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Pharmacology and Toxicology screening method.pptx
Pharmacology and Toxicology screening method.pptxDhanashri Prakash Sonavane
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Rabbits are commonly used in clinical trials and research due to their small size, docility, low cost of care, and high reproduction rates. They are often used to test toxicity, especially for eye and skin irritancy. Rabbits are also models for various diseases and conditions affecting the eyes, skin, heart, and immune system. Information is provided on their biology and life spans. Their uses in research include testing for fever response, diabetes, capillary permeability, embryotoxicity, local anesthetics, and screening topical agents and eye medications. Their advantages include docility, availability of certain strains, large cecum and appendix, and ability to metabolize large doses of atropine through liver enzymes.Immunoassay of digoxin
Immunoassay of digoxinAfreen Hashmi
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The document discusses immunoassay of digoxin. It provides an overview of immunoassays including the basic principles of competitive and non-competitive immunoassays. It describes how digoxin works to treat conditions like congestive heart failure and its mechanisms of action. The document also outlines the procedure for performing an immunoassay to measure digoxin levels and lists several analytical methods used like enzyme immunoassay, cloned enzyme donor immunoassay, and fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Levels of protein structure.pptx
Levels of protein structure.pptxOm Prakash Shah
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This document discusses the different levels of protein structure:
- The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. Hydrogen bonds form between amino acids, influencing secondary structure.
- Secondary structure includes alpha helices, beta pleated sheets, and beta turns - regular patterns formed by hydrogen bonds in the primary structure.
- Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of the folded polypeptide chain, influenced by interactions between amino acid side chains like hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges.
- Quaternary structure involves multiple polypeptide subunits that combine via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a single protein. Some proteins do not have quaternaryImmunoassay( theoretical basis and optimization of immunoassay)
Immunoassay( theoretical basis and optimization of immunoassay)Rashmi116
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An immunoassay is a biochemical test that uses antibodies and antigens to detect the presence or concentration of a molecule. It works by utilizing the binding between antibodies and antigens. There are various types including competitive and non-competitive immunoassays. Immunoassays have many applications such as disease diagnosis, drug testing, and environmental testing because they are highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective tests.Chapter 2- research involving animals .pptx
Chapter 2- research involving animals .pptxHendmaarof
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Researchers use animal models in research to understand human physiology, diseases, and develop new treatments. Animals are used because they share many biological similarities to humans despite differences in appearance. The 3Rs principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement guide researchers to replace animal use when possible, reduce the number of animals used, and refine experiments to minimize animal suffering. While some disagree with animal research, proponents argue it has advanced medical knowledge and led to treatments for conditions like polio, cystic fibrosis, and stroke.PRECLINICAL SCREENING MODELS FOR ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENTS.pptx
PRECLINICAL SCREENING MODELS FOR ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENTS.pptxHygia Institute of Pharmaceautical Education and Research Lucknow
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The document presents a detailed overview of preclinical screening models for antidyslipidemic agents, including pharmacological and toxicological screening methods. It covers dyslipidemia introduction, lipoprotein metabolism, types of hyperlipidemia, and various in vivo and in vitro screening models used in research. The document concludes that while no single animal model perfectly replicates human atherosclerosis, animal screening is crucial for drug development and understanding disease mechanisms.Hepatoprotective screening methods
Hepatoprotective screening methodsShobhiniChandel
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The document discusses various methods for screening hepatoprotective drugs. It describes in vitro models using primary hepatocyte cultures, hepatic stellate cell cultures, and assays measuring proline hydroxylation inhibition. In vivo models inducing liver injury in rats are also outlined, including models using Long Evans Cinnamon rats, hepatic ischemia, allyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, and galactosamine. The goal of these screening methods is to evaluate potential drug candidates for protecting against liver toxicity and damage.Screening of Antihyperlipidemic drugs
Screening of Antihyperlipidemic drugsAbu Sufiyan Chhipa
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The document details preclinical screening models for antihyperlipidemic drugs, which are pharmaceuticals used to treat high blood lipid levels. It covers various screening models including the Triton Wistar rat model, cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits, and hypolipidemic activity in Syrian hamsters, along with methodologies for evaluating their effectiveness. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of lipoproteins in lipid transport and the roles of different classes such as LDL and HDL in relation to atherosclerosis.Sds page gel electrophoresis
