Dicot and monocot leaf anatomy
Download as PPTX, PDF18 likes29,164 views
This document compares the leaf anatomy of dicots and monocots. Dicot leaves have a dorsiventral orientation with stomata on the upper epidermis. Their mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, and their vascular bundles are surrounded by bundle sheath cells made of collenchyma. Monocot leaves have an isobilateral orientation with stomata on both epidermis. Their mesophyll is not differentiated and contains bulliform cells that control leaf curling. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchyma bundle sheath cells.
1 of 16
Downloaded 362 times
Recommended
Bryophytes
BryophytesHimanshi Chauhan
油
This document summarizes the key characteristics of bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. It describes their structures, life cycles, habitats, and classification. Bryophytes are small non-vascular plants that grow in moist shady places and require water to complete their life cycles. They differ from vascular plants in lacking true roots, vascular tissue and a cuticle. Their life cycles involve an alternation between haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations.Anatomy of dicot and monocot stem
Anatomy of dicot and monocot stemanuragpandey304
油
The document summarizes the anatomy and structure of dicot and monocot stems. It describes the key characteristics of stems including nodes, internodes, buds, and differences from roots. It then details the internal structures of dicot and monocot stems seen under a microscope, including tissues like epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles, pith, and differences between the two. Secondary growth in stems is also summarized, involving vascular cambium forming secondary xylem and phloem, and cork cambium forming a protective periderm layer.cycas.pptx
cycas.pptxnoreenzahra4
油
This document provides information about the plant Cycas, including its systematic position as a gymnosperm in the division Cycadophyta. It describes key aspects of the Cycas plant body such as its short, tuberous stem covered in tough leaf bases that bears a crown of large fern-like leaves. The document outlines the structure and development of Cycas female cones and ovules, which have an erect structure with a micropyle opening and integument layer that becomes stony during seed formation. References on gymnosperms and the genus Cycas are also provided.Funaria
FunariaAnkita Thakur
油
Funaria is a genus of approximately 210 moss species, with 18 found in India. Funaria hygrometrica, or "cord moss", is the most common. It grows in dense patches in moist, shady areas during rainy seasons. The gametophyte stage is dominant and produces an erect, branched structure up to 3 cm tall with flat, spirally arranged leaves. It reproduces via spores and alternates between gametophyte and sporophyte generations. Internally, the stem has an epidermis, cortex and central cylinder providing structure and transport, while the leaves are one cell thick except for the midrib.Root stem transition 
Root stem transition HETAKUMARI PILUDARIA
油
The document discusses the root-stem transition zone in plants. It begins by explaining that the root has a radial vascular structure while the stem has a conjoint structure, so there must be a region where these structures merge. This region is called the root-stem transition zone. The document then describes four types of root-stem transitions (Fumaria, Cucurbita, Lathyrus, and Anemarrhena) which differ in how the xylem and phloem structures divide and rearrange as they transition from root to stem. Finally, it notes that the transition zone represents a different internal arrangement than the root or stem and reflects different evolutionary stages in the development of the vascular system.Marchantia ppt
Marchantia pptsumitachoudhary
油
This document summarizes the plant Marchantia. It belongs to the division Bryophyta, class Hepaticopsida, order Marchantiales, and family Marchantiaceae. The genus Marchantia has about 65 species found worldwide, including 11 species in India. It reproduces sexually through antheridia and archegonia borne on special stalked branches, and asexually through gemmae. Fertilization leads to a sporophyte generation that produces spores which develop into a new gametophyte, completing the life cycle of alternation of generations. Key structures include the dorsal gemma cups and ventral rhizoids, and the dorsiventral thallus bears the reproductive organs inAnthoceros
AnthocerosSyedaFari2
油
1. Anthoceros is a genus of hornworts that includes about 200 species found worldwide in shady, moist tropical and temperate areas.
2. The plant body is a gametophyte that consists of a small, dark green, lobed thallus containing chloroplasts and rhizoids.
3. Reproduction can occur vegetatively through tubers, gemmae, and persistent apices, or sexually through antheridia that produce sperm and archegonia containing eggs leading to fertilization and formation of a sporophyte.Marchantia
MarchantiaAkumpaul
油
This document discusses the morphology, anatomy, and reproduction of Marchantia, a genus of liverwort. It belongs to the division Bryophyta, class Hepaticopsida. Marchantia has a dorsiventral gametophyte generation that reproduces sexually or asexually. Sexual reproduction involves antheridiophores bearing antheridia that produce sperm, and archegoniophores bearing archegonia containing eggs. Fertilization forms a sporophyte generation consisting of a foot, seta, and capsule containing spores. The spores germinate to form a new gametophyte generation.MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.pptaigil2
油
This document describes the systematic position and characteristic features of the genus Marsilea. It is a heterosporous aquatic fern that belongs to the order Marsileales. It produces sporocarps that contain microsporangia and megasporangia. There are about 65 species distributed worldwide in tropical regions like Africa and Australia. The document outlines the external morphology, anatomy, reproduction and life cycle of Marsilea. It alternates between a diploid sporophytic generation and haploid gametophytic generation through the production of microspores and megaspores.Anatomy of Dicot and monocot Root.pptx
Anatomy of Dicot and monocot Root.pptxDilip Gavande
油
1. The document describes the anatomy of roots in dicotyledonous and monocot plants.
2. It details the tissues found in roots of various plants including Cicer, Tinospora, and Ficus. These tissues include the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles, pith and periderm.
