has been heavily influenced by Western dance styles, and incorporates elements from the West. In modern Bollywood films, the musical numbers are often based on the Hip-Hop style of dance as well as other variations of Hip-Hop dance. Currently Bollywood Dance is still influenced by Western culture; perhaps even more so today than when it began. Elements include the use of frequent costume and location changes during dances, as well as the use of larger dance troupes. And the movements have become more bold & extroverted to capture the audiences attention. The Evolution of Bollywood Dance is a process that is entirely Indian and yet cross-cultural at the same time. The dances and their images as follows: Tango http://www.paratyonline.com/jornal/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/tango_margarida_paraty.jpg Cha Cha Cha http://www.reggie.net/photos/dancing/suda-2008-bristol/10006031-adam-lucy-cha-cha-chasuda-2008-600.jpg Hip Hop http://www.danstudyo.com/eng/images/hip-hop.png Contemporary Dance http://media.nola.com/tpphotos/photo/2011/10/10167076-standard.jpg
Mambo http://talentonline.co.nz/images/mambo-dancers.jpg Bollywood Dance http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/nritya/nritya_media/bollywood_dance2.jpg Castle Walk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Vernon_and_Irene Mambo https://sites.google.com/site/ugadancehistory/modern-jazz/jazzgirls.jpg?attredirects=0 4.0 Conclusion Modern dance centers on a dancer's own interpretations instead of structured steps, as in traditional ballet dancing. A modern dancer rejects the classical ballet stance of an upright, erect body, often opting instead for deliberate falls to the floor. There are a lot of examples of modern dance besides the given examples and these dances are widely practiced and embraced by vast amount peoples around the world.
5.0 References 1. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/p/Tango.htm 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Walk 3. http://cmonletsdance.wordpress.com/2012/12/16/popular-types-of-modern-dance/ 4. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/p/Hip_Hop.htm 5. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/f/What-Is-Contemporary-Dance.htm 6. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/p/Jazz.htm 7. http://www.walternelson.com/dr/sites/default/files/Modern-Dance.pdf 8. http://www.dancelovers.com/cha_cha_history.html 9. http://www.rhythm-india.com/bollywood-dance.html

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  • 1. Assignment title: Types of modern dance Name : Abirami Nadarajan Course: WCC 115 Tarian Moden Matrix No: 113559 IC: 910124-10-5676
  • 2. Content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Modern dance styles 3.0 Type of Modern dance 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 References
  • 3. 1.0 Introduction In the early twentieth century, a new movement in dance arose. This movement was guided by a few pioneering dancers who began to use dance as a form of personal expression. Their movement often stressed emotion and addressed contemporary subjects. This was in contrast to ballet, a dance form with aristocratic European roots, which frequently told stories of princesses, fairies and enchanted forests. These early pioneers of modern dance each developed their own personal movement vocabulary. There has never been a single specific style of modern dance. Though it often uses the body alignment and movement of ballet, modern dance has developed beyond the vocabulary of ballet. The most prominent of the first generation of modern dance creators were Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis. In the 1920s, several dancers who studied with St. Denis, (Martha Graham, Doris Humphries and Charles Weidman) broke away and developed their own philosophies of modern dance. Many of these early pioneers were women. Modern dance provided women the opportunity to become directors and choreographers. In the ballet world, these roles had been and continue to be dominated by men. Martha Graham, the most recognized of these women, has had an enormous impact on the field of modern dance. Her notion of contraction and release (a torso based movement of a sharp intake of breath followed by a strong exhalation), her groundbreaking dances based on mythology, and her theatrical personality have made her the best known modern dancer of all time. Each new generation of modern dance has inspired another. Often the inspiration comes in the form of rebellion against what came before. In the 1950s, Merce Cunningham, a member of Martha Grahams company, formed his own dance company based on the idea of movement for movements sake and the use of chance methods of choreography. Paul Taylor, who danced for both Cunningham and Graham, further shaped modern dance by choreographing dances about real people and the everyday activities of life. The next rebellion came in the 1960s, when dancers such as Trisha Brown rejected the codified and strict technique they felt modern dance had become. experimental and minimal dance, sometimes called post-modern, developed during this time, as did contact improvisation. These dance makers were also influenced by the societal changes that were taking place in the United States during the 1960s. However, not all choreographers were interested in rejecting the past. One in particular, Twyla Tharp, embraced all that had come before. By combining ballet with modern dance and adding in her own movement ideas, she developed a style that was enthusiastically embraced by audiences. Just as modern dance gave way to post-modern, ethnic dance gave way to concert dance based on ethnic roots. The work of Pearl Primus and Katherine Dunhaminfluenced that of Alvin Ailey and Donald McKayle, among others. These choreographers created dances informed by