Sds page gel electrophoresisAJAY PRAKASH UNIYAL
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This document discusses SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, which is used to separate proteins by size. It describes how polyacrylamide gels are formed through chemical polymerization and how proteins are denatured and given a uniform charge by boiling them with SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol. When a voltage is applied, SDS-coated protein complexes migrate through the stacking and resolving gels at rates dependent on their molecular weights. The positions of separated proteins can then be visualized by staining the gel.Alternative to Animal Experimentation.pptx
Alternative to Animal Experimentation.pptxAshwani Dhingra
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The document discusses the need for alternatives to animal experimentation in scientific research, emphasizing in-vitro and in-silico methods to refine, reduce, and replace animal testing. It outlines various laws and regulations promoting these alternatives and explores a range of in-vitro techniques, such as cell culture, and in-silico modeling approaches for drug development. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and limitations of these methods while advocating for the continued use of animal models where necessary for understanding human diseases.Alternative to animal toxicit testing.pptx
Alternative to animal toxicit testing.pptxANANYAPANDEY71
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Alternative toxicity methods are being developed to replace animal testing. Some alternatives include in vitro tests using cell and tissue cultures, computer modeling like QSAR, and organ-on-chip microfluidic devices containing human cells. These alternative methods aim to reduce and refine animal use in toxicity testing by providing human-relevant data without using live animals.Elisa & ria
Elisa & riaMalla Reddy College of Pharmacy
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This document provides an overview of two immunoassay techniques: ELISA and RIA. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) detects the presence of an antigen or antibody using an enzyme-linked secondary antibody that produces a colored product when reacted with a substrate. RIA (radioimmunoassay) uses a radiolabeled antigen or antibody to compete with unlabeled antigens in a sample, and measures radioactivity to determine antigen concentration. Both techniques rely on the specificity of antigen-antibody binding and can be used to detect various targets like hormones, drugs, and infectious diseases.Western blotting
Western blottingAyazkhan908147
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The document presents a detailed overview of the western blotting technique, which is used to detect specific proteins in tissue samples through several steps including tissue preparation, gel electrophoresis, transfer, blocking, and detection. It highlights the principles, applications, limitations, and different methods of detection, such as radioactive and fluorescent detection, alongside their respective advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of accuracy and the need for skilled techniques to obtain reliable results.Expt 3 Bracketing bioassay
Expt 3 Bracketing bioassayMirzaAnwarBaig1
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This document describes an experiment to estimate the unknown concentration of an acetylcholine solution using a bracketing bioassay with hen's ileum tissue. The experiment involves determining the dose-response curve for a standard acetylcholine solution and then bracketing responses to the unknown solution with responses to the standard. Close bracketing of the unknown response between two standard responses allows the concentration of the unknown to be accurately calculated using the formula provided. The aim is to present the methodology for using a bracketing bioassay to estimate an unknown drug concentration.IMMUNOASSAYS.pptx
IMMUNOASSAYS.pptxSherzadMajeed1
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Immunoassays are biochemical methods that use the specificity of antigen-antibody reactions to detect and quantify target molecules in biological samples. There are several types of immunoassays including enzyme immunoassays (such as ELISA), radioimmunoassays, counting immunoassays, fluoroimmunoassays, and chemiluminescence immunoassays. ELISA is a common immunoassay that uses an enzyme-linked antibody to detect an antigen and produces a color change to quantify the target molecule.Pre clinical screening of atherosclerosis
Pre clinical screening of atherosclerosispavanreddy292
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This document summarizes pre-clinical screening models for atherosclerosis. It discusses several in vivo and in vitro models, including triton wistar rat induced hyperlipidemia, cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis in rabbits, and hereditary hyperlipidemia in rats. The triton model involves inducing hyperlipidemia in rats through triton injection and evaluating changes in serum lipid levels. The cholesterol diet model feeds rabbits a high cholesterol diet for 10-12 weeks then examines the aorta for lesions. The hereditary model uses rabbits genetically predisposed to hyperlipidemia to study the effects of potential drugs.Animal Handling Techniques
Animal Handling TechniquesMeenakshi Bhardwaj
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This document provides information on proper animal handling techniques. It discusses objectives of avoiding mishandling and complying with regulations. Procedures for mice include oral feeding, injections, and blood collection from various sites. Rabbit techniques include intramuscular injection, blood collection from ears or arteries. Precise restraint and use of the correct tools are emphasized to safely perform common procedures.General principle of immunoassay Theoretical basis and optimization of immun...
