Delphine Bard HSE

Sep 21, 20150 likes304 views

Kate Jones

Working safely with Nanomaterials in R&D laboratories: an update.

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- The study examined the uptake and elimination of permethrin in 30 male volunteers who wore permethrin-treated clothing for forestry workers for 8 hours on three separate occasions under different conditions. - Biomonitoring of urine samples found that permethrin exposure peaked 8-16 hours after use and could be detected for up to 144 hours, with an average elimination half-life of 30 hours. Over 50% of subjects exceeded environmental reference values after one-time use. - Internal exposure increased with hot/humid conditions and physical activity, likely due to higher dermal absorption from increased skin perfusion and sweat. Accumulation may occur with daily use.

Craig Poland IOMKate Jones

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Sarah Mallagh HSEKate Jones

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Wendy Jones Loughborough UniversityKate Jones

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Pieter van Broekhuizen IVAMKate Jones

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Kevin English NanocoKate Jones

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John Saunders HSEKate Jones

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John Mackenzie Thomas SwanKate Jones

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James Wheeler HSEKate Jones

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Gareth Evans HSEKate Jones

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Claire Wienburg University of BristolKate Jones

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This document summarizes research on the disposal and impacts of chlorinated solvents in a local community. It finds that up to 6.8 ppb of chlorinated benzene was found in 26 homes near known disposal sites for chlorinated solvents. Testing of residents found elevated levels of urinary markers indicating early kidney dysfunction in over half of participants, though follow up testing showed improvement. While exposure to chlorinated benzene can cause kidney damage, other pollution sources may have also contributed to local renal disease rates. The document reviews the toxicology of chlorinated benzene and differences in risk assessments between regulatory agencies.

KalinKate Jones

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This document discusses the use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC TOFMS) for environmental forensics analysis. It introduces GCxGC TOFMS, describing how it provides improved separation of compounds compared to traditional GC. Applications discussed include analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bird tissues to determine geographic origin, and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal tar samples to identify the type of distillation process and determine the source. Statistical methods are applied to GCxGC TOFMS data from coal tar samples to accurately classify unknown samples. The document concludes the technique is effective for environmental forensics

PatonKate Jones

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This document discusses fractionating hydrocarbons for hazard and risk assessment through chemical and biological analysis. It describes extracting oil from contaminated soils and peat for analysis, and using extraction, fractionation, and indicator compounds to assess risks to human health and the environment from weathered petroleum hydrocarbons. Biological assays on the extracts include tests with microbes, plants, earthworms, and models to predict human and environmental exposure and toxicity.

StuartKate Jones

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This document summarizes emerging organic groundwater contaminants and their transformation products. It defines emerging contaminants as anthropogenic organic compounds and their transformation products that are increasingly detected due to changes in chemical use, advances in analysis, and improved monitoring. Many emerging contaminants come from sources like wastewater discharge, manure/sludge application, and septic tanks. Common emerging contaminant groups discussed include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial compounds, and hormones. The document examines the pathways these contaminants take to groundwater and the processes controlling their subsurface migration. It also provides examples of specific contaminants frequently detected in UK groundwater and discusses their degradation.

WeberKate Jones

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The document summarizes the development of the Environmental Fate Simulator (EFS), a tool being created by the US Environmental Protection Agency to predict the degradation pathways of organic chemicals in groundwater. The EFS will integrate process science, cheminformatics applications, and modeling software to provide physicochemical properties and simulate reaction pathways of chemicals in various environmental media and conditions. It is being developed to help evaluate thousands of chemicals where limited data currently exists. The EFS will automate the simulation of chemical fate through various environmental scenarios to support exposure and risk assessments.

BoxallKate Jones

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Pharmaceuticals are released into the environment through sewage sludge applied to agricultural soils. Studies have detected various pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge samples at concentrations that could potentially affect soil organisms. Laboratory studies show some pharmaceuticals can accumulate in earthworm tissues. Modeling indicates factors like a drug's properties, soil characteristics, and organism type influence bioaccumulation. While risks to human health are generally low, certain levels of pharmaceutical exposure may subtly affect non-target species like invertebrates through mechanisms related to a drug's mode of action. Further research is still needed to fully understand pharmaceutical impacts on terrestrial environments.

11.3 SmoldersKate Jones

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This document summarizes a human biomonitoring study that collected all urine samples from 8 participants over a continuous 6-day period. Biomarkers for metals and organic compounds were measured to understand intra- and inter-individual variability in biomarker concentrations and determine optimal urine sampling strategies. Biomarker levels varied within and between individuals depending on compound half-life and exposure frequency from personal care products. High intra-individual variability was observed for biomarkers with short half-lives like methyl paraben, while cadmium showed low variability. The study provides insights into interpreting biomarker measurements from single spot samples versus multiple samples over time.