3. Secondary growth occurs in some dicot roots through the formation of cambium rings between vascular bundles. Cambium activity results in the production of secondary xylem and phloem, forming a continuous cylinder around the primary tissues over time.Megasporogenesis
MegasporogenesisANJALY JOHNSON K
油
Megasporogenesis is the formation of megaspores in the megasporangium. This involves the development of the megaspore mother cell from the archesporial cell, which then undergoes meiosis to form four megaspores. One megaspore survives to form the embryo sac, which contains eight nuclei that develop into either a seven-celled structure in monosporic development types or other structures depending on the type of development. Ovules vary in structure depending on factors like the number of integuments and position of the micropyle.Anatomy of leaves
Anatomy of leavesGunmalaGugalia
油
The document describes the internal structures of dicot and monocot leaves. Dicot leaves have a dorsiventral structure with two epidermal layers, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue, and collateral vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath cells. Monocot leaves are isobilateral with similar epidermal layers and intercellular mesophyll but lack distinct palisade and spongy tissues; they contain multiple conjoint vascular bundles surrounded by a double-layered bundle sheath. Both leaf types share epidermal layers, mesophyll, vascular bundles and differences in their internal organization.Gnetum: A Powerpoint Presentation on Gymnospems
Gnetum: A Powerpoint Presentation on Gymnospemsshivduraigaran
油
The Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants (spermatophytes) that includes conifers (Pinophyta), cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek composite word 粒亮僚竜亮凌 (粒亮僚 gymnos, "naked" and 劉亮留 sperma, "seed"), meaning "naked seeds". The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds stands in contrast to the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as in Yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.
The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The gymnosperms are divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are now extinct.
By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species). Roots in some genera have fungal association with roots in the form of micorrhiza(Pinus), while in some others(Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.
Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae and order Gnetales. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in the xylem. Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect-pollinated as their fossils occur in association with extinct pollinating scorpion flies. Molecular phylogenies based on nuclear and plastid sequences from most of the species indicate hybridization among some of the Southeast Asian species. Fossil-calibrated molecular-clocks suggest that the Gnetum lineages now found in Africa, South America and Southeast Asia are the result of ancient long-distance dispersal across seawaterInflorescence
InflorescenceMarwa A.A. Fayed
油
The document defines and describes different types of inflorescences, which is the arrangement of flowers on a plant. There are three main types: racemose, with indefinite growth and youngest flowers at the center; cymose, with definite growth and oldest flowers at the center; and mixed, which has characteristics of both racemose and cymose types. Specific inflorescences like racemes, corymbs, umbels and others are further explained in terms of their floral structure and growth patterns.Anatomy of Dicot monocot root
Anatomy of Dicot monocot rootsarfraz008
油
This document summarizes the anatomy of roots. It describes the different layers from outer to inner, including the epidermis, cortex, and stele. The epidermis is the outermost layer, with thin parenchyma cells in a compact arrangement. The cortex beneath is loosely arranged with spaces. The innermost cortex contains barrel-shaped parenchyma cells. The stele in the center contains xylem and phloem arranged in a radial pattern around the pith.General Characters of Gymnosperms.pptx
General Characters of Gymnosperms.pptxAliya Fathima Ilyas
油
Gymnosperms (Gymnos = naked, Sperma = seed) include the small group of plants with naked seeds.
The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Paleozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
Deveopment of embryo in monocot and dicot
Deveopment of embryo in monocot and dicotAmohamedmansuraliMan
油
The document summarizes the development of different embryo types in plants, including dicot and monocot embryos. It describes the key stages of proembryo formation from the zygote through cell divisions that establish the suspensor and hypophysis and organize tissue layers. Specific embryo types discussed include Onagrad, Solanad, Caryophyllad, Chenopodiad, and Piperad. The development of the filament tube structure is also outlined.Equisetum
EquisetumVasantaKahalkar
油
This document summarizes the external and internal morphology of Equisetum (horsetail). It describes that Equisetum has underground stems called rhizomes that produce both sterile and fertile aerial branches. The sterile branches are green and photosynthetic while the fertile branches are short-lived and bear spores. The stems have scale-like leaves arranged in whorls and fibrous roots occur at rhizome nodes. Internally, the stem has ridges and grooves with photosynthetic tissue under ridges and air canals under grooves. Vascular bundles alternate with the canals and a pith cavity is in the center.Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in Funaria
Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in FunariaSankritaShankarGaonk
油
This document summarizes the morphological, anatomical, and reproductive characteristics of the moss species Funaria. It describes the gametophyte structure including rhizoids, stem, and leaves. Anatomically, it details the layers of the stem and leaf structures. Sexual reproduction involves antheridia and archegonia that develop on separate plants. Fertilization results in a sporophyte structure including foot, seta, and capsule. The capsule contains spores that are dispersed upon dehiscence involving several stages including drying, tearing of spore sacs, and movement of peristome teeth.Structure, Development & Function of Periderm
Structure, Development & Function of PeridermFatima Ramay
油
A油group油of油secondary油tissues油forming油a油protective油layer油which油replaces the油epidermis油of油many油plant油stems,油roots,油and油other油parts.