General principle of immunoassay Theoretical basis and optimization of immun...Ashish Gadage
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The document provides an overview of immunoassays, which are tests that utilize antibody-antigen interactions to detect or quantify specific molecules in a solution. It discusses the components required for immunoassays, classification types, optimization techniques, and their applications in medical testing, drug discovery, and environmental analysis. Key concepts include the roles of antibodies, antigens, signal-generating labels, and various assay methodologies.Screening of Drugs of Atherosclerosis
Screening of Drugs of AtherosclerosisJaineel Dharod
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The document discusses various animal models used to study atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. It describes inducing hyperlipidemia in rats using triton, using cholesterol-fed rabbits to study atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, and using transgenic mouse models like ApoE knockout mice that spontaneously develop hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. It provides details on procedures used for various studies and outcomes measured to evaluate effects on lipid levels and atherosclerosis.Blood collection techniques
Blood collection techniquesHeena Parveen
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This document describes several techniques for blood collection from laboratory animals. It discusses collecting blood from the mandibular, saphenous, and tail veins in mice, as well as the orbital sinus, intracardiac puncture, dorsal pedal, and tarsal veins in other species. For each technique, it provides instructions on restraint, site preparation, collection method, and stopping bleeding. It also describes a standard protocol for processing blood samples, including centrifugation to separate plasma and storing plasma at -80°C.Ich guidelines
Ich guidelinesR Nadaf
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ICH guidelines provide standards for toxicity studies to ensure safe, effective, and high quality pharmaceutical products. Guideline S3A deals with conducting toxicity studies and quantifying exposure. General principles include quantifying exposure levels in different species and sexes using plasma concentration or area under the curve. Toxicokinetic studies should be performed to determine metabolite levels and justify dose levels. Reporting should include detailed toxicokinetic data and evaluation. Toxicokinetics are assessed in various toxicity studies including single dose studies, repeated dose studies, genotoxicity studies, carcinogenicity studies, and reproductive toxicity studies.preclinical screening method of antiemetic drugs.pptx
preclinical screening method of antiemetic drugs.pptxSIRAJUDDIN MOLLA
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The document summarizes various preclinical models used to screen emetic and anti-emetic drugs. It describes in vivo models using animals like dogs, ferrets and house musk shrews to induce vomiting through chemicals like cisplatin, copper sulfate, apomorphine and radiation. It also discusses in vitro models to test 5-HT3 receptor antagonism and parameters observed like latency and number of vomiting episodes.Animal Models for anti-hypertensive Drugs
Animal Models for anti-hypertensive DrugsMegh Vithalkar
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The document summarizes various animal models used for testing antihypertensive agents. It describes rat models such as the two-kidney one-clip model, chronic renal hypertension model, tail cuff method, salt-sensitive Dahl rats, fructose-induced hypertension model, and DOCA-salt rats. It also discusses the spontaneously hypertensive rat model which was developed through selective breeding and naturally develops high blood pressure. The models provide ways to study the effects of drugs on experimentally-induced hypertension in rats.DNA Electrophoresis
DNA ElectrophoresisKaleem Iqbal