  • 4. the African-American experience, but not exclusively about it. Ailey was also influenced by Lester Horton, who formed the first American multiracial dance company in 1934. Horton worked in Los Angeles, where his work was not as well-known as that of New York based choreographers. Another choreographer who combines modern technique with other dance forms is Mark Morris. The folk dance, flamenco and ballet he studied as a youth infuse his work with a unique flavor. Popular for its humor and musicality, his work harkens back to the early modern pioneers; it includes form, technique and storytelling. Today, it is possible to see and study nearly all the forms of modern dance that have developed over the years. As new styles develop, the old remain. The future also looks rich, as new choreographers continue to search for their unique voices and make contributions to the field of modern dance. http://actsoflight.tumblr.com/post/24963955716 http://theatre-dance.cahss.ualr.edu/waynesweb/Modance/Modance.htm Image 1: Modern dance of 21st century Image 2: Martha Graham
  • 5. 2.0 Modern Dance Styles Narrative This style expresses a message or tells a story through movement. It shows the relationships between the performers characters. Chance A method of choreographic development based on random selection of movement. The dancers learn many combinations of movements but do not know what order they will be performing them in until right before the performance. Contact improvisation Usually done as a duet or in a large group, the movement is improvised as each dancer follows the others movements and reacts to them. Dancers move in and out of physical contact while rolling, spiraling, supporting and falling. Improvisation A process producing spontaneous movements stemming from a specific stimulus, such as sounds or colors, and how they relate to certain feelings or the environment. Improvisation is often a part of the choreographic process. Post-modern A form of modern dance which evolved in the 1960s and 70s, and departed from narrative theme. Post-modern experimented with new concepts and forms and is sometimes referred to as experimental or minimalist dance.
  • 6. 3.0 Types of Modern Dances There are different kinds of modern dance. Modern dance is a type of dancing that permits freedom of expression and emotion in the dancing. It does not use specific costumes or stage presentations as ballet does. It does not use precise, choreographed steps. Instead, the dancer is allowed to connect with the audience through inner interpretation that is expressed in the dance steps. 3.1 Tango One of the most fascinating of all dances, the tango is a sensual ballroom dance that originated in South America in the early twentieth century. Tango is usually performed by a man and a woman, expressing an element of romance in their synchronized movements. Originally, the tango was performed only by women, but once it spread into Argentina, it developed into a dance for couples. The popularity of the tango has greatly increased over the years. Argentine Tango is much more intimate than Modern Tango, and is well-suited to dancing in small settings. Argentine Tango retains the intimacy of the original dance. 3.2 Castle Walk Castle Walk is a dance originated and made famous by Vernon and Irene Castle. The Castle Walk became popular through its introduction into the Tango. This is a walking step of direct advance and retreat, not used to move to the side. The couples are in closed position, the woman, therefore, stepping backward as the man steps forward, and vice versa. The advancing foot is planted in fourth position, the knee straight, and the toe down so that the ball of the foot strikes the floor first. The walk presents an appearance of strutting, although the shoulders are held level, and the body firm; a sharp twist that punctuates each step is affected by means of pivoting on the supporting foot. The shoulder and hip movements that originally characterized the "trot" are no longer practiced. 3.3 Mambo Originally from Cuba, the Mambo is enjoyed throughout the world at both the social and competitive dance levels. The mambo is a favorite of ballroom audiences because of its high energy level and infectious rhythms. Popularized in recent years by singers such as Ricky Martin, the Mambo is fascinating and diverse.The feel of the Mambo is based mostly on forward and backward movements. The basic components of the dance include rock steps and side steps, with occasional points, kicks and flicks of the feet. Important to Mambo is the distinctive hip movement, hence the meaning of the word mambo: "shake it."