Although油periderm油may油develop油in油leaves油and油fruits,油its油main油function is to油protects stems油and油roots.油
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork) 油
Its油main油function油is油to油protect油the油underlying油tissues油from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat油injury
Mechanical油destruction油
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
Psilotum
PsilotumSyedaFari2
油
The document describes the plant Psilotum, which is classified as a vascular plant in the division Psilophyta. It has an underground rhizome that produces aerial branches bearing sporangia in clusters of three called synangia. The plant reproduces asexually through spores produced in the synangia and sexually through an underground gametophyte that produces eggs and sperm. The rhizome and stem have anatomical features including epidermis, cortex, endodermis and a central stele of xylem and phloem. Psilotum is considered to have characteristics transitional between non-vascular bryophytes and modern vascular plants.Bryophytes
BryophytesNafeesa Naeem
油
Bryophytes are the oldest land plants and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They lack true vascular tissues and have non-lignified structures like rhizoids instead of roots. Bryophytes reproduce both sexually through the formation of gametes and asexually by forming spores. They exhibit alternation of generations where the haploid gametophyte generation is dominant. Bryophytes are ecologically important in forming peat, providing food and shelter, and indicating soil pH and acid rain levels. They also have economic uses as fuel, horticultural additives, preservatives, construction materials, and traditional medicines.Marsilea structure and reproduction
Marsilea structure and reproductionMuhammad ArSlan
油
1. Marsilea is an aquatic or semi-aquatic plant commonly found in freshwater ponds and ditches in temperate regions like Pakistan and Punjab.
2. The vegetative plant is a sporophyte with a rhizome, adventitious roots, and compound leaves with four leaflets arranged in a cross-like pattern.
3. It is heterosporous, producing megaspores and microspores within sporocarps that contain sori with alternating rows of megasporangia and microsporangia. Megaspores develop into female gametophytes and microspores into male gametophytes. Gnetum
GnetumDr. Vimal Priya subramanian
油
GNETUM is gymnopspermic plant it have vasular bundle like angiosperm this plant is the evidance of evolution Volvox ppt
Volvox pptsumitachoudhary
油
Volvox is a genus of green algae that forms spherical colonies called coenobia. Each coenobium contains many cells embedded in a gelatinous sheath. The cells are biflagellate and work together to propel the coenobium through water. Volvox reproduces both asexually through the formation of daughter coenobia inside parent coenobia, and sexually through the development of male antheridia and female oogonia. During sexual reproduction, antherozoids fertilize eggs within oogonia to form zygotes, which overwinter on the bottom of water bodies before germinating into new coenobia. General Characters of Rhodophyceae & Life Cycle of Polysiphonia SMG
General Characters of Rhodophyceae & Life Cycle of Polysiphonia SMGsajigeorge64
油
1. Polysiphonia is a genus of red algae that has a complex life cycle involving alternating haploid and diploid generations.
2. It reproduces both sexually, with separate male and female gametophytes, and asexually through carpospores and tetraspores.
3. Sexually, fertilization of an egg by a non-motile sperm produces a diploid zygote, which develops into a carposporophyte producing carpospores or a tetrasporophyte producing tetraspores.Spirogyra ppt.pptx
Spirogyra ppt.pptxSeemaGaikwad15
油
1. Spirogyra is a genus of freshwater green algae that forms unbranched filaments composed of cylindrical cells.
2. It reproduces vegetatively through fragmentation and sexually through conjugation, a type of isogamous reproduction.
3. During conjugation, gametangia from opposite or adjacent filaments fuse to form zygospores, which are dormant diploid cells that germinate into new filaments when conditions become favorable.Marsilea.pptx
Marsilea.pptxjntuhcej
油
Marsilea is a genus of aquatic ferns that grow in mud or wet soil. The sporophyte has horizontal underground stems called rhizomes from which emerge roots and leaves. Leaves are arranged in pairs and each leaf has four leaflets. Sporocarps containing sporangia develop on the rhizomes. The sporocarps contain either microsporangia or megasporangia. After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo within the megaspore.ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTSAnju Bhaskaran
油
This document discusses plant anatomy and the internal structures of flowering plants. It describes the two main types of plant tissues as meristematic and permanent tissues. Meristematic tissues are zones of active cell division, while permanent tissues are specialized and lose the ability to divide. Permanent tissues include simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, as well as complex tissues like xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals throughout the plant, while phloem transports food materials. The document also discusses tissue systems like the epidermal, ground, and vascular systems and provides examples of anatomical structures in dicotyledonous stems, monocotyledonous stems,Leaves
LeavesManojDas87
油
This document summarizes the differences between dorsiventral and isobilateral leaves. Dorsiventral leaves occur in dicots and have their stomata only on the lower surface, while isobilateral leaves in monocots have stomata on both surfaces. Additionally, dorsiventral leaves have differentiated palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue and bundle sheaths made of parenchyma or collenchyma, whereas isobilateral leaves lack differentiated mesophyll and have sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. Internally, dorsiventral leaves as seen in Mangifera indica have distinct upper and lower epidermis and mesophyll divided into palisade and spongyMore Related Content
What's hot (20)
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.pptaigil2
油
This document describes the systematic position and characteristic features of the genus Marsilea. It is a heterosporous aquatic fern that belongs to the order Marsileales. It produces sporocarps that contain microsporangia and megasporangia. There are about 65 species distributed worldwide in tropical regions like Africa and Australia. The document outlines the external morphology, anatomy, reproduction and life cycle of Marsilea. It alternates between a diploid sporophytic generation and haploid gametophytic generation through the production of microspores and megaspores.Anatomy of Dicot and monocot Root.pptx
Anatomy of Dicot and monocot Root.pptxDilip Gavande
油
1. The document describes the anatomy of roots in dicotyledonous and monocot plants.
2. It details the tissues found in roots of various plants including Cicer, Tinospora, and Ficus. These tissues include the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles, pith and periderm.