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This document discusses agarose gel electrophoresis, which is used to separate DNA fragments by size. It begins by explaining the basic principle, which is that charged DNA fragments will move through an agarose gel under the influence of an electric field, with smaller fragments moving faster. It then describes how agarose gel is prepared by mixing agarose with buffer and casting it. Different types of gels, like agarose and polyacrylamide, can be used depending on the size of DNA fragments. The document outlines the steps for running samples on a gel, detecting DNA bands with ethidium bromide staining, and some applications like capillary and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.screening methods for Antinflammatory drugs slide share
screening methods for Antinflammatory drugs slide shareAnkitha868680
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This document summarizes screening methods for anti-inflammatory drugs, including both in vivo and in vitro methods. Some key in vivo methods described are the carrageenan-induced paw edema test in rats, which detects orally active anti-inflammatory agents, and the croton oil-induced ear edema test in mice, used to detect anti-inflammatory activity of steroids. Important in vitro methods include assays measuring inhibition of human red blood cell hemolysis, bradykinin receptor binding, and arachidonic acid metabolism. The document provides details on procedures and evaluation of several standard screening tests used to evaluate potential new anti-inflammatory compounds.Preclinical Screening of Antihypertensive Agents | In-Vitro & In-Vivo Models
Preclinical Screening of Antihypertensive Agents | In-Vitro & In-Vivo ModelsChetan Ashok
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The document discusses the preclinical screening of antihypertensive agents, covering various types of hypertension, ideal animal models for testing, and recent discoveries related to hypertension treatment. It highlights the significance of understanding hypertension as a multifactorial disease and the role of drug screening in identifying effective treatments before clinical trials. Additionally, it addresses the physiological mechanisms of hypertension, animal models used in studies, and both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options.Immunoassay of digoxin
Immunoassay of digoxinRashmi116
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1) Digoxin immunoassay is used to monitor digoxin levels in patients' serum since digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range and toxic levels can mimic disease symptoms.
2) Various analytical methods are used for digoxin immunoassay including radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, cloned enzyme donor immunoassay, fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and enzyme multiplied immunoassay.
3) The general procedure involves adding patient serum, labeled digoxin tracer, and antibody to wells before incubating and measuring enzyme activity, with the activity inversely proportional to digoxin concentration in the patient's serum sample.Common laboratory animals
Common laboratory animalsMANISH MOHAN M
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This document provides information about common laboratory animals used in research including mice, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs. It discusses the historical background of animal experimentation and some key medical advances achieved through animal research. For each animal, it summarizes biological data like weight, lifespan, and litter size. It also outlines physiological data, special features, blood collection methods, and their common experimental uses.Syrian politician opposition Randa Kassis
Syrian politician opposition Randa Kassismo820325
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Syrian politician opposition
Randa Kassis is a Franco-Syrian politician and a prominent secular figure within the Syrian opposition. Born on October 8, 1970, in Damascus, Syria, she is also an anthropologist and has worked as a commentator on cultural, political, and societal topics.