7.3 SmoldersKate Jones

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The document discusses a study that measured biomarkers in mothers and children across 17 European countries. The study aimed to perform human biomonitoring in a harmonized way to obtain reliable and comparable data. The document examines whether differences in environmental concentrations and lifestyle factors can explain differences in biomarker levels among countries. It finds that cadmium levels correlated with air emissions and food quality, mercury levels correlated with fish consumption, and cotinine levels in non-smokers correlated with strength of anti-smoking laws. However, limitations included a lack of representative national data and differences in data quality among countries. Continued efforts are needed to improve interpretation through more harmonized datasets.

A.2 GaleaKate Jones

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This document summarizes a study methodology that aims to determine pesticide exposure levels in residents living near agricultural land through the analysis of urine samples. The study recruited farmers and residents across 3 regions in the UK. Urine samples were collected from residents on a weekly basis, as well as 1-2 days after pesticide spray events to compare metabolite levels within and outside the spraying season. The study also aims to compare measured urinary levels to exposure estimates from regulatory risk assessments. Over 3,000 urine samples were collected in total. Statistical analysis of the results will help evaluate current risk assessment methods and estimate long-term pesticide exposure levels for residents.

1.4 LengKate Jones

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1. A sensitive analytical method was developed to detect MDA-Val-Hyd, a specific biomarker for exposure to MDI, in human blood. 2. Application of the method to workers exposed to MDI found the biomarker present in their blood, demonstrating its ability to measure MDI exposure levels. 3. Background levels of MDA-Val-Hyd were found to be below detection limits in unexposed individuals and those with only low inhalation exposure to MDI.

6.4 LengKate Jones

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This document summarizes research on determining exposure to the plasticizer bis(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (DPHP) in the general population. Researchers developed analytical methods to measure DPHP metabolite levels in human urine using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. A human elimination study found the main metabolites were excreted within 48 hours, with 24% of the dose detected. Further studies detected DPHP metabolites in some general population urine samples at low levels, showing evidence of widespread exposure.

9.3 CockerKate Jones

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This document discusses biological monitoring (BM) guidance values and their uses and requirements. It provides the following key points: 1) BM is a tool for assessing exposure that is used by occupational health providers, hygienists, employers, researchers and regulators to evaluate compliance, exposure controls, and identify potential health issues. 2) Guidance values are set by various organizations using different methods, and the same substance may have different values. Exceeding a value indicates exposure controls should be examined and exposure reduced. 3) Requirements for BM include ethics, appropriate sample matrices, analytes related to toxicity, and validated analytical methods. Guidance values also require data linking BM levels to exposure, health effects, and

B.1 LaitinenKate Jones

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This study analyzed fire fighters' multiple exposures to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFCs) and 2-butoxyethanol found in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). The study aimed to analyze PFC profiles in used foam, assess firefighter exposure, and evaluate eight AFFFs. Serum samples before and after training sessions found increased excretion of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS in firefighters. Urinary samples also showed exposure to 2-butoxyethanol exceeding limits for the general population. The study concluded that firefighter exposure to PFCs was higher than the general population and increased during training. PFHxS showed the highest increase, making it

1.2 MrazKate Jones

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This document discusses protein adducts as biomarkers of exposure to alkylating agents. It begins by introducing protein adducts and globin adducts specifically as surrogate biomarkers for DNA adducts. The document then details a research plan to test the hypothesis that globin adducts undergo degradation, producing free amino acid adducts that are excreted in urine and could serve as non-invasive biomarkers of exposure. Initial results are presented demonstrating the successful synthesis of model amino acid adducts and detection of some administered adducts and their metabolites in rat urine. Further research is planned to study the fate of native globin adducts in vivo.

11.1 KochKate Jones

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This document summarizes a study that aimed to validate biomarkers in urine for assessing exposure to N-ethyl-2pyrrolidone (NEP). The study identified and characterized two metabolites of NEP - 5-HNEP and 2-HESI - that are analogous to known metabolites of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Three men were given a single oral dose of NEP and their urine was collected over 4 days to analyze metabolite levels. The study determined elimination kinetics, metabolic conversion factors, and concluded that the metabolites can be used in human biomonitoring studies to assess occupational and environmental exposure to NEP. However, 5-HNEP alone may underestimate exposure compared to

11.2 FustinoniKate Jones

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This study compared the use of hair and urine samples to biomonitor exposure to the herbicide terbutylazine (TBA) in agricultural workers and rural residents. The researchers found that (1) desethylterbutylazine (DET) in urine samples collected after exposure and before the next shift is a biomarker for short-term TBA exposure, (2) TBA can be detected in human hair and levels increase with repeated exposure, and (3) hair TBA detected exposure in rural residents not seen in urine, suggesting hair may be a better indicator of long-term low-level exposure. The study demonstrates the potential for hair and urine samples to biomonitor both short and long-term pesticide

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