3. Secondary growth occurs in some dicot roots through the formation of cambium rings between vascular bundles. Cambium activity results in the production of secondary xylem and phloem, forming a continuous cylinder around the primary tissues over time.Megasporogenesis
MegasporogenesisANJALY JOHNSON K
油
Megasporogenesis is the formation of megaspores in the megasporangium. This involves the development of the megaspore mother cell from the archesporial cell, which then undergoes meiosis to form four megaspores. One megaspore survives to form the embryo sac, which contains eight nuclei that develop into either a seven-celled structure in monosporic development types or other structures depending on the type of development. Ovules vary in structure depending on factors like the number of integuments and position of the micropyle.Anatomy of leaves
Anatomy of leavesGunmalaGugalia
油
The document describes the internal structures of dicot and monocot leaves. Dicot leaves have a dorsiventral structure with two epidermal layers, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue, and collateral vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath cells. Monocot leaves are isobilateral with similar epidermal layers and intercellular mesophyll but lack distinct palisade and spongy tissues; they contain multiple conjoint vascular bundles surrounded by a double-layered bundle sheath. Both leaf types share epidermal layers, mesophyll, vascular bundles and differences in their internal organization.Gnetum: A Powerpoint Presentation on Gymnospems
Gnetum: A Powerpoint Presentation on Gymnospemsshivduraigaran
油
The Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants (spermatophytes) that includes conifers (Pinophyta), cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek composite word 粒亮僚竜亮凌 (粒亮僚 gymnos, "naked" and 劉亮留 sperma, "seed"), meaning "naked seeds". The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds stands in contrast to the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as in Yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.
The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The gymnosperms are divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are now extinct.
By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species). Roots in some genera have fungal association with roots in the form of micorrhiza(Pinus), while in some others(Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.
Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae and order Gnetales. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in the xylem. Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect-pollinated as their fossils occur in association with extinct pollinating scorpion flies. Molecular phylogenies based on nuclear and plastid sequences from most of the species indicate hybridization among some of the Southeast Asian species. Fossil-calibrated molecular-clocks suggest that the Gnetum lineages now found in Africa, South America and Southeast Asia are the result of ancient long-distance dispersal across seawaterInflorescence
InflorescenceMarwa A.A. Fayed
油
The document defines and describes different types of inflorescences, which is the arrangement of flowers on a plant. There are three main types: racemose, with indefinite growth and youngest flowers at the center; cymose, with definite growth and oldest flowers at the center; and mixed, which has characteristics of both racemose and cymose types. Specific inflorescences like racemes, corymbs, umbels and others are further explained in terms of their floral structure and growth patterns.Anatomy of Dicot monocot root
Anatomy of Dicot monocot rootsarfraz008
油
This document summarizes the anatomy of roots. It describes the different layers from outer to inner, including the epidermis, cortex, and stele. The epidermis is the outermost layer, with thin parenchyma cells in a compact arrangement. The cortex beneath is loosely arranged with spaces. The innermost cortex contains barrel-shaped parenchyma cells. The stele in the center contains xylem and phloem arranged in a radial pattern around the pith.General Characters of Gymnosperms.pptx
General Characters of Gymnosperms.pptxAliya Fathima Ilyas
油
Gymnosperms (Gymnos = naked, Sperma = seed) include the small group of plants with naked seeds.
The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Paleozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
Deveopment of embryo in monocot and dicot
Deveopment of embryo in monocot and dicotAmohamedmansuraliMan
油
The document summarizes the development of different embryo types in plants, including dicot and monocot embryos. It describes the key stages of proembryo formation from the zygote through cell divisions that establish the suspensor and hypophysis and organize tissue layers. Specific embryo types discussed include Onagrad, Solanad, Caryophyllad, Chenopodiad, and Piperad. The development of the filament tube structure is also outlined.Equisetum
EquisetumVasantaKahalkar
油
This document summarizes the external and internal morphology of Equisetum (horsetail). It describes that Equisetum has underground stems called rhizomes that produce both sterile and fertile aerial branches. The sterile branches are green and photosynthetic while the fertile branches are short-lived and bear spores. The stems have scale-like leaves arranged in whorls and fibrous roots occur at rhizome nodes. Internally, the stem has ridges and grooves with photosynthetic tissue under ridges and air canals under grooves. Vascular bundles alternate with the canals and a pith cavity is in the center.Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in Funaria
Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in FunariaSankritaShankarGaonk
油
This document summarizes the morphological, anatomical, and reproductive characteristics of the moss species Funaria. It describes the gametophyte structure including rhizoids, stem, and leaves. Anatomically, it details the layers of the stem and leaf structures. Sexual reproduction involves antheridia and archegonia that develop on separate plants. Fertilization results in a sporophyte structure including foot, seta, and capsule. The capsule contains spores that are dispersed upon dehiscence involving several stages including drying, tearing of spore sacs, and movement of peristome teeth.Structure, Development & Function of Periderm
Structure, Development & Function of PeridermFatima Ramay
油
A油group油of油secondary油tissues油forming油a油protective油layer油which油replaces the油epidermis油of油many油plant油stems,油roots,油and油other油parts.