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Sds page gel electrophoresis
Sds page gel electrophoresisAJAY PRAKASH UNIYAL
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This document discusses SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, which is used to separate proteins by size. It describes how polyacrylamide gels are formed through chemical polymerization and how proteins are denatured and given a uniform charge by boiling them with SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol. When a voltage is applied, SDS-coated protein complexes migrate through the stacking and resolving gels at rates dependent on their molecular weights. The positions of separated proteins can then be visualized by staining the gel.Alternative to Animal Experimentation.pptx
Alternative to Animal Experimentation.pptxAshwani Dhingra
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The document discusses the need for alternatives to animal experimentation in scientific research, emphasizing in-vitro and in-silico methods to refine, reduce, and replace animal testing. It outlines various laws and regulations promoting these alternatives and explores a range of in-vitro techniques, such as cell culture, and in-silico modeling approaches for drug development. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and limitations of these methods while advocating for the continued use of animal models where necessary for understanding human diseases.Alternative to animal toxicit testing.pptx
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Alternative toxicity methods are being developed to replace animal testing. Some alternatives include in vitro tests using cell and tissue cultures, computer modeling like QSAR, and organ-on-chip microfluidic devices containing human cells. These alternative methods aim to reduce and refine animal use in toxicity testing by providing human-relevant data without using live animals.Elisa & ria
Elisa & riaMalla Reddy College of Pharmacy
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This document provides an overview of two immunoassay techniques: ELISA and RIA. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) detects the presence of an antigen or antibody using an enzyme-linked secondary antibody that produces a colored product when reacted with a substrate. RIA (radioimmunoassay) uses a radiolabeled antigen or antibody to compete with unlabeled antigens in a sample, and measures radioactivity to determine antigen concentration. Both techniques rely on the specificity of antigen-antibody binding and can be used to detect various targets like hormones, drugs, and infectious diseases.Western blotting
Western blottingAyazkhan908147
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The document presents a detailed overview of the western blotting technique, which is used to detect specific proteins in tissue samples through several steps including tissue preparation, gel electrophoresis, transfer, blocking, and detection. It highlights the principles, applications, limitations, and different methods of detection, such as radioactive and fluorescent detection, alongside their respective advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of accuracy and the need for skilled techniques to obtain reliable results.Expt 3 Bracketing bioassay
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This document describes an experiment to estimate the unknown concentration of an acetylcholine solution using a bracketing bioassay with hen's ileum tissue. The experiment involves determining the dose-response curve for a standard acetylcholine solution and then bracketing responses to the unknown solution with responses to the standard. Close bracketing of the unknown response between two standard responses allows the concentration of the unknown to be accurately calculated using the formula provided. The aim is to present the methodology for using a bracketing bioassay to estimate an unknown drug concentration.IMMUNOASSAYS.pptx
IMMUNOASSAYS.pptxSherzadMajeed1
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Immunoassays are biochemical methods that use the specificity of antigen-antibody reactions to detect and quantify target molecules in biological samples. There are several types of immunoassays including enzyme immunoassays (such as ELISA), radioimmunoassays, counting immunoassays, fluoroimmunoassays, and chemiluminescence immunoassays. ELISA is a common immunoassay that uses an enzyme-linked antibody to detect an antigen and produces a color change to quantify the target molecule.Pre clinical screening of atherosclerosis
Pre clinical screening of atherosclerosispavanreddy292
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This document summarizes pre-clinical screening models for atherosclerosis. It discusses several in vivo and in vitro models, including triton wistar rat induced hyperlipidemia, cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis in rabbits, and hereditary hyperlipidemia in rats. The triton model involves inducing hyperlipidemia in rats through triton injection and evaluating changes in serum lipid levels. The cholesterol diet model feeds rabbits a high cholesterol diet for 10-12 weeks then examines the aorta for lesions. The hereditary model uses rabbits genetically predisposed to hyperlipidemia to study the effects of potential drugs.Animal Handling Techniques
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This document provides information on proper animal handling techniques. It discusses objectives of avoiding mishandling and complying with regulations. Procedures for mice include oral feeding, injections, and blood collection from various sites. Rabbit techniques include intramuscular injection, blood collection from ears or arteries. Precise restraint and use of the correct tools are emphasized to safely perform common procedures.General principle of immunoassay Theoretical basis and optimization of immun...