  • 7. 3.4 Hip Hop Hip hop is a dance style, usually danced to hip hop music, that evolved from the hip hop culture. The first dance associated with hip hop was break dancing. While break dancing consist primarily of moves executed close to the ground, the majority of hip hop moves are done standing up. Hip hop dance steps require skill and experience to perfect. Hip hop dancers practice a lot in order to master basic steps and movements that appear simple when performed. Dancers with a good sense of rhythm find it easier to learn hip hop steps. 3.5 Jazz Jazz has become one of the most popular dance styles in recent years, mainly due to its popularity on television shows, movies, music videos and commercials. People enjoy watching jazz dancers, as the dancing is fun and energetic. Jazz dancing is a form of dance that showcases a dancer's individual style and originality. Every jazz dancer interprets and executes moves and steps in their own way. This type of dancing is energetic and fun, consisting of unique moves, fancy footwork, big leaps and quick turns. To excel in jazz, dancers need a strong background in ballet, as it encourages grace and balance. 3.6 Contemporary dance Contemporary dance is a style of expressive dance that combines elements of several dance genres including modern, jazz, lyrical and classical ballet. Contemporary dancers strive to connect the mind and the body through fluid dance movements.Contemporary dance stresses versatility and improvisation, unlike the strict, structured nature of ballet. Contemporary dancers focus on floorwork, using gravity to pull them down to the floor. This dance genre is often done in bare feet. Contemporary dance can be performed to many different styles of music. 3.7 Cha Cha Cha Cha Cha is derived from two other dances, it is a derivative of the Mambo and Swing . It is such an "on the beat" dance that you can't help inject your own feelings into it. It has also been suggested that the name Cha Cha is derived from the vocal imitation of the sound of the feet in the chasse, which included in many of the steps. This would account for it being called the "Cha Cha Cha" by some people whereas others call it the "Cha Cha". It is danced "Cha Cha" with the accent on the "1" beat. The tempo is fast, sassy and staccato.Like most Latin dances, it is done with the feet remaining close to the floor (toe steps). The dancers hips are relaxed to allow free movement in the pelvic area as a result of the bending and straightening of the knees. The upper body shifts over the supporting foot as the steps are taken (foot moves, body follows). This hip action is called Latin or Cuban motion.
  • 8. 3.8 Bollywood dance Bollywood dancing has been heavily influenced by Western dance styles, and incorporates elements from the West. In modern Bollywood films, the musical numbers are often based on the Hip-Hop style of dance as well as other variations of Hip-Hop dance. Currently Bollywood Dance is still influenced by Western culture; perhaps even more so today than when it began. Elements include the use of frequent costume and location changes during dances, as well as the use of larger dance troupes. And the movements have become more bold & extroverted to capture the audiences attention. The Evolution of Bollywood Dance is a process that is entirely Indian and yet cross-cultural at the same time. The dances and their images as follows: Tango http://www.paratyonline.com/jornal/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/tango_margarida_paraty.jpg Cha Cha Cha http://www.reggie.net/photos/dancing/suda-2008-bristol/10006031-adam-lucy-cha-cha-chasuda-2008-600.jpg Hip Hop http://www.danstudyo.com/eng/images/hip-hop.png Contemporary Dance http://media.nola.com/tpphotos/photo/2011/10/10167076-standard.jpg
  • 9. Mambo http://talentonline.co.nz/images/mambo-dancers.jpg Bollywood Dance http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/nritya/nritya_media/bollywood_dance2.jpg Castle Walk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Vernon_and_Irene Mambo https://sites.google.com/site/ugadancehistory/modern-jazz/jazzgirls.jpg?attredirects=0 4.0 Conclusion Modern dance centers on a dancer's own interpretations instead of structured steps, as in traditional ballet dancing. A modern dancer rejects the classical ballet stance of an upright, erect body, often opting instead for deliberate falls to the floor. There are a lot of examples of modern dance besides the given examples and these dances are widely practiced and embraced by vast amount peoples around the world.
  • 10. 5.0 References 1. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/p/Tango.htm 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Walk 3. http://cmonletsdance.wordpress.com/2012/12/16/popular-types-of-modern-dance/ 4. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/p/Hip_Hop.htm 5. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/f/What-Is-Contemporary-Dance.htm 6. http://dance.about.com/od/typesofdance/p/Jazz.htm 7. http://www.walternelson.com/dr/sites/default/files/Modern-Dance.pdf 8. http://www.dancelovers.com/cha_cha_history.html 9. http://www.rhythm-india.com/bollywood-dance.html