Although油periderm油may油develop油in油leaves油and油fruits,油its油main油function is to油protects stems油and油roots.油
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork) 油
Its油main油function油is油to油protect油the油underlying油tissues油from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat油injury
Mechanical油destruction油
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
Psilotum
PsilotumSyedaFari2
油
The document describes the plant Psilotum, which is classified as a vascular plant in the division Psilophyta. It has an underground rhizome that produces aerial branches bearing sporangia in clusters of three called synangia. The plant reproduces asexually through spores produced in the synangia and sexually through an underground gametophyte that produces eggs and sperm. The rhizome and stem have anatomical features including epidermis, cortex, endodermis and a central stele of xylem and phloem. Psilotum is considered to have characteristics transitional between non-vascular bryophytes and modern vascular plants.Bryophytes
BryophytesNafeesa Naeem
油
Bryophytes are the oldest land plants and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They lack true vascular tissues and have non-lignified structures like rhizoids instead of roots. Bryophytes reproduce both sexually through the formation of gametes and asexually by forming spores. They exhibit alternation of generations where the haploid gametophyte generation is dominant. Bryophytes are ecologically important in forming peat, providing food and shelter, and indicating soil pH and acid rain levels. They also have economic uses as fuel, horticultural additives, preservatives, construction materials, and traditional medicines.Marsilea structure and reproduction
Marsilea structure and reproductionMuhammad ArSlan
油
1. Marsilea is an aquatic or semi-aquatic plant commonly found in freshwater ponds and ditches in temperate regions like Pakistan and Punjab.
2. The vegetative plant is a sporophyte with a rhizome, adventitious roots, and compound leaves with four leaflets arranged in a cross-like pattern.
3. It is heterosporous, producing megaspores and microspores within sporocarps that contain sori with alternating rows of megasporangia and microsporangia. Megaspores develop into female gametophytes and microspores into male gametophytes. Gnetum
GnetumDr. Vimal Priya subramanian
油
GNETUM is gymnopspermic plant it have vasular bundle like angiosperm this plant is the evidance of evolution Volvox ppt
Volvox pptsumitachoudhary
油
Volvox is a genus of green algae that forms spherical colonies called coenobia. Each coenobium contains many cells embedded in a gelatinous sheath. The cells are biflagellate and work together to propel the coenobium through water. Volvox reproduces both asexually through the formation of daughter coenobia inside parent coenobia, and sexually through the development of male antheridia and female oogonia. During sexual reproduction, antherozoids fertilize eggs within oogonia to form zygotes, which overwinter on the bottom of water bodies before germinating into new coenobia. General Characters of Rhodophyceae & Life Cycle of Polysiphonia SMG
General Characters of Rhodophyceae & Life Cycle of Polysiphonia SMGsajigeorge64
油
1. Polysiphonia is a genus of red algae that has a complex life cycle involving alternating haploid and diploid generations.
2. It reproduces both sexually, with separate male and female gametophytes, and asexually through carpospores and tetraspores.
3. Sexually, fertilization of an egg by a non-motile sperm produces a diploid zygote, which develops into a carposporophyte producing carpospores or a tetrasporophyte producing tetraspores.Spirogyra ppt.pptx