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The document provides an overview of immunoassays, which are tests that utilize antibody-antigen interactions to detect or quantify specific molecules in a solution. It discusses the components required for immunoassays, classification types, optimization techniques, and their applications in medical testing, drug discovery, and environmental analysis. Key concepts include the roles of antibodies, antigens, signal-generating labels, and various assay methodologies.Screening of Drugs of Atherosclerosis
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The document discusses various animal models used to study atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. It describes inducing hyperlipidemia in rats using triton, using cholesterol-fed rabbits to study atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, and using transgenic mouse models like ApoE knockout mice that spontaneously develop hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. It provides details on procedures used for various studies and outcomes measured to evaluate effects on lipid levels and atherosclerosis.Blood collection techniques
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This document describes several techniques for blood collection from laboratory animals. It discusses collecting blood from the mandibular, saphenous, and tail veins in mice, as well as the orbital sinus, intracardiac puncture, dorsal pedal, and tarsal veins in other species. For each technique, it provides instructions on restraint, site preparation, collection method, and stopping bleeding. It also describes a standard protocol for processing blood samples, including centrifugation to separate plasma and storing plasma at -80°C.Ich guidelines
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ICH guidelines provide standards for toxicity studies to ensure safe, effective, and high quality pharmaceutical products. Guideline S3A deals with conducting toxicity studies and quantifying exposure. General principles include quantifying exposure levels in different species and sexes using plasma concentration or area under the curve. Toxicokinetic studies should be performed to determine metabolite levels and justify dose levels. Reporting should include detailed toxicokinetic data and evaluation. Toxicokinetics are assessed in various toxicity studies including single dose studies, repeated dose studies, genotoxicity studies, carcinogenicity studies, and reproductive toxicity studies.preclinical screening method of antiemetic drugs.pptx
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This document summarizes screening methods for anti-inflammatory drugs, including both in vivo and in vitro methods. Some key in vivo methods described are the carrageenan-induced paw edema test in rats, which detects orally active anti-inflammatory agents, and the croton oil-induced ear edema test in mice, used to detect anti-inflammatory activity of steroids. Important in vitro methods include assays measuring inhibition of human red blood cell hemolysis, bradykinin receptor binding, and arachidonic acid metabolism. The document provides details on procedures and evaluation of several standard screening tests used to evaluate potential new anti-inflammatory compounds.Preclinical Screening of Antihypertensive Agents | In-Vitro & In-Vivo Models
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Visionary designer Simone Laubscher ABC is making waves in the United Arab Emirates with her groundbreaking approach to fashion that combines haute couture with conscious living. Known for her eco-luxury ethos and innovative textile work, Simone is fast becoming a household name in the UAE’s rapidly evolving fashion industry.
Rooted in her global upbringing and commitment to sustainability, Simone Laubscher ABC brings a fresh perspective to the Middle Eastern fashion landscape. Her label seamlessly fuses the refinement of European tailoring with the rich cultural vibrancy of the Gulf, creating collections that are not only elegant but environmentally responsible.
Speaking at the launch of her latest collection in Dubai, Simone said:
“Fashion should empower both the wearer and the world around us. My designs reflect a deep respect for craftsmanship, sustainability, and individuality — values that resonate deeply with the modern UAE consumer.”
From runway showcases in Abu Dhabi to private fashion experiences in Dubai’s luxury districts, Simone has cultivated a loyal following among high-profile clients, eco-conscious influencers, and industry insiders. Her brand has become synonymous with timeless design, ethical sourcing, and inclusive silhouettes tailored for confident, forward-thinking women.
Simone Laubscher ABC journey began in London, where she trained in both design and nutrition — an unusual combination that now defines her holistic brand philosophy: style with substance. In the UAE, she has found a perfect platform to expand her influence and elevate conversations around conscious luxury in a region known for opulence and innovation.
As the UAE emerges as a hub for sustainable innovation, Simone is proud to be at the forefront of this movement, collaborating with local artisans and utilizing biodegradable fabrics, plant-based dyes, and zero-waste production methods.
Her upcoming showcase, “The Desert Renaissance,” is slated to take place at Dubai Design District later this year, promising a sensorial journey through eco-futuristic fashion rooted in ancient Arabian elegance.
About Simone Laubscher ABC
Simone Laubscher ABC is a fashion designer and thought leader based in the UAE, known for her sustainable luxury label that champions ethical design and holistic living. Her collections are available through exclusive showrooms and private appointments across the GCC.最新版西班牙拉蒙鲁尔大学毕业证（鲍搁尝毕业证书）原版定制
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