Spirogyra ppt.pptxSeemaGaikwad15
油
1. Spirogyra is a genus of freshwater green algae that forms unbranched filaments composed of cylindrical cells.
2. It reproduces vegetatively through fragmentation and sexually through conjugation, a type of isogamous reproduction.
3. During conjugation, gametangia from opposite or adjacent filaments fuse to form zygospores, which are dormant diploid cells that germinate into new filaments when conditions become favorable.Marsilea.pptx
Marsilea.pptxjntuhcej
油
Marsilea is a genus of aquatic ferns that grow in mud or wet soil. The sporophyte has horizontal underground stems called rhizomes from which emerge roots and leaves. Leaves are arranged in pairs and each leaf has four leaflets. Sporocarps containing sporangia develop on the rhizomes. The sporocarps contain either microsporangia or megasporangia. After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo within the megaspore.Similar to Dicot and monocot leaf anatomy (20)
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTSAnju Bhaskaran
油
This document discusses plant anatomy and the internal structures of flowering plants. It describes the two main types of plant tissues as meristematic and permanent tissues. Meristematic tissues are zones of active cell division, while permanent tissues are specialized and lose the ability to divide. Permanent tissues include simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, as well as complex tissues like xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals throughout the plant, while phloem transports food materials. The document also discusses tissue systems like the epidermal, ground, and vascular systems and provides examples of anatomical structures in dicotyledonous stems, monocotyledonous stems,Leaves
LeavesManojDas87
油
This document summarizes the differences between dorsiventral and isobilateral leaves. Dorsiventral leaves occur in dicots and have their stomata only on the lower surface, while isobilateral leaves in monocots have stomata on both surfaces. Additionally, dorsiventral leaves have differentiated palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue and bundle sheaths made of parenchyma or collenchyma, whereas isobilateral leaves lack differentiated mesophyll and have sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. Internally, dorsiventral leaves as seen in Mangifera indica have distinct upper and lower epidermis and mesophyll divided into palisade and spongyazolla. TYPE STUDY ,GENERAL MORPHOLOGY ANOTOMY REPRODUCTION
azolla. TYPE STUDY ,GENERAL MORPHOLOGY ANOTOMY REPRODUCTIONsaicharan686918
油
Azolla is a small floating fern that lives in freshwater. It has a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae. Azolla reproduces both asexually through fragmentation and sexually through heterosporous sporocarps containing microspores or megaspores. It has several economic uses including being used as a green manure in rice paddies due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.Dicot stem
Dicot stemSruthi Raj
油
The document summarizes the structure of a dicot stem. It has three main parts - the epidermis, cortex, and stele. The epidermis is a single layer of cells coated with a waxy cuticle. The cortex is made of parenchyma cells and can include collenchyma. The stele contains the vascular bundles in a ring, which include xylem and phloem. Between the bundles are medullary rays and a pith center. Cambium allows for the stem to secondarily thicken over time.
Leaves2.ppt
Leaves2.pptAbwoneKenneth
油
Leaves are responsible for photosynthesis and making food for plants. They have a layered structure including epidermis, mesophyll, and veins. The epidermis protects the leaf and regulates gas exchange through stomata. The mesophyll, divided into palisade and spongy layers, is where photosynthesis occurs. Veins transport water and nutrients throughout the leaf. Leaves come in different shapes, sizes, arrangements on the stem, and venation patterns, and these characteristics are used to identify plant species.All leaf
All leafMarwa A.A. Fayed
油
This document provides information on the leaf structure and morphology of plants. It defines a leaf and describes leaf characteristics such as shape, size, texture, venation, and margin. It discusses leaf types including simple, compound, and modified leaves. The internal structure of leaves is examined including the epidermis, mesophyll, vascular tissue, and trichomes. Stomata types and distribution are covered. Specific leaf details are given for Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata, medicinal plants used for their cardiac glycoside content.dicot characteristics for the botany in science
dicot characteristics for the botany in science44LEETSaurovsharma
油
1. A dicot leaf has an upper and lower epidermis separated by mesophyll tissue. The mesophyll contains palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma.
2. Vascular bundles containing xylem and phloem are located in the midrib and veins. Xylem transports water and minerals upward while phloem transports food downward.
3. Stomata for gas exchange are more numerous on the lower epidermis. They are surrounded by guard cells that regulate pore size.
morphology and reproduction of Thuja.pptx
morphology and reproduction of Thuja.pptxkarthiksaran8
油
morphology anatomy and reproduction of Thuja.pptxPlant structure
Plant structureNam nguyen
油
Plants have three basic organs - roots, stems, and leaves. Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals, stems provide structure and transport nutrients between roots and leaves, and leaves are the main photosynthetic organ. These organs are composed of tissues including dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. Primary growth lengthens roots and shoots through cell division at apical meristems. Secondary growth in woody plants adds girth through lateral meristems.Anatomy of leaf and stem of cycas
Anatomy of leaf and stem of cycasHarshadaShewale5
油
This document summarizes the anatomy of the stem and leaf of the cycas plant. It describes that the leaf is differentiated into an upper and lower epidermis, hypodermis, mesophyll, and vascular tissue. The mesophyll contains palisade and spongy parenchyma. The stem anatomy resembles dicots, with a cortex, ring of vascular bundles, large pith, and concentric mesarch leaf traces. Each cycas leaf receives four supplies from two vascular bundles via concentric, endarch to mesarch leaf traces.
6. anatomy of flowering plants
6. anatomy of flowering plantsNavodaya Vidyalaya Samiti
油
The document summarizes the three main tissue systems in flowering plants:
1. The epidermal tissue system forms the outer covering of the plant and includes the epidermis, stomata, and epidermal appendages.
2. The ground tissue system lies below the epidermis and includes regions like the hypodermis, cortex, endodermis, and pith that are involved in storage.
3. The vascular tissue system comprises the conducting tissues xylem and phloem which occur in vascular bundles and transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.Selaginella.pptx
Selaginella.pptxAaryanDuhan1
油
- Selaginella, commonly known as club moss or spike moss, is a genus of vascular plants that reproduces both sexually and asexually.
- It has worldwide distribution, especially in tropical regions, where it grows on the ground or in shady places.
- The plant body is a sporophyte that produces both microspores and megaspores, which develop into male and female gametophytes upon germination. The gametophytes produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote, completing the life cycle.Introduction to anatomy practical and terms in anatomy
Introduction to anatomy practical and terms in anatomydiajao
油
A concise practical guide for physiotherapy students Unit1 part 1 (1).pptx dicot anatomy in which it will show the anatomical stru...
Unit1 part 1 (1).pptx dicot anatomy in which it will show the anatomical stru...prekshanalwaya
油
1. The document describes the structure and function of different parts of the root, stem, and leaf in plants.
2. The root has key layers including the piliferous layer, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and vascular bundles. The stem contains an epidermis, cortex with hypodermis, ground tissue, and vascular bundles.
3. Leaves have an upper and lower epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue, and vascular bundles. These structures allow the plant to absorb water and nutrients, provide support, transport materials, and perform photosynthesis.Leafs
LeafsAditiDubey37
油
Monocot leaves have parallel venation and are isobilateral, with stomata and similar epidermal layers on both surfaces. They lack differentiation of mesophyll tissues and have vascular bundles arranged in a parallel series surrounded by bundle sheath extensions. In contrast, dicot leaves have reticulate venation and are dorsiventral, with stomata only on the lower epidermis. They have differentiated palisade and spongy mesophyll tissues and larger vascular bundles, sometimes with extensive bundle sheaths.
More from Rajinapp (6)
Biochip
BiochipRajinapp
油
Biochips are miniaturized labs that can perform many biochemical reactions simultaneously. They allow researchers to quickly screen large numbers of samples to detect diseases or bioterrorism agents. Biochips contain microarrays on a chip that can analyze molecules to identify gene sequences, pollutants, or other biochemical constituents. While initially developed in 1983, biochip technology has expanded and various types of biochips are now used for applications like individual identification, health monitoring, and replacing documents like passports.X ray diffraction
X ray diffractionRajinapp
油
X-rays are generated when high-energy electrons bombard a metal target, ejecting inner shell electrons from atoms. When outer electrons fill these vacancies, photons are emitted. X-ray diffraction occurs when beams reflected from crystal planes interfere constructively at specific angles determined by Bragg's law. This allows determination of crystal structures, including unit cell parameters, atomic positions, and bond lengths and angles from diffraction pattern intensities and spacings. X-ray crystallography is thus a powerful tool for elucidating molecular structures.A healthy heart 
A healthy heart Rajinapp
油
The document provides recommendations for a healthy diet and lifestyle to prevent heart disease. It advises eating mostly vegetables and fruits, and some grains, legumes, fish, eggs, poultry, dairy, and oils. It suggests cutting back on junk food, sugary drinks, salt, and saturated or trans fats. Heart disease risks include atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, cardiac arrest and stroke. These can be controlled by eating healthy, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, checking cholesterol levels, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking.Blood cells
Blood cellsRajinapp
油
This document summarizes the three main types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells constitute 40-45% of blood, are disc-shaped and red in color due to hemoglobin, lack a nucleus, and function to transport respiratory gases. White blood cells constitute 1% of blood, are colorless and nucleated, and function in immunity. Platelets are colorless, lack a nucleus, and function in blood clotting. The document compares characteristics of red and white blood cells and provides details on composition, shape, development, lifespan and function of each blood cell type.
Anatomy of dicot and monocot stem
Anatomy of dicot and monocot stemRajinapp
油
The document summarizes the anatomy of dicot and monocot stems. In dicot stems, there are three main parts - the epidermis, cortex, and vascular bundle arranged in a ring. The epidermis is covered with cuticle, trichomes, and stomata. Below the epidermis are three cortical layers - hypodermis, cortical layer, and endodermis. The vascular bundle has an endarch protoxylem and sclerenchymatous bundle cap. In monocot stems, the epidermis has cuticle and hypodermis is sclerenchymatous. The vascular bundles are scattered and surrounded by bundle sheaths, with smaller bundles peripherally andRecently uploaded (20)
RRB ALP CBT 2 Mechanic Motor Vehicle Question Paper (MMV Exam MCQ)
RRB ALP CBT 2 Mechanic Motor Vehicle Question Paper (MMV Exam MCQ)SONU HEETSON
油
RRB ALP CBT 2 Mechanic Motor Vehicle Question Paper. MMV MCQ PDF Free Download for Railway Assistant Loco Pilot Exam.Meeting the needs of modern students?, Selina McCoy
Meeting the needs of modern students?, Selina McCoyEconomic and Social Research Institute
油
NAPD Annual Symposium
Equity in our Schools: Does the system deliver for all young people?How to Configure Deliver Content by Email in Odoo 18 Sales
How to Configure Deliver Content by Email in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.AI and Academic Writing, Short Term Course in Academic Writing and Publicatio...
AI and Academic Writing, Short Term Course in Academic Writing and Publicatio...Prof. (Dr.) Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
油
AI and Academic Writing, Short Term Course in Academic Writing and Publication, UGC-MMTTC, MANUU, 25/02/2025, Prof. (Dr.) Vinod Kumar Kanvaria, University of Delhi, vinodpr111@gmail.comAzure Administrator Interview Questions By ScholarHat
Azure Administrator Interview Questions By ScholarHatScholarhat
油
Azure Administrator Interview Questions By ScholarHatASP.NET Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHat
ASP.NET Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHatScholarhat
油
ASP.NET Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHatHow to create security group category in Odoo 17
How to create security group category in Odoo 17Celine George
油
This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.Unit 1 Computer Hardware for Educational Computing.pptx
Unit 1 Computer Hardware for Educational Computing.pptxRomaSmart1
油
Computers have revolutionized various sectors, including education, by enhancing learning experiences and making information more accessible. This presentation, "Computer Hardware for Educational Computing," introduces the fundamental aspects of computers, including their definition, characteristics, classification, and significance in the educational domain. Understanding these concepts helps educators and students leverage technology for more effective learning.Chapter 2. Strategic Management: Corporate Governance.pdf
Chapter 2. Strategic Management: Corporate Governance.pdfRommel Regala
油
This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of strategic management principles, frameworks, and applications in business. It explores strategic planning, environmental analysis, corporate governance, business ethics, and sustainability. The course integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance global and ethical perspectives in decision-making.Oral exam Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit?
Oral exam Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit?MIPLM
油
Presentation of the CEIPI DU IPBA oral exam of Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit? ASP.NET Web API Interview Questions By Scholarhat
ASP.NET Web API Interview Questions By ScholarhatScholarhat
油
ASP.NET Web API Interview Questions By ScholarhatOne Click RFQ Cancellation in Odoo 18 - Odoo 際際滷s
One Click RFQ Cancellation in Odoo 18 - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss the one click RFQ Cancellation in odoo 18. One-Click RFQ Cancellation in Odoo 18 is a feature that allows users to quickly and easily cancel Request for Quotations (RFQs) with a single click.Mastering Soft Tissue Therapy & Sports Taping
Mastering Soft Tissue Therapy & Sports TapingKusal Goonewardena
油
Mastering Soft Tissue Therapy & Sports Taping: Pathway to Sports Medicine Excellence
This presentation was delivered in Colombo, Sri Lanka, at the Institute of Sports Medicine to an audience of sports physiotherapists, exercise scientists, athletic trainers, and healthcare professionals. Led by Kusal Goonewardena (PhD Candidate - Muscle Fatigue, APA Titled Sports & Exercise Physiotherapist) and Gayath Jayasinghe (Sports Scientist), the session provided comprehensive training on soft tissue assessment, treatment techniques, and essential sports taping methods.
Key topics covered:
Soft Tissue Therapy The science behind muscle, fascia, and joint assessment for optimal treatment outcomes.
Sports Taping Techniques Practical applications for injury prevention and rehabilitation, including ankle, knee, shoulder, thoracic, and cervical spine taping.
Sports Trainer Level 1 Course by Sports Medicine Australia A gateway to professional development, career opportunities, and working in Australia.
This training mirrors the Elite Akademy Sports Medicine standards, ensuring evidence-based approaches to injury management and athlete care.
If you are a sports professional looking to enhance your clinical skills and open doors to global opportunities, this presentation is for you.
RRB ALP CBT 2 RAC Question Paper MCQ (Railway Assistant Loco Pilot)
RRB ALP CBT 2 RAC Question Paper MCQ (Railway Assistant Loco Pilot)SONU HEETSON
油
RRB ALP CBT 2 RAC Question Paper MCQ PDF Free Download. Railway Assistant Loco Pilot Mechanic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Important Questions.Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf
Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdfAjaz Hussain
油
The intersection of AI and pharmaceutical formulation science highlights significant blind spotssystemic gaps in pharmaceutical development, regulatory oversight, quality assurance, and the ethical use of AIthat could jeopardize patient safety and undermine public trust. To move forward effectively, we must address these normalized blind spots, which may arise from outdated assumptions, errors, gaps in previous knowledge, and biases in language or regulatory inertia. This is essential to ensure that AI and formulation science are developed as tools for patient-centered and ethical healthcare.
Helping Autistic Girls Shine Webinar 際際滷s
Helping Autistic Girls Shine Webinar 際際滷sPooky Knightsmith
油
For more information about my speaking and training work, visit: https://www.pookyknightsmith.com/speaking/AI and Academic Writing, Short Term Course in Academic Writing and Publicatio...
AI and Academic Writing, Short Term Course in Academic Writing and Publicatio...Prof. (Dr.) Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
油
Dicot and monocot leaf anatomy
- 1. DICOT AND MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
- 2. MORPHOLOGY
- 3. Dicotyledonous leaf Typical dorsiventral leaf T.S of leaf lamina show three main parts Epidermis Mesophyll Vascular system
- 5. Epidermis It covers both upper(adaxial epidermis) and lower surface(abaxial) Cuticle is present Upper epidermis consist stomata
- 6. MESOPHYLL Tissues between upper and lower epidermis It posses chloroplast photosynthesis Two type- palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma
- 7. Palisade parenchyma Adaxially placed Elongated cells Vertically arranged and parallel to each other
- 8. Mesophyll parenchyma Oval or round Loosely arranged Below the palisade cells Air cavities present
- 9. VASCULAR SYSTEM It seen in the veins and mid ribs Size of vascular bundle depend on the size of the vein It is surrounded by a thick walled bundle sheath cells
- 11. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS LEAF Typical isobilateral leaf Three main parts Epidermis Mesophyll Vascular system
- 13. Stomata present on both epidermis Mesophyll is not differentiated in to palisade and spongy parenchyma Bulliform cells- modified adaxial epidermis cells and veins It absorb water and become turgid-leaf surface exposed It become flaccid due to water stress-leaves curl inward
- 16. characters Dicot leaf Monocot leaf Nature of orientation Dorsi ventral isobilateral stomata Upper epidermis Both upper and lower mesophyll Palisade and spongy parenchyma Spongy parenchyma Bundle sheath Made up of collenchyma made up of sclerenchyma